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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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2014

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Articles 8491 - 8520 of 18484

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Trust In Government Versus Fear Of Crime As Predictors Of Support For Authoritarian Policies In Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study, Clímaco David Cañarte Gutiérrez May 2014

Trust In Government Versus Fear Of Crime As Predictors Of Support For Authoritarian Policies In Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study, Clímaco David Cañarte Gutiérrez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Individuals interacting in an environment that exacerbates fear of crime and general distrust may face erosion of democratic values and perceive authoritarian policies as a solution to restore order. In Latin America historical widespread distrust in the government apparatus as well as fear of crime, have always been a topic of interest, not only for sociologists but also for political scientists and lawmakers. This study uses the LAPOP wave 2012 (Latin American Public Opinion) survey to assess Ecuadorians’ perceptions about trust in the government and fear of crime as predictors of support for authoritarian policies (mano dura). Logistic regressions …

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Role Of The Ventral Tegmental Area And Ventral Tegmental Area Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In The Incentive Amplifying Effect Of Nicotine, Ashley B. Sheppard May 2014

Role Of The Ventral Tegmental Area And Ventral Tegmental Area Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In The Incentive Amplifying Effect Of Nicotine, Ashley B. Sheppard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nicotine has multiple behavioral effects as a result of its action in the central nervous system. Nicotine strengthens the behaviors that lead to nicotine administration (primary reinforcement), and this effect of nicotine depends on mesotelencephalic systems of the brain that are critical to goal directed behavior, reward, and reinforcement. Nicotine also serves as a ‘reinforcement enhancer’ – drug administration enhances behaviors that lead to other drug and nondrug reinforcers. Although the reinforcement enhancing effects of nicotine may promote tobacco use in the face of associated negative health outcomes, the neuroanatomical systems that mediate this effect of nicotine have never been …

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Femininity, Pinterest, And The Appropriation Of Jane Austen, Jordan S. Powers May 2014

Femininity, Pinterest, And The Appropriation Of Jane Austen, Jordan S. Powers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This analysis is an examination of the use of Jane Austen quotes on the social networking site Pinterest in order to explore the messages disseminated by the dismantling of Austen’s works. Austen’s novels contain subtle feminist ideals that empower women to find their own unique paths. Pinterest has a large female following and the messages created and shared by women hold importance because they highlight salient values and ideas. The quotes collected were analyzed using a feminist rhetorical method. Questions of whether women were empowered outside the private sphere and encouraged to engage in independent thought guided the analysis. Findings …

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Spreading The Char: The Importance Of Local Compatibility In The Diffusion Of Biochar Systems To The Smallholder Agriculture Community Context, Laura C. V. Munoz May 2014

Spreading The Char: The Importance Of Local Compatibility In The Diffusion Of Biochar Systems To The Smallholder Agriculture Community Context, Laura C. V. Munoz

Pomona Senior Theses

This thesis enters the context of smallholder agriculture communities in the developing world. It explores the potentials of biochar and what biochar systems could bring to the smallholder communities while simultaneously bringing environmental benefits. It then acknowledges the challenges of diffusion –the spreading of an unfamiliar innovation. It seeks to answer the question of what will make diffusion of biochar systems more successful in the smallholder context, fixating on the characteristic of compatibility as well as the role local community members can play in making a new biochar system more visible to the rest of the communities.

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Fish And Fruit For Food Justice Success, Nickelle A. Raschick May 2014

Fish And Fruit For Food Justice Success, Nickelle A. Raschick

Pomona Senior Theses

Given the critical role of food justice organizations in providing for the 49 million Americans who live in food insecure households, one of the most important questions that can be answered today is what determines the success of such an organization. This paper analyzes case studies from Sitka, AK and Portland, OR, aiming to communicate a better understanding of which factors result in an organization’s success and which factors lead it to failure. That information is used to establish guidelines that other organizations seeking to be relevant contributors to the food justice movement can follow. Ultimately, my research discovers that …

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Government Clean Air Regulations And Tesla Motors, John B. Wills May 2014

Government Clean Air Regulations And Tesla Motors, John B. Wills

Master's Projects

No abstract provided.

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Motivational Interviewing At The Intersections Of Depression And Intimate Partner Violence Among African American Women, Stéphanie Wahab, Jammie Trimble, Angie Mejia, S. Renee Mitchell, Mary Jo Thomas, Vanessa Timmons, A. Star Waters, Dora Raymaker, Christina Nicolaidis May 2014

Motivational Interviewing At The Intersections Of Depression And Intimate Partner Violence Among African American Women, Stéphanie Wahab, Jammie Trimble, Angie Mejia, S. Renee Mitchell, Mary Jo Thomas, Vanessa Timmons, A. Star Waters, Dora Raymaker, Christina Nicolaidis

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article focuses on design, training, and delivery of a culturally-tailored, multi-faceted intervention which used motivational interviewing (MI) and case management to reduce depression severity among African American survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). We present the details of the intervention and discuss its implementation as a means of creating and providing culturally appropriate depression and violence services to African American women. We used a CBPR approach to develop and evaluate the multi-faceted intervention. As part of the evaluation, we collected process measures about the use of MI, assessed MI fidelity, and interviewed participants about their experiences with the program.

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Simecs, Ithaca Hours, Berkshares, Bitcoins And Walmarts, Martin Shubik May 2014

Simecs, Ithaca Hours, Berkshares, Bitcoins And Walmarts, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The practical and theoretical meaning of the rise and fall of new local and virtual currencies suggest that two basic theories of money both have their validity and reasons for coexistence. The drive for increasing efficiency in the payment mechanisms is in full swing and still presents many opportunities for improvement.

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Understanding The Role Of Trust In Cooperation With Natural Resources Institutions, Joseph A. Hamm May 2014

Understanding The Role Of Trust In Cooperation With Natural Resources Institutions, Joseph A. Hamm

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation investigates the role of trust in predicting cooperation with a natural resources management institution. It begins with an exploration of the legal landscape against which the relationship between land owners and natural resources management institutions is contextualized, presents a review of the often ostensibly disparate trust literature and a framework for its integration, and proposes and tests a model of trust and cooperation in the natural resources context. The results provide mixed support for the model as proposed but confirm the importance of trust in this context and suggest implications for policy, especially the potential importance of increasing …

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Single Mothers And Religiosity, Natalie J. Sheets May 2014

Single Mothers And Religiosity, Natalie J. Sheets

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examines single mothers compared to coupled mothers and the differences in their public and private practices of religiosity. Data come from the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 2007 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. The study explores the influence of marital status between single and coupled mothers by using regression models to control for income, age, education, and race. Findings suggest that, while there are differences in single and coupled mothers in both their public and private practices of religiosity, the cause of these differences is being driven by other social factors rather than marital status alone. Income, …

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Not Dead At All, Martin Becerra May 2014

Not Dead At All, Martin Becerra

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Not Dead At All is a nontraditional thesis, a creative product, the result of a combination of media production and social research. This paper is an attempt to explain the creative and production process behind the creation of an original media content, using the social research as a tool to increase the likeability of our characters and therefore increase the show’s chances of success.

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Media, Publicity, And Fashion: The Michelle Obama Effect A Content Analysis Of News Around The World, Temitope M. Fancy May 2014

Media, Publicity, And Fashion: The Michelle Obama Effect A Content Analysis Of News Around The World, Temitope M. Fancy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study is a content analysis of media content in a 12-month time period in the lives of Jason Wu and Thom Browne, who were the designers of Michelle Obama’s outfit to the second presidential inauguration. In order to discover the increase in awareness and media coverage of these designers due to Michelle Obama’s fashion selection during the second inauguration, which brought about publicity, the researcher compared mentions, tone of stories, and framing of stories concerning these designers 6 months before and after the inauguration. Results indeed gave support to the hypothesis that mentions of these designers increased significantly after …

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Understanding The Motivations To Attend The Blue Ridge Gay Pride Festival In Asheville, North Carolina, Denise Adams May 2014

Understanding The Motivations To Attend The Blue Ridge Gay Pride Festival In Asheville, North Carolina, Denise Adams

All Theses

Local festivals and events are important tourist resources for a destination. They enhance economic benefits of the host area, improve the sense of community, and provide unique experiences to residents and tourists (Getz, 1997). Economically, tourism itself is recognized as the largest export earner in the world and an important provider of monetary exchange and employment, and over the last decades has sustained growth and increased diversification of product offerings (WTO, 2004). With this broadening of the market, various niches have emerged within the tourism sector including gay tourism. Gay consumers are deemed to be of special interest for the …

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Parent Vs. Teacher Ratings Of Children’S Shyness As Predictors Of Language And Attention Skills, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Amanda Prokasky, Xiaoqing Tu, Scott R. Frohn, Kate Sirota, Victoria J. Molfese May 2014

Parent Vs. Teacher Ratings Of Children’S Shyness As Predictors Of Language And Attention Skills, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Amanda Prokasky, Xiaoqing Tu, Scott R. Frohn, Kate Sirota, Victoria J. Molfese

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Shyness in childhood has been linked to multiple adjustment outcomes, including poor peer relations, internalizing problems, and clinical anxiety. However, shyness does not consistently emerge as a negative predictor of children’s success. This incongruity may stem, in part, from variations in the operationalization and measurement of shyness in different studies. Researchers often combine parent and teacher ratings of shyness, but correlations between parent and teacher reports are consistently small to medium. The purpose of this study is to examine parent and teacher ratings of shyness as they predict language and attention skills in preschool children, and explore discrepancies between parent …

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Closing The Gap: Serving Nursing Students On A Separate Campus, Anne Linton, Laura E. Abate, Elaine Sullo, Steven W. Brown May 2014

Closing The Gap: Serving Nursing Students On A Separate Campus, Anne Linton, Laura E. Abate, Elaine Sullo, Steven W. Brown

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Yoga, Spaghetti Squash, Art Collages And Shooting Hoops? Building Sound Minds And Healthy Bodies In The Library, Alexandra Gomes, Gisela Butera, Laura E. Abate, Julie Silverman, Yvonne Lee May 2014

Yoga, Spaghetti Squash, Art Collages And Shooting Hoops? Building Sound Minds And Healthy Bodies In The Library, Alexandra Gomes, Gisela Butera, Laura E. Abate, Julie Silverman, Yvonne Lee

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

Recognizing that while students are learning to care for others, they are often taking poor care of themselves, librarians launched a Healthy Living initiative in the fall of 2012. Focusing on diet/nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction, the initiative included new collections and multiple activities with partners from both on- and off-campus.

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Re-Building Our Collection: A Data & Department-Driven Approach To Monograph Assessment, George P. Paul, Yvonne Lee, Jolinda Thompson, Laura E. Abate, Julie Silverman, Anne Linton May 2014

Re-Building Our Collection: A Data & Department-Driven Approach To Monograph Assessment, George P. Paul, Yvonne Lee, Jolinda Thompson, Laura E. Abate, Julie Silverman, Anne Linton

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Sidestepping Equity? A Case Study On The Provision And Quality Of Sidewalks In Fremont, California, Joel Manning May 2014

Sidestepping Equity? A Case Study On The Provision And Quality Of Sidewalks In Fremont, California, Joel Manning

Master's Projects

An overview of the history and scope of pedestrian policy at the federal, state, regional, and local levels followed by an investigation into existing conditions in the San Francisco Bay Area suburb of Fremont, California. Findings and possible implications for the Metropolitan Transportation Commission and the City of Fremont are discussed and several modest policy recommendations are made.

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California Graffiti Removal Programs: Benchmarking San José’S Graffiti Abatement Program Against Best Practices In The Cities Of Long Beach, San Diego, And Santa Ana, Samantha Silva Tavares May 2014

California Graffiti Removal Programs: Benchmarking San José’S Graffiti Abatement Program Against Best Practices In The Cities Of Long Beach, San Diego, And Santa Ana, Samantha Silva Tavares

Master's Projects

No abstract provided.

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The Impact Of Serotonin And Dopamine On Human Aggression: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Caroline Isabelle Jalain May 2014

The Impact Of Serotonin And Dopamine On Human Aggression: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Caroline Isabelle Jalain

Master's Theses

Aggressive behaviors can have serious impacts on both the population at-large and the criminal justice system (Fish, DeBold, & Miczek, 2002); but despite these potential repercussions, no adequate treatment options have been identified to prevent (or reduce) such consequential actions. An increasing amount of research has, however, developed (over the years) in response to these treatment needs. Recently, the disciplines of neurobiology and neuropsychology have discovered specific anti-aggressive treatments. Studies on the prefrontal cortex specifically reveal that certain areas of the brain, along with an array of chemical imbalances, are related to aggressive behavior (Barrett, Edinger, & Siegel, 1990). Specifically, …

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U.S. Relationships With Iran, Israel, And Pakistan: A Realist Explanation, Aaron Daniel Coates May 2014

U.S. Relationships With Iran, Israel, And Pakistan: A Realist Explanation, Aaron Daniel Coates

Master's Theses

The purpose of this work is to assess U.S. relations with Iran, Israel, and Pakistan throughout the Cold War into the contemporary age of Islamic extremism. It demonstrates how the international relations theory of realism is most applicable to these relations when compared to the four competing theories of neorealism, liberalism, neoliberal institutionalism, and constructivism. Each case study is examined and evaluated in full detail. Particular emphasis is allotted to variables such as foreign aid, interventionism, sanctions, geography, and political and cultural similarities. The thesis concludes by offering a brief explanation as to the lessons that should be learned from …

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A Paleopathological Analysis Of The Moran French Colonial Cemetery, Jennifer Lynn Funkhouser May 2014

A Paleopathological Analysis Of The Moran French Colonial Cemetery, Jennifer Lynn Funkhouser

Master's Theses

This research examines the health experiences of early eighteenth-century European immigrants to the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Most were low-status individuals forcibly expulsed from France and brought to Biloxi to colonize Louisiana. Historical records report the immigration effort was poorly provisioned and that large numbers died from malnutrition and disease soon after arrival. The remains of 30 adults, presumably colonists from this period based on collagen dating and grave goods, have been recovered at the Moran site (22HR511). DNA analysis (n = 8) suggests all are European. Most are males, and only one lived past age 40. Estimated mean height is …

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Assessing Landscape Change In Highland Peru With An Emphasis On Tree Cover Change, 1948-2012, Timothy Guy Sutherlin May 2014

Assessing Landscape Change In Highland Peru With An Emphasis On Tree Cover Change, 1948-2012, Timothy Guy Sutherlin

Master's Theses

Tree cover change was examined around three cities in the central Andes of Peru, 1948-2012, using repeat photography, remote sensing, and ethnographic methods. Forest transition theory provided a framework to study the causes of the changes observed. The repeat photography results show that there were more trees on the landscape in 2012 than there were in 1948. There were increases in smaller groupings of trees visible in the photography that were associated with smallholder intensification in the form of new woodlots, field borders and dooryard trees. The remote sensing results show there was a significant increase in larger patches of …

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Succession Planning In Family-Owned Businesses, Alexandra Burns Ma May 2014

Succession Planning In Family-Owned Businesses, Alexandra Burns Ma

All Student Scholarship

This study seeks to gain a better understanding of what the challenges are that family-owned businesses face as they attempt to transfer their business from one generation down to the next. The fact that family-owned businesses contribute significantly to the U. S. economy as well as the fact that they do not typically survive a generational transition make understanding what contributes to a successful transition important.

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Organizational Culture And Generation Cohorts: A Comparative Analysis Between A Public And Private Organization, David A. Morgan May 2014

Organizational Culture And Generation Cohorts: A Comparative Analysis Between A Public And Private Organization, David A. Morgan

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The relationship between organizational culture type and generation cohort values has potential implications for how we understand a workplace environment. The examination of an organization’s culture through the prism of generation cohorts and their corresponding values is the focal point of this research question. Utilizing the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) to measure the current and preferred culture type within an organization, and identifying the generational cohorts whom measure these cultures allow empirical data to establish the relationship between these two variables. By examining these results through a public sector and a private sector organization, the claim that the two …

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Is ‘How’M I Doin’?’ A Universal Question? Unpackaging Cultural Differences In Feedback Seeking, Rana Gaby Moukarzel May 2014

Is ‘How’M I Doin’?’ A Universal Question? Unpackaging Cultural Differences In Feedback Seeking, Rana Gaby Moukarzel

Theses and Dissertations

The feedback literature is based on the premise that given a favorable context and a drive to reduce uncertainties, all individuals should seek self-relevant performance information. However, this framework has only been empirically examined using Western samples and has failed to consider the influence of the broader context, with the exclusion of Sully de Luque and Sommer’s (2000) cultural framework. The purpose of this project was to integrate extant culture theory into the feedback seeking literature for a more comprehensive framework, and a more global understanding of cultural contingencies surrounding the feedback seeking process. Findings revealed the universality of feedback …

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The Effect Of Group Level Factors On Affective Convergence In Teams: An Agent Based Model, Chaunette Marie Small May 2014

The Effect Of Group Level Factors On Affective Convergence In Teams: An Agent Based Model, Chaunette Marie Small

Theses and Dissertations

Previous research supports the idea that affective convergence occurs in teams. The phenomenon of group affect has been well documented, however the group level conditions through which affective convergence emerges has received very little research. The current study helps to fill this gap by using agent-based modeling to examine affective convergence under varying group conditions. Agent-based modeling is a recently developed approach to research that uses the power of computers to model individual level behaviors and examine group level emergent constructs. The current study examined display rule presence, display rule breadth, social influence, interdependence, and team size on affective convergence. …

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Impact Of Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Interactions On Surface Temperature Distribution, Alexis Berg, Benjamin R. Lintner, Kirsten L. Findell, Sergey Malyshev, Paul C. Loikith, Pierre Gentine May 2014

Impact Of Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Interactions On Surface Temperature Distribution, Alexis Berg, Benjamin R. Lintner, Kirsten L. Findell, Sergey Malyshev, Paul C. Loikith, Pierre Gentine

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Understanding how different physical processes can shape the probability distribution function (PDF) of surface temperature, in particular the tails of the distribution, is essential for the attribution and projection of future extreme temperature events. In this study, the contribution of soil moisture–atmosphere interactions to surface temperature PDFs is investigated. Soil moisture represents a key variable in the coupling of the land and atmosphere, since it controls the partitioning of available energy between sensible and latent heat flux at the surface. Consequently, soil moisture variability driven by the atmosphere may feed back onto the near-surface climate—in particular, temperature. In this study, …

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Beyond Satisfaction: Understanding And Promoting The Instructor-Librarian Relationship, Margaret Bausman, Sarah Laleman Ward, John Pell May 2014

Beyond Satisfaction: Understanding And Promoting The Instructor-Librarian Relationship, Margaret Bausman, Sarah Laleman Ward, John Pell

Publications and Research

This article reports upon the assessment and research activities undertaken by a research group of faculty librarians at Hunter College regarding the perceptions, awareness, and usage of library services by non-librarian faculty members. Given the initial directive to measure faculty satisfaction with library services, the research group developed an ongoing action-research protocol to pursue more meaningful assessments of faculty awareness and use of library services and resources. The researchers employed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, gathering data through informal information groups with faculty members and through an online survey measuring faculty awareness of library resources and services (Faculty Awareness of …

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Institutional Repository And Archival Collaborations At Unlv Libraries: Who's In, Who's Out?, Tom D. Sommer May 2014

Institutional Repository And Archival Collaborations At Unlv Libraries: Who's In, Who's Out?, Tom D. Sommer

Library Faculty Presentations

The University Archives has become an integral part of an academic institution. It has met its role as the repository for the rich history of an institution. They have met the challenges of a changing environment at many points in their history. The most recent change being the addition of born-digital materials into their collections. However, there is an opportunity to collaborate with another unit within academic libraries. The introduction and growth of institutional repositories (IR) on college campuses has provided an opportunity for university archives. An IR’s goal is to preserve the intellectual output of an institution. This is …

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