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2014

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Articles 15631 - 15660 of 18483

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Examining The Intersection Of The Cognitive Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Bilingual Brain, Irina Rabkina Jan 2014

Examining The Intersection Of The Cognitive Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Bilingual Brain, Irina Rabkina

Scripps Senior Theses

Two conflicting findings characterize cognitive processing accompanying bilingualism. The “bilingual advantage” refers to improved cognitive performance for bilingual compared to monolingual participants. Most bilingual advantages fall under the umbrella of cognitive control mechanisms, most frequently demonstrated using the Stroop task and the Simon task (e.g., Bialystok, 2008; Coderre, Van Heuven, & Conklin, 2013). The “bilingual disadvantage,” on the other hand, refers to bilinguals’ diminished performance on tasks that require word retrieval or switching between languages. This study examined the intersection of the bilingual advantage and the bilingual disadvantage to investigate whether they stem from a single cognitive control process. The …

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Cultural Factors In Mental Health Referral Among Asian Americans, Ishani Deo Jan 2014

Cultural Factors In Mental Health Referral Among Asian Americans, Ishani Deo

Scripps Senior Theses

Epidemiological studies have shown that disparities in mental health service utilization still exist among ethnic minority groups in the United States. This study looks specifically at the lay referral system and what factors influence the likelihood of an individual referring a friend to mental health services. Since college student populations have fewer barriers than most to seeking treatment, 60 Asian American and 49 White American college students were sampled for the purposes of this study. They evaluated one of four vignettes in which cultural competency of the potential therapist and type of symptoms being presented were manipulated. Though there was …

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Discourses Of Menstruation: Public And Private Formations Of Female Identity, Emily G. Matteson Jan 2014

Discourses Of Menstruation: Public And Private Formations Of Female Identity, Emily G. Matteson

Scripps Senior Theses

Menstruation is a biological process, but it is also laden with cultrual meanings that produce society's understandings of both the body and "womanhood." The experiences of those who menstruate both reveal and inform the ways that culture mediates the relationships between biology, the body, sex, and gender. This study examines the ways that students at Scripps College, a women's college in Claremont, CA, understand and experience menstruation as part of living in an environment where the majority of students identify as female. Through ethnographic interviews, I demonstrate the ways that students use menstruation to re-envision distinctions between public and private …

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The Windy City: Property Value Impacts Of Wind Turbines In An Urban Setting, Corey Lang, James J. Opaluch Jan 2014

The Windy City: Property Value Impacts Of Wind Turbines In An Urban Setting, Corey Lang, James J. Opaluch

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Faculty Publications

This paper examines the impact of wind turbines on house values in Rhode Island. In contrast to wind farms surrounded by sparse development, in Rhode Island single turbines have been built in relatively high population dense areas. As a result, we observe 48,554 single-family, owner-occupied transactions within five miles of a turbine site, including 3,254 within one mile, which is far more than most related studies. We estimate hedonic difference-in-differences models that allow for impacts of wind turbines by proximity, viewshed, and contrast with surrounding development. Across a wide variety of specifications, the results suggest that wind turbines have no …

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Distributive Justice And Equity In Grading: A New Instructor’S Reflections, Molly Malany Sayre Jan 2014

Distributive Justice And Equity In Grading: A New Instructor’S Reflections, Molly Malany Sayre

Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Faculty Publications

The author reflects upon early teaching experiences to identify a conflict between minimal distributive justice, or the distribution of goods that ensures all individuals have an acceptable level of that good (Deutsch, 1985), and grading of students’ assignments. Instead of addressing the unequal distribution of college preparedness among her students, the author’s grading reflected and potentially reinforced educational, racial, and economic inequalities. In agreement with Anastas (2010), an ethic of social justice is recommended for use in social work education. Social work educators can provide greater access to resources (e.g., the instructor’s time) for students experiencing disadvantages that affect their …

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Five Facts About Value-Added Exports And Implications For Macroeconomics And Trade Research, Robert C. Johnson Jan 2014

Five Facts About Value-Added Exports And Implications For Macroeconomics And Trade Research, Robert C. Johnson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Due to the rise of global supply chains, gross exports do not accurately measure the amount of value added exchanged between countries. I highlight five facts about differences between gross and value-added exports. These differences are large and growing over time, currently around 25 percent, and manufacturing trade looks more important, relative to services, in gross than value-added terms. These differences are also heterogenous across countries and bilateral partners, and changing unevenly across countries and partners over time. Taking these differences into account enables researchers to obtain better quantitative answers to important macroeconomic and trade questions. I discuss how the …

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Superstitious Precebo Illusion : Does Luck Charm Really Gives You Luck? It's Mere Possession Does!, Pik Ying Chan Jan 2014

Superstitious Precebo Illusion : Does Luck Charm Really Gives You Luck? It's Mere Possession Does!, Pik Ying Chan

Bachelor of Social Sciences – Senior Theses

Superstition is quite common in the modern society, people still hold superstitious beliefs and often engage in superstitious rituals that bring good luck. For example, Feng shui is the most popular superstition among Chinese and carrying a Feng shui luck charm such as mystic knot and red envelopes was believed to bring good luck. Likewise, in Western superstition, similar astrological talismans are believed to strengthen different qualities of the possessor. When one believes that certain object carried mystical power, having possession of it would grant the owner access to those powers. Nonetheless, the mystic power of these talismans is questionable …

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How Does The Hong Kong Current Refugee Policy Affect The Life Of Protection Claimants?, Kwan Ki Man Jan 2014

How Does The Hong Kong Current Refugee Policy Affect The Life Of Protection Claimants?, Kwan Ki Man

Bachelor of Social Sciences – Senior Theses

About 6,000 refugees, asylum seekers and torture claimants (collectively “protection claimants”) are struggling to survive in Hong Kong. It is undoubted that they are an underprivileged and marginalized group in Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong is not the signatory of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, protection claimants do not enjoy legal status or formal rights to welfare services in Hong Kong. Without the right to work, protection claimants must survive on $1,500 a month for accommodation and bags of food equivalent to $1,200, or they may risk to work illegally in Hong Kong. This thesis examines …

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Role Of Medial Prefrontal And Orbitofrontal Monoamine Transporters And Receptors In Performance In An Adjusting Delay Discounting Procedure, Justin R. Yates, Jennifer L. Perry, Andrew C. Meyer, Cassandra D. Gipson, Richard J. Charnigo, Michael T. Bardo Jan 2014

Role Of Medial Prefrontal And Orbitofrontal Monoamine Transporters And Receptors In Performance In An Adjusting Delay Discounting Procedure, Justin R. Yates, Jennifer L. Perry, Andrew C. Meyer, Cassandra D. Gipson, Richard J. Charnigo, Michael T. Bardo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Performance in an adjusting delay discounting procedure is predictive of drug abuse vulnerability; however, the shared underlying specific prefrontal neural systems linking delay discounting and increased addiction-like behaviors are unclear. Rats received direct infusions of methylphenidate (MPH; 6.25, 25.0, or 100 μg), amphetamine (AMPH; 0.25, 1.0, or 4.0 μg), or atomoxetine (ATO; 1.0, 4.0, or 16.0 μg) into either medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) immediately prior to performance in an adjusting delay task. These drugs were examined because they are efficacious in treating impulse control disorders. Because dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors are implicated in impulsive …

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Scientific Overview: 2013 Bbc Plenary Symposium On Tobacco Addiction, Mariella De Biasi, I. Mclaughlin, E. E. Perez, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, Michael T. Bardo, P. R. Pentel, Dorothy Hatsukami Jan 2014

Scientific Overview: 2013 Bbc Plenary Symposium On Tobacco Addiction, Mariella De Biasi, I. Mclaughlin, E. E. Perez, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, Michael T. Bardo, P. R. Pentel, Dorothy Hatsukami

Psychology Faculty Publications

Nicotine dependence plays a critical role in addiction to tobacco products, and thus contributes to a variety of devastating tobacco-related diseases (SGR 2014). Annual costs associated with smoking in the US are estimated to be between $289 and $333 billion. Effective interventions for nicotine dependence, especially in smokers, are a critical barrier to the eradication of tobacco-related diseases. This overview highlights research presented at the Plenary Symposium of Behavior, Biology and Chemistry: Translational Research in Addiction Conference (BBC), hosted by the UT Health Science Center San Antonio, on March 9–10, 2013. The Plenary Symposium focused on tobacco addiction, and covered …

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Enhancing The Care Navigation Model: Potential Roles For Health Sciences Librarians, Jeffrey T. Huber, Robert M. Shapiro Ii, Heather J. Burke, Aaron Palmer Jan 2014

Enhancing The Care Navigation Model: Potential Roles For Health Sciences Librarians, Jeffrey T. Huber, Robert M. Shapiro Ii, Heather J. Burke, Aaron Palmer

Information Science Faculty Publications

This study analyzed the overlap between roles and activities that health care navigators perform and competencies identified by the Medical Library Association's (MLA's) educational policy statement. Roles and activities that health care navigators perform were gleaned from published literature. Once common roles and activities that health care navigators perform were identified, MLA competencies were mapped against those roles and activities to identify areas of overlap. The greatest extent of correspondence occurred in patient empowerment and support. Further research is warranted to determine the extent to which health sciences librarians might assume responsibility for roles and activities that health care navigators …

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Academic Predictors And Characteristics Of Self-Reported Juvenile Firesetting, Carrie Howell Bowling, Hatim A. Omar Jan 2014

Academic Predictors And Characteristics Of Self-Reported Juvenile Firesetting, Carrie Howell Bowling, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The main purpose of this study was to address gaps in existing research by examining the relationship between academic performance and attention problems with juvenile firesetting. Two datasets from the Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) were used. The Factor Analysis Dataset (N = 975) was utilized and results indicated that adolescents who report lower academic performance are more likely to set fires. Additionally, adolescents who report a poor attitude toward school are even more likely to set fires. Logistic regressions were run to determine if attention problems predicted firesetting and the findings indicated that attention problems are predictive …

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Adolescence And Sexuality, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar Jan 2014

Adolescence And Sexuality, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Managing Risk Perception In Adventure Tourism Activities, Ann O'Connor Jan 2014

Managing Risk Perception In Adventure Tourism Activities, Ann O'Connor

Theses

The Adventure Tourism Industry is a customer service industry where product development and presentation is propelled by the clients' needs and desires. The majority of people who participate in adventure tourism activities are novices and have no prior experience or relevant skills. It is this market of 'no skills required' which is the focus of the commercial adventure tourism industry. As there are inherent risks involved in all adventure activities, risk, risk perception and risk management are key skills for the Adventure Activity Provider and Guide. Risk however is multidimensional, made up of physical risk components and subjective risk components. …

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Information Architecture For Social Media: A Case Study On Building An Event Backchannel With Twitter, Robert L. Moore Jan 2014

Information Architecture For Social Media: A Case Study On Building An Event Backchannel With Twitter, Robert L. Moore

STEMPS Faculty Publications

This paper presents a case study on creating a backchannel through Twitter for the live event, featuring the Secretary of the US Navy, hosted by the School of Government. The project, which ultimately was successful in creating social media buzz for the lecture, was a new approach for the School of Government in how it markets its events. The study discusses the tools and processes used in the backchannel's creation and development. This paper was written because the author discovered a gap in existing literature on creating backchannels. It outlines how the adaptation of best practices from the general population's …

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Online Shopping: The Influence Of Body Image, Personality, And Social Anxiety, Brooke Mann Jan 2014

Online Shopping: The Influence Of Body Image, Personality, And Social Anxiety, Brooke Mann

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The usage of the Internet has experienced significant growth over the past several decades, providing a vehicle for the online shopping market to experience exponential gains as well. In a 2011 U.S. Census survey, 71.7% of households reported access to the Internet, an increase from the reported 54.7% in 2003 and furthermore a large increase from the 18.0% from the 1997, the first year the Census Bureau reported Internet usage (File, 2013). Research has shown various reasons for expansion of online shopping, such as convenience, ease, and the excitement of experiencing something new, but gives little insight into characteristics that …

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The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis And Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) Inflows To Asean Member Countries, 1995-2005, Rosalina Palanca-Tan Jan 2014

The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis And Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) Inflows To Asean Member Countries, 1995-2005, Rosalina Palanca-Tan

Economics Department Faculty Publications

In the late 1990s, ASEAN countries started to find it more and more difficult to lure foreign investors. While ASEAN was capturing about 8% of foreign direct investments (FDI) until the mid-1990s, this share dropped to only about 3% from the late 1990s until mid-2000s. This paper traced the trends and patterns of FDI flows to ASEAN during the years 1995-2005, a period that included the Asian financial crisis that started in July 1997, the years immediately preceding the crisis and the recovery years. The study examined the effects of the crisis on FDI inflows to ASEAN countries and their …

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The Value Of Words: Narrative As Evidence In Policymaking, Dmitry Epstein, Josiah Heidt, Cynthia R. Farina Jan 2014

The Value Of Words: Narrative As Evidence In Policymaking, Dmitry Epstein, Josiah Heidt, Cynthia R. Farina

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Policymakers today rely primarily on statistical, financial, and other forms of technical data as their basis for decision-making. Yet, there is a potentially underestimated value in substantive reflections of the members of the public who will be affected by a particular piece of regulation. We discuss the value of narratives as input in the policy making process, based on our experience with Regulation Room–a product of an interdisciplinary initiative using innovative web technologies in real-time online experimentation. We describe professional policymakers and professional commenters as a community of practice that has limited shared repertoire with the lay members of the …

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Shared Leadership In Team-Based Learning Classroom Teams And Its Relationship To Decision Quality, Elizabeth J. Peyton Jan 2014

Shared Leadership In Team-Based Learning Classroom Teams And Its Relationship To Decision Quality, Elizabeth J. Peyton

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Team-based learning (TBL) is an increasingly popular teaching technique within healthcare education. However, much remains unknown about the processes underlying its effectiveness. I examined shared leadership behaviors in TBL teams and their relationship to academic performance and team decision quality both in the classroom and in an applied setting. To examine these relationships, I used round-robin peer evaluations that I analyzed using the Social Relations Model. Results failed to support my hypotheses. However, my study raised several issues that future researchers should consider: the relationship between shared and vertical leadership, proper conceptualization of Followership, using Social Relations Model estimates versus …

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Challenge Accepted: Self-Enhancement Through The Pursuit Of Difficulty, Julie Anne Steinke Jan 2014

Challenge Accepted: Self-Enhancement Through The Pursuit Of Difficulty, Julie Anne Steinke

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Individual resilience is popular topic whereby researchers attempt to identify characteristics of individuals who react positively to stress. However, such research uses a reactionary approach, attempting to characterize successful individuals after they experience adversity and does not explain why some individuals proactively seek out challenging circumstances. Pursuing challenge is a new construct that explains why individuals proactively increase stress as a strategic mechanism for developmental purposes. I developed and validated a measurement tool for pursuing challenge in multiple studies. Additionally, I explored relationships between pursuing challenge and similar constructs (e.g., grit, proactive personality, and self-efficacy), as well as the extent …

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Sexual Assertiveness As A Predictor Of Differential Vulnerability In Sexual Victimization Between Sorority- And Non-Affiliated College Women, Mary Ashton Phillips Jan 2014

Sexual Assertiveness As A Predictor Of Differential Vulnerability In Sexual Victimization Between Sorority- And Non-Affiliated College Women, Mary Ashton Phillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since Koss' seminal research in 1985, it has been clear that college women are especially vulnerable to sexual victimization; more than 30% of her sample had experienced the legal definition of rape, which includes completed as well as attempted rape. Since then, several studies have found similar findings. Koss, Gidycz, and Wisniewski (1987) reported that 15.4% of a sample of college women had experienced rape and 12.1% had experienced attempted rape since the age of 14. Gross, Winslett, Roberts, and Gohm (2006) also found in their college sample that 13.3% of women had experienced rape and 18.2% had experienced attempted …

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Neurocognitive Outcomes In Children Experiencing Seizures During Treatment For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Stephanie L. Nassar Jan 2014

Neurocognitive Outcomes In Children Experiencing Seizures During Treatment For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Stephanie L. Nassar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is a growing literature for cognitive late effects among childhood cancer survivors, yet little empirical information is known regarding specific neurocognitive outcomes of children who experience seizures while treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This study examined prevalence of on-protocol seizures, seizure risk factors, and neurocognitive change in children with therapy-related seizures in comparison to the normative sample and a matched cohort of children without on-protocol seizures. Participants included children enrolled on the St. Jude frontline leukemia treatment protocol, Total Therapy 15 (TOTXV) - the first systematic investigation of intensified chemotherapy agents plus optimal intrathecal therapy without irradiation. Out of …

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Childhood Growth In An Oneota Community: Examining Long Bone Growth Differences In The The Juveniles At Norris Farms 36, Whitney Broughton Jan 2014

Childhood Growth In An Oneota Community: Examining Long Bone Growth Differences In The The Juveniles At Norris Farms 36, Whitney Broughton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oneota migration into the central Illinois River valley around ad 1300 resulted in a number of different interactions with Mississippian groups. Milner and colleagues (1991) identified significant numbers of perimortem injuries at the Norris farms 36 cemetery, along with biological markers for poor health, such as cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. They suggested that the threat of violence may have forced the Oneonta at Morton village to limit subsistence activities to circumscribed areas close to the settlement, thereby reducing the resource base and negatively impacting the health of the community. However, recent research (Bengtson et al. 2012; Bengtson and O'Gorman …

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Cohonina Social Organization And The Role Of Forts In Integration And Interaction: A View From The Pittsberg Community., Travis Brent Cureton Jan 2014

Cohonina Social Organization And The Role Of Forts In Integration And Interaction: A View From The Pittsberg Community., Travis Brent Cureton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the role of "forts" in the sociopolitical organization of a prehistoric people known as the Cohonina through the application of settlement systems analysis and functional studies. The primary objective of this thesis is to test ideas of Cohonina sociopolitical organization through an examination of the functional characteristics of forts and their positions on the landscape using a combination of theory derived from settlement and landscape archaeology, deployed in a geographic information system work environment. A Cohonina fort site known as the Pittsberg Fort Complex, was placed in its community context through broad scale survey. Artifact, architectural, and …

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The Impact Of Black Political Representation On The Racial Attitudes, Policy Preferences, And Vote Choice Of Whites In Minority Majority Congressional Districts, Emmitt Y. Riley Jan 2014

The Impact Of Black Political Representation On The Racial Attitudes, Policy Preferences, And Vote Choice Of Whites In Minority Majority Congressional Districts, Emmitt Y. Riley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Scholars examining black political representation have focused on the degree to which African American politicians can impact the everyday living conditions of African Americans. Despite years of African American political representation within the United States House of Representatives, political scientists have devoted very little scholarship to examining how whites react to African American leadership. Given that African Americans remain under represented in government and current legal challenges threaten the future of minority majority districts, it is important to gain better insight into how black representation might impact the white community. Prior studies that do examine how whites react to African …

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How We Teach Psychology: A National Survey Of Empirically Supported Teaching Techniques In Undergraduate Instruction, Joshua C. Fulwiler Jan 2014

How We Teach Psychology: A National Survey Of Empirically Supported Teaching Techniques In Undergraduate Instruction, Joshua C. Fulwiler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research from a wide range of psychological disciplines has focused on understanding the teaching methods that most effectively promote learning. Despite a wealth of literature demonstrating the effectiveness of various teaching methods, the prevalence of these methods in contemporary college psychology courses has not yet been examined. To fill this gap, the current study surveyed undergraduate psychology instructors on methods implemented in their classrooms. Distributed to 448 institutions of higher learning, this online survey sought to provide a preliminary picture of the modern teaching landscape. In order to provide the most objective standard of comparison among these different institutions, frequency …

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Democratic Paradox: The Role Of Regime Type In Civil War Intervention Initiation And Success, Justin Marshall Burnett Jan 2014

Democratic Paradox: The Role Of Regime Type In Civil War Intervention Initiation And Success, Justin Marshall Burnett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Abstract: Justin M. Burnett: democratic paradox: the role of regime type in civil war intervention initiation and success. (Under the direction of Dr. Timothy Nordstrom) regime type is an important yet largely ignored factor in the likelihood of civil war intervention initiation and success. Most research related to intervention processes has analyzed these processes without questioning whether or not domestic political institutions and constraints affect the decision to intervene as well as the probability of success. Democracies have unique institutions and recognized norms that do not exist in non-democratic states. I argue that these differences matter and that domestic political …

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Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role Of Ethnicity And Culture In Parent Interpretation And Service Utilization, Corinn Nicole Johnson Jan 2014

Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role Of Ethnicity And Culture In Parent Interpretation And Service Utilization, Corinn Nicole Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prevalence rates for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) suggest rates continue to increase, with recent data indicating 1 in 68 children diagnosed with the disorder. Interventions may prove beneficial for both the core symptoms of the disorder and related deficits, although data indicate that effects are stronger with early intervention (e.g., prior to four years old). Unfortunately, many children are undiagnosed until they are school age. Additionally, a number of findings indicate that in comparison to Caucasian children, African American children receive an ASD diagnosis later and less often. The current study examined the role of race/ethnicity on 119 mothers' knowledge …

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Diagnostic Accuracy Of Self-Report Instruments In A Non-Clinical Sample: A Receiver And Operating Characteristics (Roc) Analysis, Lindsay Trent Jan 2014

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Self-Report Instruments In A Non-Clinical Sample: A Receiver And Operating Characteristics (Roc) Analysis, Lindsay Trent

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Direct-To-Consumer Advertising Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For The Treatment Of Depression, Lauren B. Flegle Jan 2014

Direct-To-Consumer Advertising Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For The Treatment Of Depression, Lauren B. Flegle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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