Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Body weight & unsignaled inescapable shock (1)
- Cardiovascular reactivity • Active coping • Social influence (1)
- Catholic (1)
- College students (1)
- Conference presentation (1)
-
- Depression (1)
- Finickiness about drinking quinine solution & human depression (1)
- Intrinsic religiousness (1)
- LANGUAGE (1)
- Protestant (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Rats & college students (1)
- Religion (1)
- Religious Experience (1)
- Religious coping (1)
- Stress-moderating effects (1)
- Test of helplessness model (1)
- Trait anxiety (1)
- Trauma and Surgery (1)
- Trauma; cirrhosis; survival (1)
- Publication
- File Type
Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Intrinsic Religiousness And Religious Coping As Life Stress Moderators For Catholics Versus Protestants, Lisa Smith, Crystal Park, Lawrence Cohen
Intrinsic Religiousness And Religious Coping As Life Stress Moderators For Catholics Versus Protestants, Lisa Smith, Crystal Park, Lawrence Cohen
Lisa Smith
Two prospective studies were conducted to test the stress-moderating effects of intrinsic religiousness and overall religious coping on the depression and trait anxiety of Catholic and Protestant college students. Both studies found a significant cross-sectional interaction between controllable life stress and religious coping in the prediction of Catholics' depression, with religious coping serving a protective function at a high level of controllable negative events. Both studies also found a significant prospective interaction between uncontrollable life stress and intrinsic religiousness in the prediction of Protestants' depression; the relationship between uncontrollable stress and depression was positive for low intrinsic Protestants, flat for …
Interpersonal Influence As Active Coping: Effects Of Task Difficulty On Cardiovascular Reactivity, Timothy Smith, Michael Baldwin, Alan Christensen
Interpersonal Influence As Active Coping: Effects Of Task Difficulty On Cardiovascular Reactivity, Timothy Smith, Michael Baldwin, Alan Christensen
Alan J. Christensen
This study examined the effects of attempting social influence on cardiovascular reactivity. Subjects were randomly assigned to a noncontingent reward condition or one of three conditions in which receipt of a monetary reward was contingent on their ability to influence another individual through a persuasive communication. In the contingent conditions, the task was presented as either easy, difficult, or very difficult. Measures of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded while subjects prepared and delivered the persuasive communication (contingent conditions) or reviewed and read aloud the same statement without an incentive to influence. The contingent conditions …
Individual Differences In Taste, Body Weight, And Depression In The "Helplessness" Rat Model And In Humans., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess
Individual Differences In Taste, Body Weight, And Depression In The "Helplessness" Rat Model And In Humans., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess
Clinton D Chapman
In Exp 1, exposure of rats to unsignaled, inescapable shock resulted in finickiness about drinking a weak quinine solution. In contrast, exposure to escapable shock resulted in marked individual differences in finickiness that were predicted by prestress body weight. A more sensitive index of finickiness was used in Exp 2, and a correlation between body weight and finickiness was observed in nonshocked rats. In Exp 3, measures of quinine reactivity and body weight predicted depressive symptomatology in a nonclinical human sample of 37 undergraduates. Although research in the helplessness paradigm usually focuses on environmental determinants of distress, the paradigm may …
Sex-Role Identity And Mental Ability, Gregory J. Boyle, Michael E. Bernard, Beverly F. Jackling
Sex-Role Identity And Mental Ability, Gregory J. Boyle, Michael E. Bernard, Beverly F. Jackling
Gregory J. Boyle
The central concern of this study was to explore the relationship between sex-role identity (measured by a bi-dimensional scale of masculinity and femininity) and field independence and scholastic intelligence. One hundred and forty Australian males and 181 females in grades 11 and 12 completed the Witkin Group Embedded Figures Test, the Otis Higher Test C of intelligence and a shortened version of the Bem Sex Role Identity Questionnaire. The correlation between performance on the Witkins and Otis was 0.53. Males performed significantly better on the Witkin and Otis than females. Males with lower masculinity scores scored better on the Otis …
Personality Characteristics Of Direct-Service Personnel In Community Residential Units, Gregory J. Boyle, Peter G. Comer
Personality Characteristics Of Direct-Service Personnel In Community Residential Units, Gregory J. Boyle, Peter G. Comer
Gregory J. Boyle
This study examined the personality profile of direct service personnel employed in community residential units for the intellectually disabled. Comprehensive assessment of both the normal and abnormal personality trait domains was carried out for a sample of 110 employees, using the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), a psychometric instrument which provides extensive coverage of the adult personality sphere. Mean CAQ scores for the sample implied a generally satisfactory level of emotional adjustment. Overall, direct service personnel exhibited a non-aberrant profile of personality trait scores across both the normal and abnormal CAQ factors. There was a notable lack of psychopathology. Only the …
Cirrhosis In The Trauma Victim --- Effect On Mortality-Rates, Glen Tinkoff, Michael Rhodes, Daniel Diamond, Joseph F. Lucke
Cirrhosis In The Trauma Victim --- Effect On Mortality-Rates, Glen Tinkoff, Michael Rhodes, Daniel Diamond, Joseph F. Lucke
Joseph Lucke
To evaluate the impact cirrhosis has on survival the records of 40 cirrhotic trauma victims from the registries of two Level 1 trauma centers were reviewed and probability of survival calculated using the TRISS methodology. Mechanism of injury, anatomic location, involvement of single or multiple sites, presence of ascites, elevations in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), and hypoalbuminemia were tabulated for each patient. Contingency tables were created for injury and hepatic parameters, as related to survival, and subjected to chi square analysis. Loglinear analysis was performed on all significant parameters to evaluate the …
Total Duration Weighed By Frequency: A Meaningful Measure?, James Dougan, W. Timberlake
Total Duration Weighed By Frequency: A Meaningful Measure?, James Dougan, W. Timberlake
James Dougan
No abstract provided.
What One Intelligence Test Measures: A Theoretical Account Of The Processing In The Raven Progressive Matrices Test, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just, Peter Shell
What One Intelligence Test Measures: A Theoretical Account Of The Processing In The Raven Progressive Matrices Test, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just, Peter Shell
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Modeling The Signal Features Of An Escape Response: The Effects Of Cessation Conditioning In The "Learned Helplessness" Paradigm., Nancy K. Dess, T. R. Minor, M. Trauner, C. Y. Lee
Modeling The Signal Features Of An Escape Response: The Effects Of Cessation Conditioning In The "Learned Helplessness" Paradigm., Nancy K. Dess, T. R. Minor, M. Trauner, C. Y. Lee
Nancy K Dess
Six experiments examined the effects of signaling the termination of inescapable shock (cessation conditioning) or shock-free periods (backward conditioning) on later escape deficits in the learned helplessness paradigm, using rats (Sprague-Dawley and Bantin-Kingman). A cessation signal prevented later performance deficits when highly variable inescapable shock durations were used during pretreatment. The inclusion of short minimum intertrial intervals during pretreatment did not alter the benefits of cessation conditioning but eliminated the protection afforded by a safety signal. The beneficial effects of both cessation and backward signals were eliminated when a single stimulus signaled shock termination and a shock-free period. Finally, a …