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2000

University of Massachusetts Amherst

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Articles 1 - 30 of 71

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Nelig / Nebic Meeting - December 1, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group Dec 2000

Nelig / Nebic Meeting - December 1, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group

New England Library Instruction Group

NELIG / NEBIC quarterly meeting.

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Nebic Meeting - August 18, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group Aug 2000

Nebic Meeting - August 18, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group

New England Library Instruction Group

NEBIC quarterly meeting.

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A Model Of The Implementation Of Quality Management Systems For Credence Attributes, Corinna Noelke, Julie Caswell Aug 2000

A Model Of The Implementation Of Quality Management Systems For Credence Attributes, Corinna Noelke, Julie Caswell

Julie Caswell

We develop a model of the impact of food quality management systems (QMS) on competitiveness and markets. QMS seek to control the quality of a product as determined by the array of individual attributes it possesses. To date only a few studies have attempted to better understand the effect of the introduction of quality management systems. No model has been introduced which captures the interactions within the supply chain and at the interface with consumers when these systems are introduced.

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Can We Protect Agricultural Land And The Scenic Rural Landscape? The Spatial Effects Of Three Land Protection Strategies In The Eastern United States, Elizabeth Brabec, Chip Smith Jun 2000

Can We Protect Agricultural Land And The Scenic Rural Landscape? The Spatial Effects Of Three Land Protection Strategies In The Eastern United States, Elizabeth Brabec, Chip Smith

Elizabeth Brabec

In order to assess the efficacy of the three most common types of agricultural land conservation in the United States, this study analyzes the spatial and visual quality of a purchase of development rights program and two regulatory programs — cluster and the transfer of development rights. The study compares the effectiveness of programs that have been in place for periods of 6 to 18 years, surveying three different communities in the urban fringe: 1. the transfer of development rights program in Montgomery County, Maryland, in effect since 1981, 2. Riverhead, New York’s farmland development rights acquisition program, administered by …

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Fragmentation, Impervious Surfaces And Water Quality: Quantifying The Effects Of Density And Spatial Arrangement, Elizabeth Brabec, Paul Richards, Stacey Schulte Jun 2000

Fragmentation, Impervious Surfaces And Water Quality: Quantifying The Effects Of Density And Spatial Arrangement, Elizabeth Brabec, Paul Richards, Stacey Schulte

Elizabeth Brabec

Impervious surfaces have for many years been recognized as an indicator of the intensity of the urban environment and, with the advent of urban sprawl, they have become a key issue in habitat health. In addition to the direct impacts to water quality, impervious surfaces fragment open space and habitat and are therefore a primary land use indicator of both water quality and ecological degradation. This paper develops an understanding of the land use planning implications of the interaction of impervious surfaces, water quality and the spatial form those surfaces take in a watershed. In order to clarify these relationships, …

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Nebic Meeting - May 12, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group May 2000

Nebic Meeting - May 12, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group

New England Library Instruction Group

NEBIC quarterly meeting.

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Consumer Choice Of Food Products And The Implications For Price Competition And For An Analysis Of Government Policy, Julie Caswell May 2000

Consumer Choice Of Food Products And The Implications For Price Competition And For An Analysis Of Government Policy, Julie Caswell

Julie Caswell

In this paper we develop a random coefficients discrete choice model to investigate what affected consumer demand for prepared frozen meals from 1993 to 1998, when government regulation of nutrition labeling changed from voluntary to mandatory. The model links individual consumer characteristics (e.g., income, knowledge about nutrition, nutrition label use) to underlying product characteristics (e.g., price, nutritional attributes) and allows us to obtain preference parameters for each consumer as well as demand elasticities with regard to product characteristics for each product considered. We find that prices, advertising, price reductions, and consumer preferences for taste have a significant effect on the …

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Research Ethics: An Introduction, Tom Regan Apr 2000

Research Ethics: An Introduction, Tom Regan

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

Research Ethics: an Introduction focuses both on how Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) fits into the field of applied ethics and on procedures for making decisions that have a moral component. Tom Regan presents “Morally Relevant Questions: A Check List” with the central theme of balancing conflicting obligations. We expand this discussion with several classic resources by well known experts in research ethics that articulate critical topics. We present a Case Study from The Association for Practical and Professional Ethics. We consider the question of professional codes and think about the toll of making the right decision. In the Additional …

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The Mentoring Of Graduate Students, Margaret King Apr 2000

The Mentoring Of Graduate Students, Margaret King

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

The Mentoring of Graduate Students presents basic issues that face both mentors and their protégés. Margaret King, the Graduate School, is our faculty guide for this module. We focus on some of the ethical values most central to the mentoring process such as justice and the idea of contracts. One of the challenges of the mentoring experience is that it involves rules and practices both tangible and intangible. Dr. King explores some of these intangibles- Right Attention, Right Balance, Right Empowerment and Right Boundaries- in the central essay and we focus on them additionally in our Central Theme section. We …

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Responsible Authorship And Peer Review, James Wilson Apr 2000

Responsible Authorship And Peer Review, James Wilson

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

Responsible Authorship and Peer Review presents the basic issues facing researchers at the publication stage of research. We focus on some of the ethical values particularly relevant to publication: honesty, objectivity, trust, collegiality, and the problem of power differentials. We present Jim Wilson’s Guidelines for Authors and the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) Guidelines: ORI has also posted extensive materials on authorship and peer review issues. We present a Case Study from The Association for Practical and Professional Ethics. We consider the challenges of peer review, especially in terms of innovation in research. In the Resources section, you will find …

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Professional Responsibility And Codes Of Conduct, Nell Kriesberg Apr 2000

Professional Responsibility And Codes Of Conduct, Nell Kriesberg

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

Professional Responsibility and Codes of Conduct presents an overview of major issues concerning professionalism as they relate to the Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR). Joe Herkert emphasizes both the micro (between individuals) and macro (between professionals and society) ethical dimensions of professional responsibility and codes of conduct. We compare ethical codes with aspects of moral theory, expanding the discussion with some of the classical readings for this topic. We present a case study from the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics. We consider the complex issue of whistle-blowing. We close with a sampling of additional resources.

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Human Subjects In Research, Matt Ronning Apr 2000

Human Subjects In Research, Matt Ronning

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

Human Subjects in Research presents basic ethical issues that face researchers when doing work with human participants. Matt Ronning, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research Administration Sponsored Programs and Regulatory Compliance, (SPARCS) is our guide for this module. In the Overview section we review chapters from two well known textbooks on Research Ethics. In the Applied Ethics section we focus on the consent form as a contract and comment upon the recurring topics of Justice and Honesty as they apply particularly to human subjects. In the Central Theme section we review institutional guidelines, both at the national and institutional level, utilizing …

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Rightdoing And Misconduct In Research, Rebeca Rufty, Nell Kriesberg Apr 2000

Rightdoing And Misconduct In Research, Rebeca Rufty, Nell Kriesberg

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

Rightdoing and Research presents the major issues concerning research integrity and misconduct; we intend this to be more of a reference handbook than the other modules in the series. Our faculty expert for this module is Becky Rufty, the Graduate School. Concepts of Rightdoing and integrity are discussed, and we expand the discussion with several key articles in the evolution of research ethics literature. Ethical concerns about ambiguity and trust are explored, as is the idea of micro and Macroethics. We focus on the resources at NC State University for promoting research integrity, as well as national guidelines. We present …

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Intellectual Property - Copyright, Peggy Hoon Apr 2000

Intellectual Property - Copyright, Peggy Hoon

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

The goal of this module is to present the major issues surrounding intellectual property (IP): rather than attempt to discuss all four types of IP, trademarks, trade secrets, patents and copyright, we will focus on copyright. Our Faculty Expert for this module is Peggy Hoon, Director of the Scholarly Communications Center, NC State University. The Overview section presents two chapters from two well known textbooks on research ethics. In the Applied Ethics portion we discuss the idea of the labor contract and the idea of the Intellectual Commons to clarify some of the more complex issues. In the Central Theme …

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Responsible Use Of Statistical Methods, Larry Nelson, Charles Proctor, Cavell Brownie Apr 2000

Responsible Use Of Statistical Methods, Larry Nelson, Charles Proctor, Cavell Brownie

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

Responsible Use of Statistical Methods focuses on good statistical practices. In the Introduction we distinguish between two types of activities; one, those involving the study design and protocol (a priori) and two, those actions taken with the results (post hoc.) We note that right practice is right ethics, the distinction between a mistake and misconduct and emphasize the importance of how the central hypothesis is stated. The Central Essay, Identification of Outliers in a Set of Precision Agriculture Experimental Data by Larry A. Nelson, Charles H. Proctor and Cavell Brownie, is a good paper to study. The Applied Ethics section …

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Science And The Media: Ethics Issues, Joann Burkholder Apr 2000

Science And The Media: Ethics Issues, Joann Burkholder

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

This module addresses the complex interface of research and the media; this interface necessarily involves issues of public policy, however, for the purposes of this module we will focus on media issues and touch on public policy in the Thinking Outside the Box section. For simplicity, when we refer to “media” we are speaking of journalists covering the science beat. In the Introduction we talk about the special collaboration between the media and the researcher and the challenges both face in communicating science to the public at large. We note the ethical component inherent in all communication and include quotations …

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Nebic Meeting - January 7, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group Jan 2000

Nebic Meeting - January 7, 2000, New England Library Instruction Group

New England Library Instruction Group

NEBIC quarterly meeting.

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Final Report On The Activities Of The Center For Immigrant And Refugee Community Leadership And Empowerment (Circle) Project: Covering The Period From 09/01/99 To 08/31/00, Sally R Habana-Hafner, Vachel W Miller, Michael Joseph Simsik, Cole D Genge Jan 2000

Final Report On The Activities Of The Center For Immigrant And Refugee Community Leadership And Empowerment (Circle) Project: Covering The Period From 09/01/99 To 08/31/00, Sally R Habana-Hafner, Vachel W Miller, Michael Joseph Simsik, Cole D Genge

Center for Immigrant and Refugee Community Leadership and Empowerment (CIRCLE) Project

No abstract provided.

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Historic Preservation In Waterfront Communities In Portugal And The Usa, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Carlos Balsas Jan 2000

Historic Preservation In Waterfront Communities In Portugal And The Usa, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Carlos Balsas

Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Faculty Publication Series

Portugal's seaport communities are undergoing substantial change. Once protected by the nation's closed economy and restrictions to cultural adaptation, they are now required to face increased competition, shifting markets, the need for increased efficiency and for new infrastructural systems. In addition to all this, the uses of those seaports need to be examined: will they be centers for fishing, freight activities or have mainly tourist functions? Clearly, the Portuguese seaports of tomorrow will not be the same as they are today. While seaport planners struggle with these issues, it is essential that they identify, protect and enhance those elements of …

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Reclaiming Brownfields: From Corporate Liability To Community Asset, K. A. Dixon Jan 2000

Reclaiming Brownfields: From Corporate Liability To Community Asset, K. A. Dixon

PERI Working Papers

As the U.S. economy continues to march through its longest peacetime economic expansion in history, most urban areas are experiencing healthy levels of economic activity and growth, and many cities are engaging in ambitious redevelopment and revitalization projects. Yet a strong economy does not necessarily translate into income or asset growth for all people. The benefits of the current economic boom have often bypassed impoverished communities in the midst of American cities (Clarke and Gaile 1995, 163).

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Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights, And Disaster Vulnerability, James K. Boyce Jan 2000

Let Them Eat Risk? Wealth, Rights, And Disaster Vulnerability, James K. Boyce

PERI Working Papers

Disaster-vulnerability reduction is an impure public good: when provided to one it is provided to others, but not equally provided to all. This means that in addition to the question of how much disaster-vulnerability reduction to provide, policy makers face the question of to whom it should be provided. This essay distinguishes between two broad classes of approaches to the latter question, one based on wealth, the other on rights.

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Globalization, Inequality And Financial Instability: Confronting The Marx, Keynes And Polanyi Problems In Advanced Capitalist Economies, Robert Pollin Jan 2000

Globalization, Inequality And Financial Instability: Confronting The Marx, Keynes And Polanyi Problems In Advanced Capitalist Economies, Robert Pollin

PERI Working Papers

Over the past 20 years, a widespread perception has emerged that a new stage has been reached in the relationship between capitalism and the nation-state. Globalization is the umbrella term—indeed the ubiquitous buzzword—conveying a sense the sense that a fundamental transformation is occurring in the contemporary world economy. Governments and opposition political parties around the world rewrite their economic programs to take account of the perceived new realities engendered by globalization. Books, articles (including this one) and editorial pronouncements all pour forth.

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Slow Growth, Destructive Competition, And Low Road Labor Relations: A Keynes-Marx-Schumpeter Analysis Of Neoliberal Globalization, James Crotty Jan 2000

Slow Growth, Destructive Competition, And Low Road Labor Relations: A Keynes-Marx-Schumpeter Analysis Of Neoliberal Globalization, James Crotty

PERI Working Papers

This essay begins with a brief overview of the standard arguments for and against global Neoliberalism and an overview of economic performance in the Neoliberal era. Section II argues that the micro theory appropriate to an analysis of the likely effects of global liberalization is not the neoclassical theory of perfectly competitive markets relied on by Neoliberal supporters, but Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of “natural oligopolies.” Section III presents a theory of the structural contradictions of global Neoliberalism that integrates a Keynesian-Marxian macro perspective with Schumpeterian and Marxian micro theory. The last section considers the political and policy 1implications of the …

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Redressing Ecological Poverty Through Participatory Democracy: Case Studies From India, Anil Agarwal, Sunita Narain Jan 2000

Redressing Ecological Poverty Through Participatory Democracy: Case Studies From India, Anil Agarwal, Sunita Narain

PERI Working Papers

For the rural poor – who depend above all the land for their survival – a central development challenge is to sustain a base of natural capital that can support a robust local economy. In India, government mismanagement of forests, grazing lands, and water resources has often alienated rural people and exacerbated resource degradation. This paper shows the potential to reverse these trends when local people gain control over natural resources and manage them through systems of participatory democracy. Four case studies from semi-arid, hilly regions of India illustrate how democratic control of natural assets can lay the basis for …

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Globalization And Redistribution: Feasible Egalitarianism In A Competitve World, Samuel Bowles Jan 2000

Globalization And Redistribution: Feasible Egalitarianism In A Competitve World, Samuel Bowles

PERI Working Papers

A reduction of impediments to international flows of goods, capital and professional labor is thought to raise the economic costs of programs by the nation state (and labor unions) to redistribute income to the poor and to provide economic security. But some of the more politically and economically successful examples of such policies -- for example Nordic social democracy and East Asian land reform-- have occurred in small open economies which would, on the above account, provide a prohibitive environment for egalitarian interventions. I present a model of globalization and redistribution to answer the following question: in a liberalized world …

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Problems Of Poverty And Marginalization, Keith Griffin Jan 2000

Problems Of Poverty And Marginalization, Keith Griffin

PERI Working Papers

Strange as it may seem, mainstream neoclassical economics has no concept of poverty. The concept used in neoclassical economics is utility or economic welfare, which following Pigou often is limited to those things which can be subjected to “the measuring rod of money”. It is assumed individuals attempt to maximize utility or welfare subject to a constraint, such as income. From an analytical perspective the level of utility, or the level of such things as wellbeing, income or expenditure is irrelevant; there is no notion in economics of insufficiency and hence of poverty. This is rather odd. None the less, …

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Problems Of Poverty And Marginalization, Keith Griffin Jan 2000

Problems Of Poverty And Marginalization, Keith Griffin

PERI Working Papers

Strange as it may seem, mainstream neoclassical economics has no concept of poverty. The concept used in neoclassical economics is utility or economic welfare, which following Pigou often is limited to those things which can be subjected to “the measuring rod of money”. It is assumed individuals attempt to maximize utility or welfare subject to a constraint, such as income. From an analytical perspective the level of utility, or the level of such things as wellbeing, income or expenditure is irrelevant; there is no notion in economics of insufficiency and hence of poverty. This is rather odd. None the less, …

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Open Spaces And Recreation Plan: Berkley, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development Jan 2000

Open Spaces And Recreation Plan: Berkley, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development

Center for Economic Development Technical Reports

The goal of this report was to preserve the country character of Berkley, Massachusetts; to protect the precious resources of air, water, soil and habitats; and to provide the public access to the rivers, forests and fields.

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A View To A Mountain, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development Jan 2000

A View To A Mountain, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development

Center for Economic Development Technical Reports

The purpose of this report was to examine the feasibility of submerging the overhead utilities that run along downtown streets, Main, Union, and Cottage, in the City of Easthampton, Massachusetts. To achieve this purpose, our team investigated the steps involved with submerging utilities and how the City of Easthampton might go through this process.

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Erving Usher Plant Revitalization, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development Jan 2000

Erving Usher Plant Revitalization, Umass Amherst Center Economic Development

Center for Economic Development Technical Reports

The purpose of this report was to make a plan to revitalize the Usher Plant in Erving, Massachusetts. The potential uses for the space are secondary to the question of structural integrity and extent of environmental contamination. The report raises these issues and gives some recommendations on how to proceed towards a resolution.

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