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2014

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Articles 15121 - 15150 of 18483

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Effect Of State Induction Policies On Novice Teacher Attrition, Christina Catherine Luke Jan 2014

The Effect Of State Induction Policies On Novice Teacher Attrition, Christina Catherine Luke

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Novice teachers in the U.S. leave the profession at higher rates than the average U.S. teacher. Attrition of new teachers is problematic for three main reasons: districts must expend resources to replace teachers and school climate and culture are disrupted by staff turning over. Many factors at the individual level contribute to a novice teacher's decision to leave that cannot be easily controlled. However, teachers who feel supported by administration and those who receive high-quality new teacher induction programs maybe more likely to remain than those who do not. Over the last decade, the number of states that have enacted …

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Early Health And Human Capital Accumulation : An Econometric Analysis Using The Psid-Cds, 1997-2007, Dohyung Kim Jan 2014

Early Health And Human Capital Accumulation : An Econometric Analysis Using The Psid-Cds, 1997-2007, Dohyung Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The first chapter estimates the effect of fetal growth on academic achievement in childhood using a nested error-component two-stage least squares (NEC2SLS) estimator that draws on internal instruments from alternative dimensions of the multi-level panel data structure of the panel data set. This estimation method increases efficiency by exploiting information on children with no siblings in the sample as well as identifies coefficients for the time-invariant, mother-specific regressors, all of which are not feasible with conventional mother-fixed effects estimation. We estimate modest but statistically significant effects of birth weight and fetal growth rate on math and reading scores, with the …

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The Effects Of Harsh Parenting And Interparental Aggression Experienced In Youth On The Sympathetic Nervous System, Samantha Aldea Barry Jan 2014

The Effects Of Harsh Parenting And Interparental Aggression Experienced In Youth On The Sympathetic Nervous System, Samantha Aldea Barry

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study examines the link between aggression experienced during childhood and/or adolescence and indicators of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during adulthood. Participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding interparental aggression and harsh parenting exposure during childhood and adolescence (155 adults; mean age = 19.0 years old; 76.1% Caucasian/white; 53.5% female). SNS activation was measured by resting skin conductance level (SCL). Results of this study indicate a sex-specific and time-specific pattern of the effects of aggression on SNS activity. Among males, exposure to more harsh parenting in addition to more interparental aggression during childhood is associated with lower resting SCL. Among …

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The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz Jan 2014

The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Cognitive and memory impairments significantly affect multiple domains in life and play major roles in disease. Identifying critical mechanisms and factors that mediate memory consolidation and enhancement may represent an important approach for increasing cognition in normal adults and preventing or treating cognitive impairments. The expression of the C/EBP- target gene insulin-like growth factor 2, (IGF-II) is required for memory consolidation; furthermore, IGF-II administration during memory consolidation produces memory enhancement, increased memory persistence and prevents forgetting. In this thesis, I investigated the therapeutic potential of IGF-II to promote memory consolidation when administered systemically. In addition, I investigated one particularly interesting …

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On The Island : Marginalized Residents Of A Single Room Occupancy Motel, Christopher Philip Dum Jan 2014

On The Island : Marginalized Residents Of A Single Room Occupancy Motel, Christopher Philip Dum

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

One consequence of the punitive turn in criminal justice policy has been an increase in residential instability among previously incarcerated individuals. For registered sex offenders in particular, residence restriction laws severely limit housing options. Many formerly incarcerated individuals find difficulties securing employment, which limits their ability to afford a stable residence.

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Adaptive Behavior Deficits In Children With Autism As Predictors Of Parenting Stress And Family Quality Of Life, Stephanie A. Fox Jan 2014

Adaptive Behavior Deficits In Children With Autism As Predictors Of Parenting Stress And Family Quality Of Life, Stephanie A. Fox

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study examines the influence of child adaptive behavior deficits on parenting stress and family quality of life (FQOL) among a sample of families with children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study used measures completed by families who were participants in a Parent Education Program designed to teach families about ASD. Parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II; Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005), the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-4-SF; Abidin, 1995), and The Family Quality of Life Survey (FQOLS; Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers, & Turnbull, 2006). Differences among mothers and fathers in …

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The Academic Life Of Part-Time Professors In Chile, Paulina Berrios Jan 2014

The Academic Life Of Part-Time Professors In Chile, Paulina Berrios

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines the academic life of part-time professors at the five biggest universities in Chile. By examining part-timers' academic life, including both who the part-time professors are and what their academic work is, this study sheds light on the complexity and diversity of the part-time world.

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Talking Rights, Talking Politics : The Development Of Abortion Policy In New York And New Jersey, 1970-2010, Jonathan Parent Jan 2014

Talking Rights, Talking Politics : The Development Of Abortion Policy In New York And New Jersey, 1970-2010, Jonathan Parent

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Policy can be made by all three branches of government, and the institutional location of change will have an impact on the shape of policy outputs. This dissertation examines the question of what factors will make courts more or less likely to undertake and continue policymaking in a given issue area. In particular, the study presented here considers the development of abortion policy in New York and New Jersey over a forty-year period beginning in 1970. Using both quantitative and qualitative research methods, this work proposes a theoretical framework whereby issue framing, coupled with institutional first movement, will greatly influence …

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Health Promotion : A Web-Based Motivational Enhancement Intervention To Reduce Risky Behaviors Among College Women, Amy J. Starosta Jan 2014

Health Promotion : A Web-Based Motivational Enhancement Intervention To Reduce Risky Behaviors Among College Women, Amy J. Starosta

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Behavioral interventions that successfully increase condom use often require significant resources. Given the need for low-cost, sustainable interventions, I designed a web-based intervention to increase condom use among college women by focusing on discrepancies between idealized and actual behavior. Participants (422 women Mage=18.88 years, SD=1.65) completed demographic, sexual, and condom attitudes and intentions questionnaires as well as a Timeline Followback Interview to assess their drinking and condom use for the previous month. Participants engaged in a decisional balance analysis for each time they did or did not use a condom. Finally, participants wrote an essay encouraging high school girls to …

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Local Power Of Panel Unit Root Tests : Impact Of Initial Values In Finite Samples, Xiaomei Li Jan 2014

Local Power Of Panel Unit Root Tests : Impact Of Initial Values In Finite Samples, Xiaomei Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation investigates and compares the performance of the panel unit root tests in terms of local power. The tests considered include the Gaussian power envelope, the pooled t-tests based on the Dickey-Fuller (DF) least squares demeaning and on the initial value demeaning, the IPS test proposed in Im, Pesaran, and Shin (2003) , and the Fisher-P type tests. Cases where the panel data have no fixed effects and where the panel data contain fixed effects are studied. The model allows for heterogeneity not only in the auto-regressive coefficients and the error terms but also in the fixed effects. The …

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The Cradle Of Globalization : The Iroquois, Eisenhower, And Conflicts Over New York State Infrastructure Development During The 1950s, Kwinn H. Doran Jan 2014

The Cradle Of Globalization : The Iroquois, Eisenhower, And Conflicts Over New York State Infrastructure Development During The 1950s, Kwinn H. Doran

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

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Effects Of Technology On School Aged Children, Shawn Lamont Lee Jr. Jan 2014

Effects Of Technology On School Aged Children, Shawn Lamont Lee Jr.

Senior Seminars

The advancements of technology have greatly influenced child development. Throughout the years, as technology became more advanced, I believe that it has caused the development of the child to advance as well. When I speak about child development, it is pertaining to the stages of development in children, which are physical development, social & emotional development, cognitive development, and communication. This paper will take the reader through a timeline of influential technical advancements that have played a factor in child development, followed by an explanation of the stages of development in children, and then it will explain the positive and …

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Essays On Failure Management Of Nonprofit Organizations, Junesoo Lee Jan 2014

Essays On Failure Management Of Nonprofit Organizations, Junesoo Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

No matter how well an organization is managed, we face some inevitable failures such as deficient volunteers, excess demands for service, unstable grants, etc. Paradoxically however, successful organizations have been using their failures creatively. Beyond such successful use of failure, can benefits of failure be systematically described? What would be the generic ways to benefit from failure? In order to answer that question, three essays were written with the following details.

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Examining The Risk And Protective Factors That Influence Falls Among Native American Older Adults, Kelly Winjum Jan 2014

Examining The Risk And Protective Factors That Influence Falls Among Native American Older Adults, Kelly Winjum

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The risk factors for falls and the adverse outcomes of falls have been well documented among the general older adult population. However, fall frequency, fall risk factors, and fall outcomes have rarely been studied among minority groups specifically. Furthermore, to date there are no known studies that exclusively examine falls among Native American older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine falls among Native American older adults, in order to understand the risk and protective factors for falling among this population, and to develop recommendations for intervention. The theoretical framework of the Disablement Process guides this study. The …

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Relationships Between Breastfeeding, Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy, And The Cognitive Functioning Of Akwesasne Mohawk Adolescents Exposed To Environmental Pollution, Georgia Brooke Jan 2014

Relationships Between Breastfeeding, Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy, And The Cognitive Functioning Of Akwesasne Mohawk Adolescents Exposed To Environmental Pollution, Georgia Brooke

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Previous research has suggested that breastfeeding is beneficial for children's health and that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is harmful for children's health. However, there is not a consensus in the existing literature about whether or not these two maternal behaviors impact the cognitive development of children. Furthermore, understanding the role of breastfeeding in children's development is complicated by the fact that breastfeeding transmits toxicants that are stored in the mother's body, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), to the infant. Existing research suggests that PCBs negatively impact children's cognitive functioning. The current study examined relationships between breastfeeding, maternal cigarette smoking during …

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Forecasting Binary Outcomes : Estimation, Evaluation And Combination, Liu Yang Jan 2014

Forecasting Binary Outcomes : Estimation, Evaluation And Combination, Liu Yang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Forecasting binary outcomes is involved in a wide variety of decision-making settings. This dissertation addresses the econometric issues related to predicting binary outcomes from three perspectives: estimation, evaluation and combination. All methodologies are empirically illustrated by predicting economic recessions in the United States.

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Impact Of The Peers Intervention On Performance-Based Measures Of Social Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura S. Hiruma Jan 2014

Impact Of The Peers Intervention On Performance-Based Measures Of Social Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura S. Hiruma

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study examines the efficacy of a trial of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS; Laugeson & Frankel, 2010), which is a manualized group social skills intervention designed to improve the social functioning of teens with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, the study examined the use of performance-based outcome measures (in addition to traditional report measures) to assess the social skills of teens participating in the PEERS intervention. These performance-based measures of social skills included the Social Performance Rating Scale (SPRS; Fydrich, Chambless, Perry, Buergener, & Beazley, 1998), in which observers rated participants' social …

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A Multifoci Model Of Workplace Incivility And Deviance : Examining The Moderating Role Of Prosocial Orientation, Wisanupong Potipiroon Jan 2014

A Multifoci Model Of Workplace Incivility And Deviance : Examining The Moderating Role Of Prosocial Orientation, Wisanupong Potipiroon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite the scholarly interest in workplace incivility in the field of organizational behavior, public administration (PA) scholars have paid much less attention to this timely and relevant topic. Based on a unique sample of 401 individuals (nested in 83 work units) employed in a public organization in Thailand, the present study seeks to address this void by examining whether different sources of workplace incivility (i.e., supervisors, coworkers and customers) will have differential effects on different types of employee deviant behaviors (i.e., deviance directed towards the organization, supervisors, coworkers and customers). Based on a multifoci and target-specificity framework, the present study …

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Bus Stop Usage Evaluation And Brt Station Selection Strategy By Machine Learning Methods, Tianchi Zhang Jan 2014

Bus Stop Usage Evaluation And Brt Station Selection Strategy By Machine Learning Methods, Tianchi Zhang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

According to Commuting in the United States 2009, 86.1% of Americans commuted by car, light truck, or van, and about three-quarters of these individuals were driving alone, causing traffic congestion and raising environmental and energy-saving concerns in society. Therefore, transportation experts encourage the public to take public transportation and recommend the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Currently, bus service restructuring and BRT plans are based on rider surveys, community meetings and on-street interviews. However, these methods require large investments in manpower and material resources, and produce potentially biased results. In this research, the author used the machine learning method, …

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Outpatient Treatment Approaches, Services And Outcomes For Older Addicted Adults, Nicole Sarette Macfarland Jan 2014

Outpatient Treatment Approaches, Services And Outcomes For Older Addicted Adults, Nicole Sarette Macfarland

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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The Role Of Immigrant Assimilation And Segregation In Explaining The Effect Of Immigration Size On Neighborhood Crime, Ilir Disha Jan 2014

The Role Of Immigrant Assimilation And Segregation In Explaining The Effect Of Immigration Size On Neighborhood Crime, Ilir Disha

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Role of Immigrant Assimilation and Segregation in Explaining the Effect of Immigration Size on Neighborhood Crime

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Time Will Tell : Temporal Reasoning In Clinical Narratives And Beyond, Weiyi Sun Jan 2014

Time Will Tell : Temporal Reasoning In Clinical Narratives And Beyond, Weiyi Sun

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Temporal reasoning in natural language refers to the extraction and understanding of time-related information conveyed in free text. A clinical narrative temporal reasoning component can enable a spectrum of medical natural language processing (NLP) applications that directly improve patient care documentation efficiency, accessibility and accountability. This dissertation contributes in three subtasks under temporal reasoning: temporal annotation, temporal expression extraction and temporal relation inferences. The temporal annotation work described in the dissertation produced one of the first publicly available clinical narratives. We published one of the first sets of temporal

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Heterogeneity In Housing : Evidence From Regional Prices, Monetary Policy Transmission And Wealth Distribution In China, Lili Wu Jan 2014

Heterogeneity In Housing : Evidence From Regional Prices, Monetary Policy Transmission And Wealth Distribution In China, Lili Wu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Housing market displays a high degree of heterogeneity in China: house prices show great uneven patterns across regions; housing markets present remarkably various roles in trasmitting outside shocks to real economies; housing wealth exhibits obviously asymmetric profile in holding and distribution among households, etc. To investige these heterogeneities is the single purpose of this paper.

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Democracy, Political Externalities & The Labour-Process, Nicholas Alan Partyka Jan 2014

Democracy, Political Externalities & The Labour-Process, Nicholas Alan Partyka

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

My dissertation focuses on elaborating a problem for democratic political institutions posed by an externality of the capitalist labour-process, particularly for more participatory conceptions of democracy and democratic citizenship. I argue that the labour-process under capitalism causes a transformation in the skill-level and personality of worker-citizens. In the main, the direction of this transformation is towards workers who lack important deliberative skills enabling them to effectively participate in democratic politics. If one is committed to democracy as a means of collective self-government, then this negative transformation, or deformation, should be troubling. If the labour-process under capitalism deprives workers of the …

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Geometric Information Of Yield Curve, Unspanned Stochastic Volatility, And Affine Heath-Jarrow-Morton Models, Qingbin Wang Jan 2014

Geometric Information Of Yield Curve, Unspanned Stochastic Volatility, And Affine Heath-Jarrow-Morton Models, Qingbin Wang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The differences between the daily routine of fitting the yield curve (or equivalently, the forward rate curve) and the dynamic

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Psychiatric Disorders And Their Impact On Labor Market Outcomes : A Latent Variable Approach Using Multiple Clinical Indicators, Souvik Banerjee Jan 2014

Psychiatric Disorders And Their Impact On Labor Market Outcomes : A Latent Variable Approach Using Multiple Clinical Indicators, Souvik Banerjee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Psychiatric disorders are highly disabling and affect a substantial proportion of the working age population in the US. They have been associated with reductions in employment, labor force participation, labor supply, lower productivity and earnings. This dissertation examines the effect of mental illness on labor market outcomes, focusing on issues of endogeneity and measurement of mental illness.

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The Impact Of A Cognitive Defusion Intervention On Behavioral And Psychological Flexibility, Timothy Ritzert Jan 2014

The Impact Of A Cognitive Defusion Intervention On Behavioral And Psychological Flexibility, Timothy Ritzert

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) emphasizes the relationship people have with unwanted thoughts, emotions, and other private events. ACT utilizes cognitive defusion strategies to reduce the believability of unwanted, distressing thoughts so as to foster greater psychological flexibility. Though defusion is linked to several positive behavioral outcomes (e.g., improved pain tolerance), it remains unclear whether such effects are associated with the behavioral process of defusion itself, namely, behavior that is more sensitive to direct contingencies compared with behavior influenced by unhelpful verbal functions. To address this issue, the present study assessed the impact of a defusion intervention on behavior, as …

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Coping With Negative Emotion In Middle Childhood : Relationship To Temperament And Psychopathology, Kristen Uhl Jan 2014

Coping With Negative Emotion In Middle Childhood : Relationship To Temperament And Psychopathology, Kristen Uhl

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Children are exposed to various stressors throughout development. Research has demonstrated that childhood stressors can negatively affect adjustment, and that children's temperament and coping impact the effects of stress on adjustment. The current study examines children's coping responses to situations eliciting anger, sadness, fear, and worry in a sample of 191 children (102 boys, 89 girls; mean age = 9.57 years, SD=0.57) recruited from a suburban school district. Additionally, the predictive relationship of temperament variables on coping strategy use is explored. Finally, coping and temperament's effect on the development of psychopathology is investigated. Results show that children reported using more …

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Segregation And The Adaption Of Community-Based Organizations To Multiethnic Immigration In Newark And Jersey City : 1990-2010, Joseph R. Gibbons Jan 2014

Segregation And The Adaption Of Community-Based Organizations To Multiethnic Immigration In Newark And Jersey City : 1990-2010, Joseph R. Gibbons

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As we move into the 21st century, racial and ethnic segregation remains a dominating force in American Cities. Segregated black and Hispanic communities are known to suffer not only from a lack of resources, compared to non-Hispanic white neighborhoods, but also from a distinct sense of parochial isolation. At the same time, nonprofit community-based organizations (CBOs) have gained an increasingly central role in providing basic services to the urban needy. As of yet, there has been no systematic study to explore how segregation impacts the operation of CBOs. This dissertation employs a mixed methods research strategy to examine CBOs in …

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Effects Of Acute Stress And Gender On Decision-Making, Stephanie Elaine Wemm Jan 2014

Effects Of Acute Stress And Gender On Decision-Making, Stephanie Elaine Wemm

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The current study examined the effects of a social stressor on subsequent performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and the role of sex on this relationship. Fifty-six participants (24 men and 32 women) were assigned randomly to a social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control condition while their subjective emotional reactions and their physiological arousal (skin conductance and heart rate) were measured. Findings showed that participants in the stress condition responded with higher skin-conductance levels and heart rate during the social stressor, in addition to reporting greater negative affect directly following the social stressor. They also made …

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