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2020

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Articles 18061 - 18090 of 23491

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

2020-2 Prices, Profits, Proxies, And Production, Victor H. Aguiar, Roy Allen, Nail Kashaev Jan 2020

2020-2 Prices, Profits, Proxies, And Production, Victor H. Aguiar, Roy Allen, Nail Kashaev

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

Abstract This paper studies nonparametric identification and counterfactual bounds for heterogeneous firms that can be ranked in terms of productivity. Our approach works when quantities and prices are latent rendering standard approaches inapplicable. Instead, we require observation of profits or other optimizing-values such as costs or revenues, and either prices or price proxies of flexibly chosen variables. We extend classical duality results for price-taking firms to a setup with discrete heterogeneity, endogeneity, and limited variation in possibly latent prices. Finally, we show that convergence results for nonparametric estimators may be directly converted to convergence results for production sets.


2020-3 Optimal Contracting With Altruistic Agents: A Structural Model Of Medicare Payments For Dialysis Drugs, Martin Gaynor, Nirav Mehta, Seth Richards-Shubik Jan 2020

2020-3 Optimal Contracting With Altruistic Agents: A Structural Model Of Medicare Payments For Dialysis Drugs, Martin Gaynor, Nirav Mehta, Seth Richards-Shubik

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

We study physician agency and optimal payment policy in the context of an expensive medication used in dialysis care. Using Medicare claims data we estimate a structural model of treatment decisions, in which physicians differ in their altruism and marginal costs, and this heterogeneity is unobservable to the government. In a novel application of nonlinear pricing methods, we theoretically characterize the optimal unrestricted contract in this screening environment with multidimensional heterogeneity. We combine these results with the estimated model to construct the optimal contract and simulate counterfactual outcomes. The optimal contract is a flexible fee-for-service contract, which pays for reported …


2020-8 Perceived And Actual Option Values Of College Enrollment, Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner Jan 2020

2020-8 Perceived And Actual Option Values Of College Enrollment, Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.


2020-7 Marriage, Children, And Labor Supply: Beliefs And Outcomes, Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner Jan 2020

2020-7 Marriage, Children, And Labor Supply: Beliefs And Outcomes, Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.


2020-6 The Eitc And Maternal Time Use: More Time Working And Less Time With Kids?, Jacob Bastian, Lance Lochner Jan 2020

2020-6 The Eitc And Maternal Time Use: More Time Working And Less Time With Kids?, Jacob Bastian, Lance Lochner

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.


2020-5 Returns To Skill And The Evolution Of Skills For Older Men, Qian Liu, Lance Lochner, Youngmin Park, Youngki Shin Jan 2020

2020-5 Returns To Skill And The Evolution Of Skills For Older Men, Qian Liu, Lance Lochner, Youngmin Park, Youngki Shin

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.


2020-4 Child Skill Production: Accounting For Parental And Market-Based Time And Goods Investments, Elizabeth Caucutt, Lance Lochner, Joseph Mullins, Youngmin Park Jan 2020

2020-4 Child Skill Production: Accounting For Parental And Market-Based Time And Goods Investments, Elizabeth Caucutt, Lance Lochner, Joseph Mullins, Youngmin Park

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.


2020-9 Self-Employment And Development, Juan Herreno, Sergio Ocampo Jan 2020

2020-9 Self-Employment And Development, Juan Herreno, Sergio Ocampo

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.


Pigeon Pea Cultivation In Uganda, Russell Sun, Anusheh Hasan, Cara Boyd, Priscilla Matthews Jan 2020

Pigeon Pea Cultivation In Uganda, Russell Sun, Anusheh Hasan, Cara Boyd, Priscilla Matthews

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Intra-Household Decision Making Arrangements And Food Security In Semi-Arid Ghana, Kamaldeen Mohammed Jan 2020

Intra-Household Decision Making Arrangements And Food Security In Semi-Arid Ghana, Kamaldeen Mohammed

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Estimating Yield Of Household Groundnut Fields In Rural Smallholder Farming Systems: Implication For Household Food Security, Daniel Kpienbaareh, Isaac Luginaah, Jinfei Wang Jan 2020

Estimating Yield Of Household Groundnut Fields In Rural Smallholder Farming Systems: Implication For Household Food Security, Daniel Kpienbaareh, Isaac Luginaah, Jinfei Wang

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Credit Access And Perceived Climate Change Resilience Of Smallholder Farmers In Semi-Arid Northern Ghana, Evans Batung Jan 2020

Credit Access And Perceived Climate Change Resilience Of Smallholder Farmers In Semi-Arid Northern Ghana, Evans Batung

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Farmer And Herder Conflict Dynamics In Ghana: The Role Of Environmental Scarcity, Daniel Kofi Banini Jan 2020

Farmer And Herder Conflict Dynamics In Ghana: The Role Of Environmental Scarcity, Daniel Kofi Banini

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


The Conundrum Of Vanishing 'Gold' In The African Savannah, Eunice Annan-Aggrey Jan 2020

The Conundrum Of Vanishing 'Gold' In The African Savannah, Eunice Annan-Aggrey

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Coping Strategies Of Agrarian Households, Daniel Amoak Jan 2020

Coping Strategies Of Agrarian Households, Daniel Amoak

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Tackling Access To Water And Sanitation, And Gender-Based Violence: A Parallel Case Study Of Ngos In Sub-Saharan Africa, Maurice Dogoli, Susan J. Elliott Jan 2020

Tackling Access To Water And Sanitation, And Gender-Based Violence: A Parallel Case Study Of Ngos In Sub-Saharan Africa, Maurice Dogoli, Susan J. Elliott

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Ecoland, Josephine Mariz De Leon, Ryan Grilli, Yasmina Gaber, Riddhi Nandola, Mofiyin Lawal Jan 2020

Ecoland, Josephine Mariz De Leon, Ryan Grilli, Yasmina Gaber, Riddhi Nandola, Mofiyin Lawal

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Western Heads East Remote Internship: Canada-Rwanda Partnership, Katherine Butler, Eva Chang Jan 2020

Western Heads East Remote Internship: Canada-Rwanda Partnership, Katherine Butler, Eva Chang

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


When You Preach Water And You Drink Wine: Exploring The Implementation, Use And Management Of Wash In Healthcare Facilities In Kisumu County, Thelma Zulfawu Abu, Susan J. Elliott, Diana Karanja Jan 2020

When You Preach Water And You Drink Wine: Exploring The Implementation, Use And Management Of Wash In Healthcare Facilities In Kisumu County, Thelma Zulfawu Abu, Susan J. Elliott, Diana Karanja

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


L'École Ivoirienne: Taux De Réussite Ou Formation De Qualité?, Seydou Ouattara Jan 2020

L'École Ivoirienne: Taux De Réussite Ou Formation De Qualité?, Seydou Ouattara

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Hiv Prevention Among Heterosexual Blackmen In Ontario: The Need To Revisit Provincial Policy, Roger Antabe Western University, London Ontario, Erica Lawson, Winston Husbands, Josephine Wong, Godwin Arku, Isaac Luginaah Jan 2020

Hiv Prevention Among Heterosexual Blackmen In Ontario: The Need To Revisit Provincial Policy, Roger Antabe Western University, London Ontario, Erica Lawson, Winston Husbands, Josephine Wong, Godwin Arku, Isaac Luginaah

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Place Of Hope Or Despair? Investigating Social Mobility In Harare's Informal Settlements, Senanu Kwasi Kutor Jan 2020

Place Of Hope Or Despair? Investigating Social Mobility In Harare's Informal Settlements, Senanu Kwasi Kutor

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


This Is A Good Place To Live! Narratives And Counternarratives On Territorial Stigmatization In Harare's Informal Settlements, Elmond Bandauko Jan 2020

This Is A Good Place To Live! Narratives And Counternarratives On Territorial Stigmatization In Harare's Informal Settlements, Elmond Bandauko

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Female Social Entrepreneurship In Sport, In The African Context: Systemic Review, Denise Kamyuka Jan 2020

Female Social Entrepreneurship In Sport, In The African Context: Systemic Review, Denise Kamyuka

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.


Comparison Of Resting-State Functional Connectivity In Marmosets With Tracer-Based Cellular Connectivity, Yuki Hori, David J. Schaeffer, Kyle M. Gilbert, Lauren K. Hayrynen, Justine C. Cléry, Joseph S. Gati, Ravi S. Menon, Stefan Everling Jan 2020

Comparison Of Resting-State Functional Connectivity In Marmosets With Tracer-Based Cellular Connectivity, Yuki Hori, David J. Schaeffer, Kyle M. Gilbert, Lauren K. Hayrynen, Justine C. Cléry, Joseph S. Gati, Ravi S. Menon, Stefan Everling

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) is widely used to assess how strongly different brain areas are connected. However, this connection obtained by RS-fMRI, which is called functional connectivity (FC), simply refers to the correlation of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals across time it has yet to be quantified how accurately FC reflects cellular connectivity (CC). In this study, we elucidated this relationship using RS-fMRI and quantitative tracer data in marmosets. In addition, we also elucidated the effects of distance between two brain regions on the relationship between FC and CC across seed region. To calculate FC, we …


Depressogenic Self-Schemas Are Associated With Smaller Regional Grey Matter Volume In Never-Depressed Preadolescents, Pan Liu, Matthew R.J. Vandemeer, Marc F. Joanisse, Deanna M. Barch, David J.A. Dozois, Elizabeth P. Hayden Jan 2020

Depressogenic Self-Schemas Are Associated With Smaller Regional Grey Matter Volume In Never-Depressed Preadolescents, Pan Liu, Matthew R.J. Vandemeer, Marc F. Joanisse, Deanna M. Barch, David J.A. Dozois, Elizabeth P. Hayden

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 The Author(s) Self-referential processing (i.e., self-schemas that guide processing of self-descriptive information) emerges early in youth, with deeper encoding of negative self-descriptors and/or shallower encoding of positive self-descriptors causally linked to depression. However, the relationship between depressogenic self-schemas and brain structure is unclear. We investigated associations between self-schemas and regional grey matter volume (GMV) in 84 never-depressed preadolescents oversampled for depression risk based on maternal depression history. Self-schemas were assessed using a Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET) and regional GMV was indexed via voxel-based morphometry analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Youths’ positive self-schemas were associated with greater …


Orbitofrontal Cortex Grey Matter Volume Is Related To Children's Depressive Symptoms, Matthew R.J. Vandermeer, Pan Liu, Ola Mohamed Ali, Andrew R. Daoust, Marc F. Joanisse, Deanna M. Barch, Elizabeth P. Hayden Jan 2020

Orbitofrontal Cortex Grey Matter Volume Is Related To Children's Depressive Symptoms, Matthew R.J. Vandermeer, Pan Liu, Ola Mohamed Ali, Andrew R. Daoust, Marc F. Joanisse, Deanna M. Barch, Elizabeth P. Hayden

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 The Author(s) Adults with a history of depression show distinct patterns of grey matter volume (GMV) in frontal cortical (e.g., prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) and limbic (e.g., anterior cingulate, amygdala, hippocampus, dorsal striatum) structures, regions relevant to the processing and regulation of reward, which is impaired in the context of depression. However, it is unclear whether these GMV associations with depression precede depressive disorder onset or whether GMV is related to early emerging symptoms or familial depression. To address these questions, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine GMV in 85 community-dwelling children (M = 11.12 years, SD …


Language Dominance Modulates The Perception Of Spanish Approximants In Late Bilinguals, Martha Black, Marc F. Joanisse, Yasaman Rafat Jan 2020

Language Dominance Modulates The Perception Of Spanish Approximants In Late Bilinguals, Martha Black, Marc F. Joanisse, Yasaman Rafat

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 by the authors. The ability to discriminate phonetically similar first language (L1) and second language (L2) sounds has significant consequences for achieving target-like proficiency in second-language learners. This study examines the L2 perception of Spanish approximants [Β, δ, γ] in comparison with their voiced stop counterparts [b, d, g] by adult English-Spanish bilinguals. Of interest is how perceptual effects are modulated by factors related to language dominance, including proficiency, language history, attitudes, and L1/L2 use, as measured by the Bilingual Language Profile questionnaire. Perception of target phones was assessed in adult native Spanish speakers (n = 10) and …


Absorption And Enjoyment During Listening To Acoustically Masked Stories, Björn Herrmann, Ingrid S. Johnsrude Jan 2020

Absorption And Enjoyment During Listening To Acoustically Masked Stories, Björn Herrmann, Ingrid S. Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© The Author(s) 2020. Comprehension of speech masked by background sound requires increased cognitive processing, which makes listening effortful. Research in hearing has focused on such challenging listening experiences, in part because they are thought to contribute to social withdrawal in people with hearing impairment. Research has focused less on positive listening experiences, such as enjoyment, despite their potential importance in motivating effortful listening. Moreover, the artificial speech materials—such as disconnected, brief sentences—commonly used to investigate speech intelligibility and listening effort may be ill-suited to capture positive experiences when listening is challenging. Here, we investigate how listening to naturalistic spoken …


Speech Spoken By Familiar People Is More Resistant To Interference By Linguistically Similar Speech, Emma Holmes, Ingrid S. Johnsrude Jan 2020

Speech Spoken By Familiar People Is More Resistant To Interference By Linguistically Similar Speech, Emma Holmes, Ingrid S. Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 American Psychological Association. Understanding speech in adverse conditions is affected by experience-a familiar voice is substantially more intelligible than an unfamiliar voice when competing speech is present, even if the content of the speech (the words) are controlled. This familiar-voice benefit is observed consistently, but its underpinnings are unclear: Do familiar voices simply attract more attention, are they inherently more intelligible because they have predictable acoustic characteristics, or are they more intelligible in a mixture because they are more resistant to interference from other sounds? We recruited pairs of native English-speaking participants who were friends or romantic couples. …