Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Through Google-Colored Glass(Es): Design, Emotion, Class, And Wearables As Commodity And Control, Safiya Umoja Noble, Sarah T. Roberts

Media Studies Publications

This chapter discusses the implications of wearable technologies like Google Glass that function as a tool for occupying, commodifying, and profiting from the bio- logical, psychological, and emotional data of its wearers and those who fall within its gaze. We argue that Google Glass privileges an imaginary of unbridled exploration and intrusion into the physical and emotional space of others. Glass’s recognizable esthetic and outward-facing camera has elicited intense emotional response, partic- ularly when “exploration” has taken place in areas of San Francisco occupied by residents who were finding themselves priced out or evicted from their homes to make way …

Digital Refuse: Canadian Garbage, Commercial Content Moderation And The Global Circulation Of Social Media’S Waste, Sarah T. Roberts

Media Studies Publications

The story of a rogue Canadian garbage barge attempting to offload illegal garbage in the Philippines opens this article on techno-trash, in order to underline both the relationships between countries of the Global North with countries of the Global South in matters of waste, as well as to reframe discussions of techno-trash as one fundamentally tied to material things. The definition of techno-trash is then expanded, to cover digital detritus created through an entirely digital set of practices I term “Commercial Content Moderation.” The attempt to offload mounds of e-waste and the similar ways in which a great deal of …

In/Visibility, Sarah T. Roberts

Media Studies Publications

In online life there is a normative supposition that the information- and image-rich environment of the web and other platforms should provide unfettered access to the circulation of all types of content. Less attention is paid to what is not seen, to the invisible—be it actual content that is rescinded, altered or removed, or the opaque decision-making processes that maintain its flow. In/visibility online is central to the intertwined functions/mechanisms of user experience and platform control, further operationalized under globalized, technologically driven capitalism. A digital labour phenomenon that is both responsible for it and relies upon it: is …

Visual Acceleration Perception For Simple And Complex Motion Patterns., Alexandra S Mueller, Brian Timney

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Humans are able to judge whether a target is accelerating in many viewing contexts, but it is an open question how the motion pattern per se affects visual acceleration perception. We measured acceleration and deceleration detection using patterns of random dots with horizontal (simpler) or radial motion (more visually complex). The results suggest that we detect acceleration better when viewing radial optic flow than horizontal translation. However, the direction within each type of pattern has no effect on performance and observers detect acceleration and deceleration similarly within each condition. We conclude that sensitivity to the presence of acceleration is generally …

Structural Brain Injury In Patients With Disorders Of Consciousness: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study., Pieter Guldenmund, Andrea Soddu, Katherine Baquero, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Olivia Gosseries, Steven Laureys, Francisco Gómez

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

MAIN OBJECTIVE: Disorders of consciousness (DOC; encompassing coma, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) and minimally conscious state minus/plus (MCS-/+)) are associated with structural brain injury. The extent of this damage remains poorly understood and merits a detailed examination using novel analysis techniques. Research design/methods and procedures: This study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) on structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 61 patients with DOC to examine grey and white matter injury associated with DOC, time spent in DOC, aetiology and diagnosis.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: DOC and time spent in DOC were found to be associated with widespread structural brain injury, …

Correlation Between Resting State Fmri Total Neuronal Activity And Pet Metabolism In Healthy Controls And Patients With Disorders Of Consciousness., Andrea Soddu, Francisco Gómez, Lizette Heine, Carol Di Perri, Mohamed Ali Bahri, Henning U Voss, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Christophe Phillips, Athena Demertzi, Camille Chatelle, Jessica Schrouff, Aurore Thibaut, Vanessa Charland-Verville, Quentin Noirhomme, Eric Salmon, Jean-Flory Luaba Tshibanda, Nicholas D Schiff, Steven Laureys

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

INTRODUCTION: The mildly invasive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a well-established imaging technique to measure 'resting state' cerebral metabolism. This technique made it possible to assess changes in metabolic activity in clinical applications, such as the study of severe brain injury and disorders of consciousness.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the possibility of creating functional MRI activity maps, which could estimate the relative levels of activity in FDG-PET cerebral metabolic maps. If no metabolic absolute measures can be extracted, our approach may still be of clinical use in centers without access to FDG-PET. It also overcomes the problem of recognizing individual …

Microglia And Neurons In The Hippocampus Of Migratory Sandpipers., C G Diniz, N G M Magalhães, A A Sousa, C Santos Filho, D G Diniz, C M Lima, M A Oliveira, D C Paulo, P D C Pereira, D F Sherry, C W Picanço-Diniz

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla and the spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia are long- and short-distance migrants, respectively. C. pusilla breeds in the sub-arctic and mid-arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska and winters on the north and east coasts of South America. A. macularia breeds in a broad distribution across most of North America from the treeline to the southern United States. It winters in the southern United States, and Central and South America. The autumn migration route of C. pusilla includes a non-stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean, whereas autumn route of A. macularia is largely over land. Because of …

Context-Dependent Egr1 Expression In The Avian Hippocampus., Stephanie L Grella, Mélanie F Guigueno, David J White, David F Sherry, Diano F Marrone

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

In mammals, episodic memory and spatial cognition involve context-specific recruitment of unique ensembles in the hippocampal formation (HF). Despite their capacity for sophisticated spatial (e.g., for migration) and episodic-like (e.g., for food-caching) memory, the mechanisms underlying contextual representation in birds is not well understood. Here we demonstrate environment-specific Egr1 expression as male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) navigate environments for food reward, showing that the avian HF, like its mammalian counterpart, recruits distinct neuronal ensembles to represent different contexts.

Distinct Visual Processing Of Real Objects And Pictures Of Those Objects In 7- To 9-Month-Old Infants., Theresa M Gerhard, Jody C Culham, Gudrun Schwarzer

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The present study examined 7- and 9-month-old infants' visual habituation to real objects and pictures of the same objects and their preferences between real and pictorial versions of the same objects following habituation. Different hypotheses would predict that infants may habituate faster to pictures than real objects (based on proposed theoretical links between behavioral habituation in infants and neuroimaging adaptation in adults) or to real objects vs. pictures (based on past infant electrophysiology data). Sixty-one 7-month-old infants and fifty-nine 9-month-old infants were habituated to either a real object or a picture of the same object and afterward preference tested with …

Equal-Magnitude Size-Weight Illusions Experienced Within And Between Object Categories., Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn A Goodale, Justin A White, David A Westwood

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

In the size-weight illusion (SWI), small objects feel heavier than larger objects of the same mass. This effect is typically thought to be a consequence of the lifter's expectation that the large object will outweigh the small object, because objects of the same type typically get heavier as they get larger. Here, we show that this perceptual effect can occur across object category, where there are no strong expectations about the correspondence between size and mass. One group of participants lifted same-colored large and small cubes with the same mass as one another, while another group lifted differently-colored large and …

Working Memory Training And Speech In Noise Comprehension In Older Adults., Rachel V Wayne, Cheryl Hamilton, Julia Jones Huyck, Ingrid S Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Understanding speech in the presence of background sound can be challenging for older adults. Speech comprehension in noise appears to depend on working memory and executive-control processes (e.g., Heald and Nusbaum, 2014), and their augmentation through training may have rehabilitative potential for age-related hearing loss. We examined the efficacy of adaptive working-memory training (Cogmed; Klingberg et al., 2002) in 24 older adults, assessing generalization to other working-memory tasks (near-transfer) and to other cognitive domains (far-transfer) using a cognitive test battery, including the Reading Span test, sensitive to working memory (e.g., Daneman and Carpenter, 1980). We also assessed far transfer to …

Medial Prefrontal And Anterior Insular Connectivity In Early Schizophrenia And Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting Functional Mri Evaluation Of Large-Scale Brain Network Models., Jacob Penner, Kristen A Ford, Reggie Taylor, Betsy Schaefer, Jean Théberge, Richard W J Neufeld, Elizabeth A Osuch, Ravi S Menon, Nagalingam Rajakumar, John M Allman, Peter C Williamson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Anomalies in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insulae, and large-scale brain networks associated with them have been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we examined the connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortices and anterior insulae in 24 healthy controls, 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 24 patients with MDD early in illness with seed-based resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using Statistical Probability Mapping. As hypothesized, reduced connectivity was found between the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other nodes associated with directed effort in patients with …

2016-6 Managing Risk Taking With Interest Rate Policy And Macroprudential Regulations, Simona E. Cociuba, Malik Shukayev, Alexander Ueberfeldt

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

2016-5 The Category Of Node-And-Choice Forms For Extensive-Form Games, Peter A. Streufert

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

2016-4 Economic Ideas, The Monetary Order And The Uneasy Case For Policy Rules, David Laidler

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

2016-3 Random Categorization And Bounded Rationality, Victor H. Aguiar

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

2016-2 The Category Of Node-And-Choice Preforms For Extensive-Form Games, Peter A. Streufert

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

2016-1 The Gini Coefficient And Personal Inequality Measurement, James B. Davies

Department of Economics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Repetitive Behavior In Children With Down Syndrome: Functional Analysis And Intervention, Nicole Neil, Emily A. Jones

Education Publications

Children with Down syndrome frequently display repetitive behavior including unusual routines, rituals, and stereotypy. Literature on intervention for repetitive behavior in individuals with Down syndrome frequently includes aversive procedures and interventions not informed by functional assessments. We used an analogue functional analysis to evaluate reinforcers maintaining repetitive behavior in 3 children with Down syndrome. Following identification of automatic functions, we used an ABAB design and a multiple-baseline design to demonstrate the effectiveness of differential reinforcement of other behavior in reducing repetitive behavior. DRO was effective in decreasing repetitive behavior and, for one participant, repetitive behavior remained low at 1, 2, …

Direct And Indirect Forms Of Childhood Maltreatment And Nonsuicidal-Self-Injury Among Clinically-Referred Children And Youth, Jenna Armiento, Cloe Hamza, Shannon Stewart, Alan Leschied

Education Publications

Importance: Although exposure to direct forms of childhood maltreatment is among the most widely studied risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), research on NSSI has largely neglected the role of exposure to indirect forms of child maltreatment (i.e., exposure to intimate partner violence).

Objective: To address this gap in the literature, the present study examined associations among both direct and indirect forms of maltreatment and NSSI among clinically referred children and youth. It was expected that exposure to both forms of maltreatment would be associated with increased risk for NSSI engagement.

Design: Data was collected from September 2014 – August …

Questioning The Global Scaling Up Of Low-Fee Private Schooling: The Nexus Between Business, Philanthropy And Ppps, Prachi Srivastava

Education Publications

No abstract provided.

The Benefits Of Balance: Credibility, The Rule Of Law, And Investment In Latin America, Michael Touchton

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research surrounding political institutions and credible commitment to the rule of law is integral to recent efforts to tie democracy to economic development. I identify the determinants of rule-of-law perceptions in Latin America and argue that constraining elected officials facilitates a commitment to democracy that makes government policies credible. I also argue that aspects of politics leading to deadlock might have a hidden upside in generating policy credibility. I test my arguments against pooled cross-sectional, time series data for twenty Latin American countries between 1996 and 2012. Ultimately, my research demonstrates the benefits of functioning checks and balances among elected …

Survey Of Classification And Organization Of Videorecordings, Barbara J. Bergman, Jessica Schomberg, Dorie Kurtz

Library Services Publications

Libraries have long struggled with the question of how to best classify and enable access to videorecordings. While giving a presentation at a state library conference, the authors observed from comments during the question and answer portion of the presentation that the libraries represented in the audience use a variety of video classification and organization practices. To better understand how local practices and librarians’ attitudes regarding the efficacy of these practices vary, we conducted a survey soliciting responses from librarians representing a broad array of library types.

Evaluation Of Financial Trends And Fundraising Program Of Stap, Jay Mcmahon

Capstone Projects 2015-Present

Every non-profit organization faces challenges with funding. This project examines fundraising trends and threats facing the Southern Tier AIDS Program (STAP). The project began out of concerns about the impact changes in Medicaid legacy rates and Governor Cuomo’s plan for the end of AIDS 2020. Government grants and Medicaid are the largest revenue streams for the organization, changes in these streams could have a devastating impact on the organization. Along with identifying the impact of the funding changes I will evaluate the current fundraising programs and make recommendations based on the past trends and projections of the impact of funding …

The Experience Of Being Unsheltered In Atlantaikeranda, Ikeranda Smith

2010-2016 Archived Posters

This study was an examination of the experiences of unsheltered homeless men with social services providers, and faith as a resource for coping. The themes that emerged were difficulties and complexities of being unsheltered, barriers to becoming sheltered, specific needs of unsheltered men, and how faith sustains and encouraged the unsheltered.

Using Multi-Theory Model For Physical Activity Behavior Change, Manoj Sharma

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Physical inactivity is a major public health problem. College students are a vulnerable group. This study was aimed at using multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change to predict physical activity behavior change in college students. Regression revealed that 26% of the variance in the initiation of physical activity was explained by advantages outweighing disadvantages, behavioral confidence, work status, and changes in physical environment. About 30% of the variance in sustenance of physical activity was explained by emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in social environment.

Lived Experiences Of Women Over 50 Who Have Experienced Involuntary Job Loss, Roxine D. Phillips

2010-2016 Archived Posters

This study explored the lived experiences of women over 50 following job loss. Findings indicate women experienced financial, emotional and psychosocial experiences. Age discrimination, organizational practices, technological challenges, and stereotypical beliefs emerged as barriers to reemployment. Organizational leaders and policy makers can use the findings to gain a greater understanding of the experiences of women over 50 following job loss.

Tribal Gaming Leader Strategies Toward A Sustainable Future, Janie A. Hall

2010-2016 Archived Posters

One aspect of leadership strategy is the need to account for the core values of the organization. The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of tribal gaming leader strategies toward sustainability, an action that leads to tribal economic development and stability. This research explored the strategies necessary for tribal gaming leader choices that could have a significant influence on social progress, environmental protection, and economic growth.

Examining The Credibility And Influence Of Agile Leadership Blogs On Transformation, Gail Ferreira

2010-2016 Archived Posters

The use of online sources for decision information continues to grow among consumers. One of these sources is the blog, a venue for user-generated content that simulates word-of-mouth communication. The growth and influence of blogs create opportunities for marketers to use them as part of strategy development. To facilitate an understanding of blogs and their potential influence on consumers‘ decisions, this study was an examination of the influence of the credibility of blogs on blog readers‘ behavioral intentions (e.g., agile transformation), as mediated by trust and moderated by involvement. The appraisal of blog credibility was characterized as tri-dimensional – assessed …

Succession Planning Strategies Of Faith-Based, Nonprofit Leaders Of The Boomer Generation, Leigh Byers

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Succession planning for retiring Baby Boomer generation of leaders in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) is limited. Transferring their knowledge and experience mitigates the effects of the departure to organizational sustainability and mission. Using the conceptual framework of knowledge transfer, this study supplies a description of succession planning strategies used in 3 faith-based organizations. An inductive analysis of the data revealed that (a) key leaders were the initiators for succession planning, (b) boards of directors were critical to the process, and (c) leadership transition required preparation and regularly reviewed policies.