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2016

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Articles 20101 - 20130 of 21483

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Motives And Methods Of Social Mobilization In Rural Senegal, Antonia Morzenti Jan 2016

Motives And Methods Of Social Mobilization In Rural Senegal, Antonia Morzenti

Capstone Collection

Senegal, a predominantly Muslim West African country, has demonstrated political stability, sustained a constitutional democracy, and maintained a pluralistic society since independence in 1960. Amidst this, there are several small groups of social organizers who are engaging in effective social change. Tostan, a regional INGO focusing on community empowerment through nonformal education, has been working in Senegal for more than 25 years and has reached more than three million people in West Africa. After completing Tostan’s Community Empowerment Program (CEP), the social organizers have decided to travel from village to village educating and sensitizing others on what they have learned. …

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Got Inclusion? How Inclusive Is Your Organization? Assessing Inclusion Through The Icat: Inclusion Capacity Assessment Tool For Organizational Capacity, Charlotte Taylor Westfall Jan 2016

Got Inclusion? How Inclusive Is Your Organization? Assessing Inclusion Through The Icat: Inclusion Capacity Assessment Tool For Organizational Capacity, Charlotte Taylor Westfall

Capstone Collection

Inclusion is a popular buzzword in development, but how can organizations evaluate and learn from their internal practices to better meet the needs of a more diverse population? In order for organizations to assess their strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for growth, organizational development and capacity tools, if conducted in a participatory way, are essential for revealing this information through the process of evaluation and learning. In this course-linked Capstone, social inclusion and capacity assessments are thematic focuses. The paper will begin by briefly tracing the origins and context of social inclusion and then establish the definitions, reasoning and practice behind …

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The Influence Of Normative Feedback And Expectancy Violation On Attitudes Related To Sexual Assault, Stephanie Chastang Jan 2016

The Influence Of Normative Feedback And Expectancy Violation On Attitudes Related To Sexual Assault, Stephanie Chastang

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Sexual assault is a complex problem, and there is no set of best practices for sexual assault prevention and education programs. Social norms marketing and expectancy violations, however, have been proposed to be influential factors that may aid in increasing prosocial attitudes related to sexual assault. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of social norm feedback and expectancy violations on attitudes related to sexual assault and bystander intervention. Participants in the study included 244 undergraduate and graduate students who completed an experiment embedded in an online survey. Results indicated that there were no significant …

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The Moderating Effects Of Positive And Negative Automatic Thoughts On The Relationship Between Positive Emotions And Resilience, Michael W. Judd Jan 2016

The Moderating Effects Of Positive And Negative Automatic Thoughts On The Relationship Between Positive Emotions And Resilience, Michael W. Judd

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Resilience is generally characterized as the ability to recover and grow following adversity (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and is considered an integral factor in the promotion of overall physical and psychological health (Masten & Reed, 2002). One factor thought to be associated with resilience is more frequent positive emotions, but the relationship between positive emotions and resilience varies (Tugade, Fredrickson, & Feldman-Barrett, 2004), suggesting moderating factors may be involved. Cognitive factors may be involved in determining the parameters that define when and to what degree this relationship occurs (Troy & Mauss, 2011). The current study was designed to further elucidate …

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The Influence Of Emotion On Memory For A Crime, Taylor Langley Jan 2016

The Influence Of Emotion On Memory For A Crime, Taylor Langley

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Researchers have reported errors in recall or recognition of witnessed events, accounting for the most common cause of false convictions of innocent people. Tiwari (2010) indicated that 25% of suspects who were identified in a line-up were actually innocent. Jurors are strongly influenced by eyewitness testimony and this can lead to false convictions. The validity of eyewitness identification is critical in cases in which it is used as evidence. In the current study we examined specific emotion states by inducing fear, surprise, and neutral moods. We hypothesized that participants in the Fear group would be least susceptible to the effects …

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Colaboratory: Design Collaboration For The Greater Good, Stephanie Arends Neal Jan 2016

Colaboratory: Design Collaboration For The Greater Good, Stephanie Arends Neal

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

A university campus is comprised of countless students enrolled in an array of degree programs that logistically creates a diverse population that can and should culminate into a dynamic professional network for graduates. How can higher education capitalize on this melting pot to provide experiences for students and fuse this network? A place, where students collectively solve problems by applying knowledge from their degree-specific areas, will foster interdisciplinary collaboration. By requiring working-relationships between students that benefit their community, a design center will provide students with experiences across disciplines that mirror a real-world, collaborative work environment while they identify opportunities and …

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Further Exploring Processing Differences Between Geometric Shapes And Shape Words, Chelsea V. Scordas Jan 2016

Further Exploring Processing Differences Between Geometric Shapes And Shape Words, Chelsea V. Scordas

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The current study sought to expand upon the research of geometric shape processing in relation to theories of domain specificity and modularity. Sturz, Edwards, and Boyer (2014) presented results for possible processing differences between geometric shapes and geometric shape words. The authors found that when processing a bi-dimensional sample (i.e., a shape word transposed inside either the same or a different picture of a shape), there was asymmetric interference. Shape words would interfere with identifying the correct shape in a delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) task but there was no such interference from geometric shapes when identifying shape words. It was concluded …

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Leadership Styles In Military Settings And Their Influences On Program Satisfaction, Jilian Gonzales Jan 2016

Leadership Styles In Military Settings And Their Influences On Program Satisfaction, Jilian Gonzales

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to investigate the presence and prominence of transactional and transformational leadership styles among US Army ROTC cadets in authority positions. The second purpose was to see whether these leadership styles had a significant influence on the program satisfaction of US Army ROTC cadets who are not in leadership positions. Those in leadership positions were predicted to rate themselves as being more transformational than those in subordinate positions would rate them. Transformational leadership was expected to be more positively associated with program satisfaction, while transactional leadership was expected to be …

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A Feasibility Study Of A Lqts-Specific Workshop: Childrens' Problem-Solving Skills, Coping, Self-Efficacy, And Locus Of Control, Katherine L. Corvi Jan 2016

A Feasibility Study Of A Lqts-Specific Workshop: Childrens' Problem-Solving Skills, Coping, Self-Efficacy, And Locus Of Control, Katherine L. Corvi

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Living with a chronic medical condition in childhood and adolescence requires many critical lifestyle changes and restrictions, which may compromise psychosocial development. Social problem-solving skills have been shown to enhance the ability to cope with both minor and major daily stressors and to minimize psychological problems associated with physical health problems. The research is part of a larger study with children with long QT syndrome (LQTS) and their parents; the present study focuses on the children. This study was developed to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a problem-solving workshop to increase problem solving, self-efficacy, coping, and locus of control …

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Getting An Early Start: Promoting The Growth Mindset In Kindergarten Children, Gina M. Cancelliere Jan 2016

Getting An Early Start: Promoting The Growth Mindset In Kindergarten Children, Gina M. Cancelliere

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Expanding the current mindset research focus from the adolescent population to kindergarten-age children and examining the variables that impact mindsets in young children were the prominent goals of this study. The first research question sought to uncover information regarding the relationship between parents’ mindsets (growth or fixed) and observable behavioral markers associated with the mindsets that present in young children. Four behaviors were of primary interest: level of engagement, type of self -verbalizations, anxiety-related behavior and guessing behavior. Also examined was the relationship between parents’ mindsets and children’s mindsets. The second research question explored the association between these aforementioned behavioral …

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The Relationship Between Parental Rearing, Self-Efficacy And Resilience In The Development Of A Coping Style, Hillary Koskinen Vescio Jan 2016

The Relationship Between Parental Rearing, Self-Efficacy And Resilience In The Development Of A Coping Style, Hillary Koskinen Vescio

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The current study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy, resilience, perceived parental rearing and the use of adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies. The Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997) was used to assess participant's coping styles. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) was utilized to assess a participant’s self-efficacy. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS, Smith et al., 2008) was used to measure resilience, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ; Buri (1991) was used to assess perceived parental rearing. A between-subjects design with two multiple regressions was used to evaluate the relationship between these …

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Medical Interns', Residents' And Attending Physicians' Attitudes Towards Integrative Medicine And Recommended Treatments For Patients With Psoriasis, Jennifer L. Pacyon Jan 2016

Medical Interns', Residents' And Attending Physicians' Attitudes Towards Integrative Medicine And Recommended Treatments For Patients With Psoriasis, Jennifer L. Pacyon

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Background: Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease that effect approximately 7.5 million Americans. There are a variety of traditional treatments for psoriasis (e.g. topical medications, biologics) that for many, are effective in combating the disease. However, traditional treatments often have aversive side effects and may not be appropriate for every patient (e.g. pregnant women). Additionally, the efficacy of these medications are variable leaving some looking for adjunctive treatment options. There is increasing evidence to support the use of adjunctive treatments for psoriatic patients (e.g. psychotherapy, mindfulness). However, research is variable in regards to medical professionals’ attitudes towards integrative medicine (IM) as …

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Use Of A Neuropsychologically Based Performance Model To Account For Adult Variation In Cognitive Test-Retest Performance, Ryan M. Murphy Jan 2016

Use Of A Neuropsychologically Based Performance Model To Account For Adult Variation In Cognitive Test-Retest Performance, Ryan M. Murphy

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The current study was designed to examine the appropriateness and effectiveness of a neuropsychologically based performance consistency model in comparison to traditional psychometric conceptualizations of reliability when examining test-retest performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition (WAIS–III). Regardless of whether the sample was grouped by total sample or in reference to subject performance to the mean, an overall progression effect rather than regression to the mean was noted. When grouping subjects in terms of their relation to the mean, a poor goodness of fit obtained via chi-square analysis was found between traditional psychometric reliability estimates and actual …

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The Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions And Adhd After Accounting For Depression, Anxiety, And Personality Pathology, Amelia Serine Jan 2016

The Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions And Adhd After Accounting For Depression, Anxiety, And Personality Pathology, Amelia Serine

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from numerous difficulties in daily functioning and, unfortunately, the medications that are typically the first-line of treatment do not ameliorate many of these issues. Psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, are increasingly demonstrating effectiveness both in conjunction with medication and as stand-alone treatments for ADHD. It is theorized that some of the problems associated with adult ADHD result from cognitive distortions. Previous studies have identified a preliminary relationship between cognitive distortions and ADHD, but these studies did not measure personality pathology, which might explain part of the findings, given that personality disorders are …

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Oppression, Manifesting From A Government Mission Of Positive Social Change, David Palmer Ramstad Jan 2016

Oppression, Manifesting From A Government Mission Of Positive Social Change, David Palmer Ramstad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Government social interventions hold considerable power over what choices and opportunities impoverished households have available to escape the oppressive socioeconomic trappings of poverty. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service’s Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is one such program. While there are many positive mission statements of social governance, this study focused on the regressive potential for oppressive institutional policies and practices. Theoretical frameworks guiding the study were Pierce’s 1979 model of oppression and Crenshaw’s 1989 intersectionality theory. The quantitative design’s hypothesis and research question focused on whether significant relationships exist between LIHTC project placement and highest concentrations of six commonly …

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The Rise Of Private Actors Along The United States-Mexico Border, James M. Cooper Jan 2016

The Rise Of Private Actors Along The United States-Mexico Border, James M. Cooper

Faculty Scholarship

This Article is about the proliferation of private actors playing a role at the “broken border.” The Introduction of this Article sets out the conceptual framework for the Article and provides the roadmap for each part. Part I examines which private actors and corporations have increased their role at the US-Mexico border. These actors include multinational corporations including Mexican-sited factories (maquiladoras) and US government contractors engaging in national security work, as well as criminal organizations like human smugglers (polleros and coyotes) and drug cartels (narcotraficantes) from the Mexico side, and the border vigilantes, such as the Minutemen and American Border …

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The Systematic Stretching And Contracting Of Ideophonic Phonology In Pastaza Quichua, Joseph A. Stanley, Janis B. Nuckolls, Elizabeth Nielsen, Roseanna Hopper Jan 2016

The Systematic Stretching And Contracting Of Ideophonic Phonology In Pastaza Quichua, Joseph A. Stanley, Janis B. Nuckolls, Elizabeth Nielsen, Roseanna Hopper

Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes systematic differences between sounds used in ideophones and sounds used in the non-ideophonic or “prosaic” lexicon of the Pastaza Quichua language of Amazonian Ecuador. We compare a digitized corpus of vocabulary items with a list of ideophones identified from field observations. We find that if a sound, syllable structure, or stress pattern is distributionally restricted in Pastaza Quichua, it is likely to be normalized and expanded within ideophones. The overall system is also stretched among ideophones by the addition of new sounds to the obstruents. These expansions are complemented by an overall contraction among sonorant sounds within …

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Conflict Resolution Behaviors And The Affect Of Identity Standards And Empowerment Needs On Individuals Using External Augmentative And Alternative Communication Devices, Amy R. Parker Jan 2016

Conflict Resolution Behaviors And The Affect Of Identity Standards And Empowerment Needs On Individuals Using External Augmentative And Alternative Communication Devices, Amy R. Parker

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

Individuals with communication impairments (CI) are at a distinct disadvantage when attempting to interact through more traditional conversational means. Although their intentions may be similar to peers, physical limitations make verbal articulation of thoughts and feelings a more laborious undertaking. For some, the use of external augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has offered an otherwise unavailable communicative opportunity. However, this type of communication requires more of the non-AAC using conversation partner and, unlike traditional forms of communication, may increase the likelihood of miscommunication. Although there is agreement as to the importance of understanding the experience of individuals using external AAC, …

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Tharu Barghar-Mukhiya Indigenous Model: A Case Study Of Tharu Community Of Nepal, Narayan B. Khadka Jan 2016

Tharu Barghar-Mukhiya Indigenous Model: A Case Study Of Tharu Community Of Nepal, Narayan B. Khadka

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

This research explores the indigenous conflict resolution processes practiced by the Tharu community living in Nepal’s Bara, Dang and Bardiya districts, the role of Tharu traditions and customs, and the function of the Barghar-Mukhiya. Due to geographic and monetary challenges experienced by the Tharu accessing Nepal’s formal justice system, they continue to serve as a viable and vibrant vehicle for resolving minor and major conflicts at the community level and form the basis of researcher’s Barghar-Mukhiya model. Shaped by Tharu collectivist culture and traditions, it supports the social fabric of the community. Utilizing qualitative case study methodology, this research assesses …

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Deconstructing Public Discourse On Undocumented Immigration In The United States In The Twenty First Century, Kwadjo Owusu-Sarfo Jan 2016

Deconstructing Public Discourse On Undocumented Immigration In The United States In The Twenty First Century, Kwadjo Owusu-Sarfo

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

As the United States prepares to elect a new president, immigration continues to be one of the most controversial topics on the national agenda. While Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump announced his candidacy for president with the intent to build a wall along the border with Mexico, the Democratic presidential candidate, Hillary Clinton, has opted, instead to push for comprehensive immigration reform. The difference in approach is symptomatic of the divisiveness within the immigration debate. To explore this divide in depth, the dissertation’s research question is: What does the discourse on undocumented immigration in the United States in the 2000s …

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Unshackled: A Phenomenological Study Of The Effects Of Holistic Conflict Resolution Training On Inmate Self-Efficacy, Christina R. Wilson Jan 2016

Unshackled: A Phenomenological Study Of The Effects Of Holistic Conflict Resolution Training On Inmate Self-Efficacy, Christina R. Wilson

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

American prisons are overflowing with inmates exacting an incalculable human and moral cost on inmates, their families, and society. A central theme in criminality is the inability to deal with conflict and the affiliated emotions in an appropriate manner. Further, problem-solving, communication, and consequential thinking skills are lacking in the lives of many inmates due to lack of proper role models, lack of skills, and lack of expectations. Focusing on inmate education is one of the most effective forms of crime prevention according to leading criminological theorists. This phenomenological study was an assessment of a ten-session, holistic conflict resolution course …

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Development Of A Definition And Measure For The Study Of Violent Mass Victimization, Mindy Weller Jan 2016

Development Of A Definition And Measure For The Study Of Violent Mass Victimization, Mindy Weller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For decades there has been a growing body of literature and research on the topic of mass murder with no attention paid to incidents of mass violence whose death toll falls just short of the minimum three body requirement. The purpose of this study is to address this gap and develop a valid and reliable definitional measure for the future study of violent mass victimization events. A mixed methods approach was employed and consisted of assessing 1,118 news articles collected from 42 U.S. states for the years of 2009 through 2012. These articles were collapsed into a sample size of …

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The Attitude-Engagement Model Within-Persons: An Experience Sampling Study Of Job Attitudes And Behavioral Engagement, David Glerum Jan 2016

The Attitude-Engagement Model Within-Persons: An Experience Sampling Study Of Job Attitudes And Behavioral Engagement, David Glerum

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although a large body of research has attempted to answer the question, "Is a happy worker a more productive worker?" by examining the relationship between job attitudes and behaviors, results are often inconsistent. Drawing upon Fishbein and Ajzen's (1974) compatibility principle as well as theory on job attitude change and dynamic performance, the current study sought to answer this question by examining the attitudes-performance relationship at the within-persons level of analysis. Specifically, an Attitude-Engagement Model that specifies a broad conceptualization of job attitudes and behavioral engagement should exhibit the strongest relationship between job attitudes and job behaviors (Harrison, Newman, & …

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Attentional Flexibility And Memory Capacity In Conductors And Pianists, Andrea R. Halpern, Clemens Wöllner Jan 2016

Attentional Flexibility And Memory Capacity In Conductors And Pianists, Andrea R. Halpern, Clemens Wöllner

Faculty Journal Articles

Individuals with high working memory (WM) capacity also tend to have better selective and divided attention. Although both capacities are essential for skilled performance in many areas, evidence for potential training and expertise effects is scarce. We investigated the attentional flexibility of musical conductors by comparing them to equivalently trained pianists. Conductors must focus their attention both on individual instruments and on larger sections of different instruments. We studied students and professionals in both domains to assess the contributions of age and training to these skills. Participants completed WM span tests for auditory and visual (notated) pitches and timing durations, …

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Does Skin Color, Facial Shape, And Facial Width To Height Ratio (Fwhr) Play A Role In Black Male Facial Evaluation, T. Joel Wade Jan 2016

Does Skin Color, Facial Shape, And Facial Width To Height Ratio (Fwhr) Play A Role In Black Male Facial Evaluation, T. Joel Wade

Faculty Journal Articles

The present research sought to determine how skin color, facial shape, and facial width to height ratio (fWHR) affect ratings of 10 Black male facial shapes. Based on evolutionary theory and prior research, the rectangular, quadratic, inverted trapezium, and pentagonal faces were hypothesized to receive the highest attractiveness, dominance, maturity, masculinity, strength, and social competence ratings. Additionally, faces with higher fWHRs were expected to receive higher dominance, strength, and masculinity ratings. Smaller, round or oval faces were hypothesized to receive highest warmth ratings. The results were partially consistent with these hypotheses. The examination of the effect of skin color was …

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Sex And The Perceived Effectiveness Of Flirtation Techniques, T. Joel Wade, Andrea Feldman Jan 2016

Sex And The Perceived Effectiveness Of Flirtation Techniques, T. Joel Wade, Andrea Feldman

Faculty Journal Articles

Three studies were implemented in order to ascertain how men and women flirt with potential partners, and whether or not there are sex differences in which flirtatious actions are considered most effective. Study 1 (n = 40) and Study 2 (n = 60) sought to discover the actions that men and women, respectively, engage in to indicate romantic interest to a partner. Study 3 (n = 126) sought to determine which flirtatious acts from women and men are perceived as most effective. Men were expected to rate women’s flirtations that suggest sexual access as most effective and women were expected …

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Are Hispanics Discriminated Against In The Us Criminal Justice System?, Maria A. Eijo De Tezanos Pinto Jan 2016

Are Hispanics Discriminated Against In The Us Criminal Justice System?, Maria A. Eijo De Tezanos Pinto

Graduate Research Posters

Recent publications have contributed to increase the perception among Hispanics of an unfair and unequal treatment of this community by the US Criminal Justice System. One of the major concerns was the claim that Hispanics are incarcerated before conviction nearly twice as often as Whites. Unfair treatment perception by the population reduces legitimacy of police and government, and thus, it is imperative to analyze these uninvestigated allegations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to address said allegations of discrimination against Hispanics and analyze with updated and reliable statistics whether Hispanics are incarcerated before conviction more often than Whites. There …

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Gender, Guns, And Survival: The Women Of The Walking Dead, Amanda R. Keeler Jan 2016

Gender, Guns, And Survival: The Women Of The Walking Dead, Amanda R. Keeler

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Farmed And Dangerous? A Case Study Of Chipotle’S Branded Entertainment Series And Polarized Reactions To Its Satirical Depiction Of Farming And Agribusiness, Nathan Gilkerson, Rebecca Swenson, Betsy Anderson Jan 2016

Farmed And Dangerous? A Case Study Of Chipotle’S Branded Entertainment Series And Polarized Reactions To Its Satirical Depiction Of Farming And Agribusiness, Nathan Gilkerson, Rebecca Swenson, Betsy Anderson

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

This study follows Chipotle’s innovative strategy of using branded entertainment and satire to enhance its brand image and positive consumer perceptions, while negatively portraying an entire industry. The study explores audience reactions to Chipotle’s satirical Farmed and Dangerous program, part of the company’s broader “Food with Integrity” campaign. Increasing agricultural literacy and understanding among the general public is a priority (Doerfert, 2011). Yet marketing communication campaigns—and responses or reactions to those campaigns—that simplify issues into distinct “sides,” or focus on attacks, prevent deep discussion of the complexity of our food system and efforts to collaborate on solutions. Research presented uses …

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Income And Physical Activity Choices: A Comparison Between United States And China, Xiaowen Hu Jan 2016

Income And Physical Activity Choices: A Comparison Between United States And China, Xiaowen Hu

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

The low income population often appears to make poor health choices, including physical activity deficiency. Since outdoor physical activity does not have to be monetarily costly, one explanation for this phenomenon is related to the idea of time preference. Briefly, the benefit of future good health appears to be valued less by those with low income, and they face a choice between consumption today and better health in the future. The objective of this study is to further investigate the determinants of participation in physical activity with an emphasis on the effect of annual household income. This dissertation consists of …

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