Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Films, Buckypapers And Fibers From Clay, Chitosan And Carbon Nanotubes, Thomas M. Higgins, Holly Warren, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The mechanical and electrical characteristics of films, buckypapers and fiber materials from combinations of clay, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and chitosan are described. The rheological time-dependent characteristics of clay are maintained in clay–carbon nanotube–chitosan composite dispersions. It is demonstrated that the addition of chitosan improves their mechanical characteristics, but decreases electrical conductivity by three-orders of magnitude compared to clay–CNT materials. We show that the electrical response upon exposure to humid atmosphere is influenced by clay-chitosan interactions, i.e., the resistance of clay–CNT materials decreases, whereas that of clay–CNT–chitosan increases.

Indigenous -Government Co-Management Of Protected Areas: Booderee National Park And The National Framework In Australia, David Farrier, Michael Adams

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This case study first describes and assesses co-management governance arrangements for Booderee National Park on the south-east coast of Australia. It then goes on to set this examination in the broader context of a range of other types of protected area co-management governance arrangements in the country. Co-management of Booderee National Park raises and reflects issues from the ongoing development of co-managed protected areas in Australia. The co-management arrangements for Booderee exempt Aboriginal management and use from a range of regulatory provisions, but this is not considered to pose any threats to the successful maintenance of biodiversity. The arrangements also …

Inkjet And Extrusion Printing Of Conducting Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Tracks On And Embedded In Biopolymer Materials, Charles A. Mire, Animesh Agrawal, Gordon G. Wallace, Paul Calvert, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Two printing methods, extrusion and inkjet, are used to deposit tracks of PEDOT/PSS conducting polymer onto biopolymer films with a view to prepare implantable tissue mimics containing electronic devices. Extruded tracks offer lower printing resolution, but better electrical characteristics compared to inkjet printed tracks. The biopolymer–ink interaction results in narrower printed tracks compared to those on glass. This affects the final conductivity, which is lower for printed tracks on biopolymer than for lines printed on glass, due to the part of the track lying below the surface. Extrusion printing is used to embed tracks into a biopolymer matrix, resulting in …

Elvis In The Country: Transforming Place In Rural Australia, Christopher R. Gibson, John Connell

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Inkjet Printing Of Self-Assembling Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels, Skander Limen, Donald Mccallum, Gordon G. Wallace, Marc In Het Panhuis, Paul Calvert

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Inkjet printing of alternate layers of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes allows organized gels to form with structures similar to those made by layer-by-layer dipping methods but very much faster. Structures of gels formed using slow and fast inkjet printing systems are compared using elemental analysis, swelling and diffusion kinetics as characterization methods. After printing and washing, most sodium or chloride counter-ions are lost from the gel, leaving only the polymer complex. The swelling properties of the printed and washed gel depend on the deposition rate and on the ratio of the two polymers as originally printed.

Novel Folding And Stability Defects Cause A Deficiency Of Human Glutathione Transferase Omega 1, Huina Zhou, Joseph Brock, Marco G. Casarotto, Aaron J. Oakley, Philip G. Board

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The polymorphic deletion of Glu-155 from human glutathione transferase omega1 (GSTO1-1) occurs in most populations. Although the recombinant ΔGlu-155 enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli is active, the deletion causes a deficiency of the active enzyme in vivo. The crystal structure and the folding/unfolding kinetics of the ΔGlu-155 variant were determined in order to investigate the cause of the rapid loss of the enzyme in human cells. The crystal structure revealed altered packing around the Glu-155 deletion, an increase in the predicted solvent-accessible area and a corresponding reduction in the buried surface area. This increase in solvent accessibility was consistent with …

Greening Rural Festivals: Ecology, Sustainability And Human-Nature Relations, Christopher R. Gibson, C Wong

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Atolls, Colin D. Woodroffe, Naomi Biribo

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Ion Selectivity In Channels And Transporters, Benoit Roux, Simon Berneche, Berhard Egwolf, Bogdan Lev, Sergei Y. Noskov, Christopher N. Rowley, Haibo Yu

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Potential For Tropical Cyclone Induced Sea Surface Cooling To Reduce Thermal Stress On The World's Coral Reefs, Adam D. Carrigan, Marjetta L. Puotinen

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Coral reefs face an uncertain future as rising sea surface temperature (SST) continues to lead to increasingly frequent and intense mass bleaching. At broad spatial scales, tropical cyclone (TC) induced cooling of the upper ocean (SST drops up to 6° C persisting for weeks) reduces thermal stress and accelerates recovery of bleached corals - yet the global prevalence and spatial distribution of this effect remains undocumented and unquantified. A global dataset (1985–2009) of TC wind exposure was constructed and examined against existing thermal stress data to address this. Significant correlations were found between TC activity and the severity of thermal …

Towards Space Based Verification Of Co2 Emissions From Strong Localized Sources: Fossil Fuel Power Plant Emissions As Seen By A Carbonsat Constellation, Voltaire A. Velazco, M Buchwitz, H Bovensmann, M Reuter, O Schneising, J P. Heymann, T Krings, K Gerilowski, John P. Burrows

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Continental Aridification And The Vanishing Of Australia's Megalakes, Timothy J. Cohen, Gerald C. Nanson, John D. Jansen, B. G. Jones, Zenobia Jacobs, P Treble, David M. Price, Jan-Hendrik May, A Smith, Linda K. Ayliffe, John C. Hellstrom

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The nature of the Australian climate at about the time of rapid megafaunal extinctions and humans arriving in Australia is poorly understood and is an important element in the contentious debate as to whether humans or climate caused the extinctions. Here we present a new paleoshoreline chronology that extends over the past 100 k.y. for Lake Mega-Frome, the coalescence of Lakes Frome, Blanche, Callabonna and Gregory, in the southern latitudes of central Australia. We show that Lake Mega-Frome was connected for the last time to adjacent Lake Eyre at 50-47 ka, forming the largest remaining interconnected system of paleolakes on …

Tectonic Implications Of Early Paleozoic Metamorphism In The Anakie Inlier, Central Queensland, Australia, R Offler, G Phillips, C L. Fergusson, T J. Green

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Well-defined metamorphic zones are developed in pelitic and psammitic rocks of the Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Anakie Metamorphic Group of the Anakie Inlier, central Queensland. They are defined by the incoming of biotite, garnet, and andalusite, with or without staurolite. Mineral assemblages indicate that low pressure-high temperature metamorphism is associated with D1, medium pressure-high temperature metamorphism with D2, and retrograde, low pressure-low temperature metamorphism with D3. A mean b cell parameter of 9.035 obtained from K-white micas in the lowest-grade rocks suggests upper intermediate pressure conditions during D2. The timing of the growth of the index minerals indicates that isotherms …

Significance Of P2x7 Receptor Variants To Human Health And Disease, Ronald Sluyter, Leanne Stokes

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The human P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel coded by the P2RX7 gene located at chromosome position 12q24. P2X7 is expressed in a wide variety of normal and disease-associated cell types. Activation of this receptor by extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate results in numerous downstream events including the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, cell proliferation or death, and killing of intracellular pathogens. As a result, P2X7 plays important roles in inflammation, immunity, bone homeostasis, neurological function and neoplasia. The P2RX7 gene encodes a P2X7 subunit 595 amino acids in length, however splice isoforms that can alter receptor expression and function, and …

Alunite Formation Within Silica Stalactites From The Sydney Region, South-Eastern Australia, Robert A. Wray

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

"This paper presents X-ray diffraction and SEM evidence for the formation of alunite, and possibly small quantities of natroalunite, within opal-A stalactites formed on quartz sandstone near Sydney in south-eastern, Australia. Alunite has been reported as a speleogenetic mineral from sediments within a number of caves around the world, but this is believed to be the first report of speleothemic alunite in opaline silica speleothems. Individual alunite crystals have not been visually identified, but SEM X-ray element mapping suggests the alunite has formed amongst kaolinite clay. Sedimentary alunite and natroalunite formation is usually associated with the reaction of sulphuric acid …

Spectroscopic And Computational Study Of Β-Ethynylphenylene Substituted Zinc And Free-Base Porphyrins, John C. Earles, Keith C. Gordon, Adam W. I Stephenson, Ashton C. Partridge, David L. Officer

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A series of tetraphenylporphyrins appended at the β-pyrrolic position with an ethynylphenylene- or ethynylpyridine-substituent have been subjected to spectroscopic and density functional theory (DFT) analyses. The mean absolute deviation between corresponding experimental and DFT-derived vibrational spectra is up to 10.2 cm -1, suggesting that the DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d) method provides an accurate model of the β-substituted porphyrin systems. The configuration interactions that give rise to prominent electronic absorptions have been calculated using time-dependant DFT (TD-DFT) and have been rationalized with reference to the energy and topology of DFT calculated molecular orbitals. As the electron withdrawing capacity of the β-substituent increases the …

Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Trilobitomorpha: Trilobites, Anthony J. Wright, Roger A. Cooper

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This volume is the second of three that provide a complete review and inventory of New Zealand's entire living and fossil biodiversity - an international effort involving more than 220 New Zealand and overseas specialists and the most comprehensive of its kind in the world. Together, the three volumes will list every one of the almost 55,000 known species of New Zealand's animals, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. Volume 2 mostly deals with the major branch of the animal kingdom known as Ecdysozoa (moulting animals), which includes arachnids, centipedes and millipedes, crustaceans and insects. It also includes the enigmatic phylum Chaetognatha …

Soils Of Low Elevation Coral Structures, John Morrison

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The small islands of the South Pacific region, like many other parts of the world, arc (~\I\j riencing population growth and, more particularly, the movement of people into )11,1I1!1 urban centres. Most Pacific cities, especially the capitals of regional countries, arc locili ",I in naturally protected coastal waterways. This is a historical situation, arising from III,' need to provide protected deep-water harbours for ships, the main form of internaliol\,d travel and trade. These waters are protected by offshore barrier reefs, by islands or by ril(,1 ine deltas. However, these protective mechanisms also have the effect of limiting mix!II): of near-shore …

Conclusion: Tackling The 'Missing Scale' In Environmental Policy, Ruth Lane, Andrew W. Gorman-Murray

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The foregoing chapters have demonstrated that household sustainability is a complex issue that requires thoughtful discussion from multiple perspectives. Indeed throughout this collection we have encouraged a dialogical approach. On the one hand our aim has been to bring researchers from human geography and cultural studies into a productive dialogue around the material geographies of household sustainability. There has been enthusiastic cross-fertilisation of ideas and approaches shown through the chapters, which critically develop the interconnections between the material, socia-technical, culturaJ, embodied and political dimensions which make households function, with particular attention to how they (might) function in environmentally sustainable ways. …

The Moral Terrains Of Ecotourism And The Ethics Of Consumption, Robert Melchior Figueroa, Gordon R. Waitt

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of Western philosophical ethics as they may peliain to tourism. Our discussion then turns to one of the most popular attempts to address sustainability across the globe: ecotourism. Ecotourism as distinct from tourism writ large is earmarked by appeals to concepts and ethical practices peliaining to sustainability (in all its varied meanings), consumption, preservation, and the politics of colonialism and the dynamics of global development strategies. In order to bring the ethics of consumption into the context of ecotourism, we provide a case account of ecotourism that represents one of the more …

Remote Sensing Of Atmospheric Trace Gases By Ground-Based Solar Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Clare Paton-Walsh

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The changing composition of the earth’s atmosphere is a matter of intense scientific research as we strive to understand details of the physical and chemical mechanisms that control our climate. Fourier transform spectroscopy has been applied very successfully to the study of trace gases in the atmosphere by examining terrestrial atmospheric absorption lines in the infrared spectrum from the Sun. In fact many gases were first discovered in the atmosphere during the 1940’s from their absorption features in the infrared solar spectrum. These early optical absorption measurements of the atmosphere using the Sun as a source were made with grating …

Electronic Interactions Within Composites Of Polyanilines Formed Under Acidic And Alkaline Conditions. Conductivity, Esr, Raman, Uv-Vis And Fluorescence Studies, L Dennany, P C. Innis, S T. Mcgovern, Gordon G. Wallace, Robert J. Forster

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The properties of two forms of polyaniline (PAni) synthesised under acidic and basic conditions have been investigated both individually and as combined complexes. The PAni polymerised within alkaline media was redox inactive and non-conducting while the PAni emeraldine salt (ES) was electroactive and conducting. Raman, electron spin resonance, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to monitor the changes in electronic properties of these conducting polymer composites. Solution cast films of alkaline synthesised (A-PAni) with the PAni ES resulted in an increase in the high spin polaron population suggesting that it acts as a pseudodopant. The ability of the A-PAni to …

Paleoclimate From Corals, Helen V. Mcgregor

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Ocean- atmosphere interactions in the tropics have farreaching conscqucnccs for climate variabi lity across the globe. The tropics drive heat transfer to the poles, and tropical inter-annual oscillations such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), via atmospheric tcleconncctions, affcct rain rail patterns and climate conditions in arcas far bcyond the tropics (Ropelewski and Halpert, 1987), causing major socioeconomic impacts. Monitoring eIT0l1s have focused on improving obscrvations and undcrstanding of tropical climate variability, with the view to refining modeling or the tropical oceans and atmosphere. Despite these efforts, most instrumcntal records span only the past few …

Preparation And Characterisation Of Conducting Biopolymer-Carbon Nanotube Composite Materials, Ali Aldalbahi, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In this work, kappa-carrageenan (KC) is used to prepare composite dispersions consisting of single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs) carbon nanotubes. Free-standing composite films were prepared by evaporative casting and vacuum filtration of these dispersions.

Reappraising The Role Of Suburban Workplaces In Darwin's Creative Economy, Chris Brennan-Horley

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Traditionally, suburbs have been conceived as dormitory – in binary opposition to the inner-city (Powell). Supporting this stereotypical view have been gendered binaries between inner and outer city areas; densely populated vs. sprawl; gentrified terraces and apartment culture vs. new estates and first home buyers; zones of (male) production and creativity against (female) sedate, consumer territory. These binaries have for over a decade been thoroughly criticised by urban researchers, who have traced such representations and demonstrated how they are discriminatory and incorrect (see Powell; Mee; Dowling and Mee). And yet, such binaries persist in popular media commentaries and even in …

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) Remote Sensing For Hyperspatial Terrain Mapping Of Antarctic Moss Beds Based On Structure From Motion (Sfm) Point Clouds, A Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, D Turner

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This study is the first to use an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for mapping moss beds in Antarctica. Mosses can be used as indicators for the regional effects of climate change. Mapping and monitoring their extent and health is therefore important. UAV aerial photography provides ultra-high resolution spatial data for this purpose. The aim of this study is to use Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques to generate a detailed 3D point cloud of the terrain from overlapping UAV photography.

Influence Of Salicylic Acid On Alkaloid Production By Root Cultures Of Stemona Curtisii Hook. F., K. Chotikadachanarong, S. Dheeranupattana, Chaiwat Jatisatienr, S. Wangkarn, Pitchaya Mungkornasawakul, Stephen G. Pyne, Alison T. Ung, Thanapat Sastraruji

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

To enhance the production of oxyprotostemonine, stemocurtisine and stemocurtisinol (the important insecticidal alkaloids) by root cultures of Stemona curtisii Hook. F. (Thai vernacular, Non Tai Yak, Family Stemonaceae). The roots were cultured on semi-solid MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA with different concentrations of salicylic acid for 16 weeks. The quantity of the individual alkaloids was determined by HPLC. The highest production of oxyprotostemonine (7.192 mg/g dw), stemocurtisine (0.039 mg/g dw) and stemocurtisinol (0.197 mg/g dw) occurred when the roots were stimulated by 500 mg/L salicylic acid.

Preliminary Assessment Of The Handline (Banca) Fisheries In The Philippines (Fis/2009/033). Final Report, Ronald J. West, Mary Ann Palma, Noel Barut, Elaine Garvilles, Desiderio Ayanan

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Philippines, with an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 2.2 million sq. km, including over 7,000 islands, relies on fisheries as one of its major industries, sources of employment and in promoting food security. The hand-line fishery using bancas (or pump boats), catching commercially viable species such as tuna, is a major component of both municipal and commercial fisheries in the Philippines. Hand-line fishing is considered one of the most sustainable forms of fishing in the country. However, the economic significance of the hand-line fishery is increasingly threatened by a number of factors, including poor information on the fishery and …

Phytochemical Studies On Stemona Aphylla: Isolation Of A New Stemofoline Alkaloid And Six New Stemofurans, Thanapat Sastraruji, Sukanda Chaiyong, Araya Jatisatienr, Stephen G. Pyne, Alison T. Ung, Wilford Lie

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A new stemofoline alkaloid, (2′S)-hydroxy-(11S,12R)-dihydrostemofoline (3), new stemofurans M-R (8-13), and known compounds stemofoline (1), (2′S)-hydroxystemofoline (2), stemofuran E (4), stemofuran F (5), stemofuran J (6), and stilbostemin F (7) have been isolated from the root extracts of Stemona aphylla. The structures and relative configurations of these new compounds have been determined by spectroscopic data interpretation and from semisynthetic studies. These natural and semisynthetic alkaloids were tested for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities and were found to be 10-20 times less active than 1′,2′-didehydrostemofoline itself. Stemofurans 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Three of …

Understanding The Α-Crystallin Cell Membrane Conjunction, Shih-Ping Su, Jason D. Mcarthur, Michael G. Friedrich, Roger J. W Truscott, J. A. Aquilina

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

PURPOSE. It is well established that levels of soluble α-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm fall steadily with age, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin. Less well understood, is the mechanism driving this age-dependent membrane association. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the membrane and its associated proteins and peptides in the binding of α-crystallin.

METHODS. Fibre cell membranes from human and bovine lenses were separated from soluble proteins by centrifugation. Membranes were stripped of associated proteins with successive aqueous, urea and alkaline solutions. Protein constituents of the respective membrane isolates …