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2022

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Articles 1 - 30 of 975

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Language Issues Of Migrants During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Reimagining Migrant (Linguistic) Integration Programs In (Post-)Pandemic Times, Ariane Macalinga Borlongan Dec 2022

Language Issues Of Migrants During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Reimagining Migrant (Linguistic) Integration Programs In (Post-)Pandemic Times, Ariane Macalinga Borlongan

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This paper surveys the language issues experienced by migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently proposes a (linguistic) integration program for migrants, which is responsive and sensitive to their needs particularly during crises and emergencies. Migrants’ access to disease prevention and health care has been limited, and one of the reasons for this is the language barrier. Likewise, migrants have also voiced out their difficulty communicating with health care providers also because of language. Migrants have also felt isolation because of their inability to reach out to people who could likewise speak their language and they can communicate with. Another …

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Analysis Of Tourism Destinations Of Hok Lay Kiongtemple And The Impact For The Community, Aditya Noegroho, Budiman Mahmud Musthofa Dec 2022

Analysis Of Tourism Destinations Of Hok Lay Kiongtemple And The Impact For The Community, Aditya Noegroho, Budiman Mahmud Musthofa

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

The existence of the tourism sector is closely related to the SDGs or Sustainable Development Goals (sustainable development). The number of tourist visits is one element that can ensure an increase in the economic contribution of tourism. Researchers are interested in knowing the analysis of Hok Lay Kiong temple tourist destinations in Bekasi City using the theory of attractions, accessibility, amenities and ancillary and their impact on local residents. The method applied in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Research shows that accessibility to get to Hok Lay Kiong Temple can be reached easily by using the K02, K05, …

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The Perspective Of Increasing Entrance Fees Ontourist Destination For Conservation Or Monopoli Purpose, Army Tunggu Hariwanto Dec 2022

The Perspective Of Increasing Entrance Fees Ontourist Destination For Conservation Or Monopoli Purpose, Army Tunggu Hariwanto

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

As a big archipelago country Indonesia have many of tourist destination and attraction from east to west in whole over the archipelago. As much of its islands Indonesia have tourist destination which from nature give or even by human made. Tourist destination become one part that contain within one tour package that must visited by the tourist. Tourist must spend money to visit tourist destination and the cost will be different among them. From June until August there are few cases mentioned about increasing tourist destination entrance fees in several provinces and once become polemic among Indonesian citizen such entrance …

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Wild Animal Content Monetization On Youtube: A Literature Study, Melisa Bunga Altamira, Khairunnisa Devani Aqtus Permana Putri, Raden Muhammad Rafi Tata Samudra, Fildza Astri Yuliafni Dec 2022

Wild Animal Content Monetization On Youtube: A Literature Study, Melisa Bunga Altamira, Khairunnisa Devani Aqtus Permana Putri, Raden Muhammad Rafi Tata Samudra, Fildza Astri Yuliafni

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

Today's social media is used for various needs. Its nature is easily accessible and can penetrate space and time, making social media the main platform for sharing information or even selling products. Along with the massive use of social media, currently, users can not only use social media as an information-sharing platform but can also monetize their accounts through a variety of content that is presented. In recent years, the world of social media, especially YouTube, has been quite busy with content owned by monetized wildlife by public figures and celebrities. Wild animals are defined as animals or animals that …

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Energy Transition And Tourism Prospects In Indonesia, Istiadi Istiadi Dec 2022

Energy Transition And Tourism Prospects In Indonesia, Istiadi Istiadi

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

The Energy Transition is an effort to shift the use of fossil-based energy to non-fossil energy. Fossil-based energy is proven to cause pollution to the human environment. Meanwhile, non-fossil energy does not only have a positive impact on natural life so that it can have an impact on the tourism aspects of a region or country. This paper attempts to describe how the energy transition process is carried out and its relation to tourism in a region. The type of research carried out is qualitative research which originates from various secondary data both in the general media and in certain …

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Analysis Of The Role Of The Human Capital Groupin The Travel Procedure Of Pt Asuransi Jasa Indonesia As Tourism Support, Mohammad Ridha, Sila Fide Novira Nggebu Dec 2022

Analysis Of The Role Of The Human Capital Groupin The Travel Procedure Of Pt Asuransi Jasa Indonesia As Tourism Support, Mohammad Ridha, Sila Fide Novira Nggebu

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

In this era of globalization, competition in all fields is increasing, requiring companies to have high competitiveness. There are various ways to advance the company, one of them by carrying out business trip activities. PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia has SOP for business trip flows to run effectively and efficiently. The Human Capital Group is one of the work units involved and has an important role in business trip procedures. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of the Human Capital Group in the flow of business trip procedures and determine the advantages and disadvantages as well as …

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Determining Factors Of The Number Of Tourists In 30 Countriesusing Geographycally Weighted Panel Regression, Eirene Christina Sellyra, Dimas Anggara, Debrina Vita Ferezagia Dec 2022

Determining Factors Of The Number Of Tourists In 30 Countriesusing Geographycally Weighted Panel Regression, Eirene Christina Sellyra, Dimas Anggara, Debrina Vita Ferezagia

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the number of tourists in 30 countries. The research method used is quantitative.The research data is secondary data. The research unit is in the form of 30 countries of observation. The research variables were measured in three years of observation, namely 2018, 2019 and 2020. The variables used were the number of tourists (people), the currency exchange rate of tourist countries against the rupiah, GDP per capita, population density, visa-free visit, consumer price index, life expectancy, economic growth and imports. The results obtained are that the factors that influence the number …

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Movements In C Minor: Vocal Soundscapes In Eastern Amazonia (Araweté), Guilherme Orlandini Heurich Dec 2022

Movements In C Minor: Vocal Soundscapes In Eastern Amazonia (Araweté), Guilherme Orlandini Heurich

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This article examines the capture of forest spirits through music in the Anĩ pihi speech-songs of the Araweté, a small Amerindian society in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The Anĩ pihi are unique in their combination of spoken and sung forms, in which spirits and divinities are voiced by a ritual specialist. I explore how particular sounds index the presence of different kinds of others (gods and spirits), and how these sounds are, in turn, related to the use of reported speech – in other words, how others talk about other others in sung form. As such, the Anĩ pihi are a …

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“Cuando Crezca, Quiero Ser Fotógrafo”: Caminos De La Producción Audiovisual De Kamikia Kisêdjê, Rodrigo Lacerda, Ximena Flores Rojas, Tatiane Maíra Klein Dec 2022

“Cuando Crezca, Quiero Ser Fotógrafo”: Caminos De La Producción Audiovisual De Kamikia Kisêdjê, Rodrigo Lacerda, Ximena Flores Rojas, Tatiane Maíra Klein

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

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Camaraderie, Mentorship, And Manhood: Contemporary Indigenous Identities Among The A’Uwẽ (Xavante) Of Central Brazil, James R. Welch Dec 2022

Camaraderie, Mentorship, And Manhood: Contemporary Indigenous Identities Among The A’Uwẽ (Xavante) Of Central Brazil, James R. Welch

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Rites of passage and associated social processes and configurations can foster a sense of shared purpose, fraternity, and dedication to community through common experiences of group trials and commitment. A’uwẽ (Xavante) age organization entails the social production of manhood through a privileged form of male camaraderie constructed through age sets and mentorship, rooted in the shared experience of rites of passage and coresidence in the pre-initiate boys’ house. This process is central to how A’uwẽ men understand themselves, their social relations with certain delineated segments of society, and their ethnic identity. It is a basic social configuration contributing to the …

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Lessons Learned: Kevin Stiroh, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Kevin Stiroh, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Kevin Stiroh was head of the Financial Sector Analysis Supervision Group at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC). At the FRBNY, Stiroh was a leader in the design of the “stress test” for the banking system, the Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (SCAP). In the aftermath of the GFC, members of the FRBNY, including Stiroh, drafted a report on systemic risk and bank supervision, laying out lessons learned from the crisis and their recommendations. In February 2021, Stiroh transitioned from the FRBNY to a leadership position with the Federal Reserve Board …

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Lessons Learned: Gaurav Vasisht, Sandra Ward Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Gaurav Vasisht, Sandra Ward

Journal of Financial Crises

Gaurav Vasisht served as assistant counsel, banking and financial services, to the governor of New York during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC). In his role, Vasisht set the governor’s agenda for banking and financial policy and oversaw the regulatory and legislative priorities of the state banking and insurance departments. Vasisht played a pivotal role in developing and drafting consumer protection legislation, particularly as it related to housing foreclosures at the time of the crisis. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Vasisht that occurred on September 27, 2019.

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Lessons Learned: Veerathai Santiprabhob, Maryann Haggerty Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Veerathai Santiprabhob, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Veerathai Santiprabhob was the governor of the Bank of Thailand from 2015 to 2020, a period that included the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Earlier in his career, he was an economist at the International Monetary Fund. At the time of the 1997–1998 Asian Financial Crisis, he returned to his home country to take a position at the Ministry of Finance. There, he was involved with the government response to that financial crisis. From 2000 to 2015, he held private-sector finance jobs before going to lead the Bank of Thailand. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Santiprabhob …

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Lessons Learned: Erik Sirri, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Erik Sirri, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Erik Sirri served as director of the Division of Trading and Markets at the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2006 to 2009. In his post, he was responsible for matters relating to the regulation of stock and option exchanges, national securities associations, brokers-dealers, clearing agencies, transfer agents, and credit rating agencies. Before joining the SEC in 1996, he was an assistant professor of finance at the Harvard Business School from 1989 to 1995. Sirri served as the SEC’s chief economist until 1999, before returning to academia. He is currently a professor of finance at Babson College. His research …

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Lessons Learned: Claudia Sahm, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Claudia Sahm, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Claudia Sahm was a principal economist in the Division of Research and Statistics of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 2007 to 2017 and section chief for the Consumer & Community Development section in the Division of Consumer and Community Affairs from 2017 to 2019. Her work focused on macro forecasting; she also researched household behavior and responses to fiscal stimulus. While at the Fed, she proposed the Sahm Rule, a gauge to call the start of a recession, based on an average of the unemployment rate. The rule is part of Sahm’s work on the …

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Lessons Learned: Deborah Perelmuter, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Deborah Perelmuter, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Deborah Perelmuter has spent more than three decades with the Federal Reserve System. In 2008, as senior vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) and co-head of Capital Markets Analysis and Trading (CMAT) within the Markets Group, she was tasked with setting up the operational details of the Term Securities Lending Facility (TSLF). The TSLF auctioned Treasury securities to primary dealers in exchange for less liquid collateral to provide liquidity to those firms during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009. Perelmuter became senior financial stability adviser within the office of the director in the FRBNY’s Research …

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Lessons Learned: Hiroshi Nakaso, Maryann Haggerty Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Hiroshi Nakaso, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Hiroshi Nakaso joined the Bank of Japan (BOJ) in 1978, rising to deputy governor in 2013. He was instrumental in addressing Japan’s domestic crisis of 1997 and its response to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). He retired from the bank in 2018 and has since served as chairman of the Daiwa Institute of Research in Tokyo. This Lessons Learned summary is based on a November 2021 interview with Nakaso

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Lessons Learned: Patrick Honohan, Maryann Haggerty Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Patrick Honohan, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Patrick Honohan, an economist, was governor of the Central Bank of Ireland and a member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB) from September 2009 until November 2015. Early in his tenure, he led a team that investigated the causes of the Irish banking crisis that broke out in 2008 during the Global Financial Crisis. Resolving the problems of bank failure and over-indebtedness that emerged in that crisis dominated his term of office. In late 2010, Ireland had to request financial assistance from the “troika” of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Commission, and the European …

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Lessons Learned: Mike Leahy, Yasemin Sim Esmen Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Mike Leahy, Yasemin Sim Esmen

Journal of Financial Crises

Mike Leahy was associate director at the Federal Reserve Board’s Division of International Finance between 2008 and 2010. He was instrumental in establishing swap lines with foreign central banks and reviewed and reported on excess reserve balances and required interest payments to depository institutions. This Lessons Learned is based on a phone interview with Leahy on October 22, 2020.

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Lessons Learned: Andrew Gray, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Andrew Gray, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Andrew Gray joined the FDIC in 2007, after having been majority director of communications for the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and press secretary for US Senator Richard C. Shelby (R–AL). Gray’s initial project was a campaign to mark the 75th anniversary of the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); his role evolved into running crisis communications as the FDIC stepped in during several bank failures triggered by the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and conducted 489 bank resolutions during 2008–2013. After the crisis, the FDIC also assumed new responsibilities over the winding down of …

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Venezuela: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Corey N. Runkel Dec 2022

Venezuela: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Corey N. Runkel

Journal of Financial Crises

Leading up to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV) sought to tamp down inflation by raising its interest rate target and by raising the marginal reserve requirement for banks, which it had introduced in 2006. By late 2008, the GFC began to hit Venezuelan banks and the country’s public oil producer (PDVSA). Widespread deposit withdrawals squeezed banks and pushed the interbank lending rate to 28%. The BCV responded in December 2008 by lowering the marginal reserve requirement, applicable to deposits above 90 billion bolívars (USD 4.2 million), from 30% to 27% of deposits. It held …

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Thailand: Reserve Requirements, Afc, Ezekiel Vergara, Corey N. Runkel Dec 2022

Thailand: Reserve Requirements, Afc, Ezekiel Vergara, Corey N. Runkel

Journal of Financial Crises

Following years of growth, the Thai economy began showing confidence-busting signs in 1996, including a liquidity crunch. In May 1997, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) announced that it would expand the list of short-term assets that banks and finance companies could use to satisfy the BOT’s liquidity reserve requirement, including obligations of the Financial Institution Development Fund (FIDF), which provided liquidity support to illiquid financial institutions. In the summer of 1997, the BOT suspended the operations of 58 finance companies and floated the Thai baht (THB), unleashing the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC). Tight liquidity conditions continued and, in September 1997, …

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Russia: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Benjamin Hoffner Dec 2022

Russia: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Benjamin Hoffner

Journal of Financial Crises

In August 2008, Russian banks and financial markets experienced significant capital outflows after Russia invaded neighboring Georgia. The collapse of Lehman Brothers on September 15 led to further outflows and a 25% drop in Russia’s main stock index. On September 17, regulators halted stock-market trading. Later that day, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) announced cuts to the three required reserve ratios (RRRs) it imposed on commercial banks—based on their ruble liabilities to foreign banks, ruble liabilities to individuals, and other liabilities—by 400 basis points, effective September 18, in an effort to promote banking sector liquidity. The CBR …

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Russia: Reserve Requirements, 1998, Benjamin Hoffner Dec 2022

Russia: Reserve Requirements, 1998, Benjamin Hoffner

Journal of Financial Crises

During the 1998 ruble crisis, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) relied on reserve requirements (RR) to bring stability to the ruble’s exchange rate corridor and, over time, to inject liquidity into the frozen domestic banking system. First, in February 1998, the CBR unified the RR ratio on ruble and foreign currency liabilities to facilitate ruble financing. Second, after the devaluation of the ruble in August, the CBR lowered the RR ratio to provide liquidity to the banking system. Third, the CBR revised the computation of the RR ratio to provide relief to banks in an effort to …

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Peru: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Sean Fulmer, Bailey Decker Dec 2022

Peru: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Sean Fulmer, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

Peru experienced the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC) in two distinct phases. First, starting in the summer of 2007, record capital inflows to the Peru banking sector contributed to an overheating economy. The Banco Central de Reserva del Perú (BCRP) responded in September 2007 by removing reserve requirements on long-term external credit to promote long-term, rather than short-term, capital inflows. In February 2008, for similar reasons, it began to raise the ordinary minimum reserve requirement on bank liabilities and implemented new marginal reserve requirements on increases in those liabilities. Second, when the collapse of the US investment bank Lehman …

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Malaysia: Reserve Requirements, Afc, Bailey Decker Dec 2022

Malaysia: Reserve Requirements, Afc, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) unpegged the ringgit in July 1997, days after Thailand floated the baht. Ringgit depreciation and adverse investor sentiment worsened, contributing to a domestic liquidity shortage and capital flight. Malaysia experienced market instability in the early months of 1998, particularly pressure on its exchange rate, foreign currency reserves, and interest rates. At the same time, disruptions in the domestic money market and loan intermediation process caused an increase in lending rates, which resulted in debt servicing problems and weakened financial stability. To facilitate lending and productive economic activity, BNM twice lowered the statutory reserve requirement (SRR) at …

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India: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Sharon Nunn, Carey K. Mott Dec 2022

India: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Sharon Nunn, Carey K. Mott

Journal of Financial Crises

As international funding sources dried up during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC), businesses in India sought funds from domestic financial institutions, straining banks and lifting short-term lending rates. The liquidity pressure, coupled with sharp asset price corrections and rupee depreciation, restricted credit expansion in India. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) responded with a suite of liquidity measures, including cuts to its two reserve requirement ratios, the cash reserve ratio (CRR) and the statutory liquidity ratio (SLR). The RBI cut the CRR over the course of four months from October 2008 to January 2009, lowering the ratio from …

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Jamaica: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Corey N. Runkel Dec 2022

Jamaica: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Corey N. Runkel

Journal of Financial Crises

In October 2008, the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and liquidity shortages rocked American and European markets, causing investors to exit liquid Jamaican-dollar assets. The Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) feared a “disorderly depreciation” in the Jamaican-dollar (JMD) exchange rate to the US dollar (BOJ 2009, 44). In response, the BOJ raised required reserve ratios for cash and other liquid assets, the first increases since 2002. The BOJ raised reserve ratios three times—in December 2008, January 2009, and February 2009—because the central bank could not change its requirements by more than 200 basis points per month. The BOJ raised the requirement for …

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Czech Republic: Reserve Requirements, 1997, Benjamin Hoffner Dec 2022

Czech Republic: Reserve Requirements, 1997, Benjamin Hoffner

Journal of Financial Crises

In the first quarter of 1997, fiscal and current account deficits in the Czech Republic put pressure on the koruna’s pegged exchange rate as capital flowed out of the domestic economy. Although the Czech National Bank (CNB) committed to tight monetary policy to protect the peg, on April 11, the CNB announced a lowering of the minimum reserve requirement (RR) ratio from 11.5% to 9.5%, effective May 8. The RR ratio (RRR) reduction (RRR) reflected a compromise with the government, which had petitioned the central bank to ease monetary policy. To improve the balance of payments, the government also implemented …

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Colombia: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Natalie Leonard, Bailey Decker Dec 2022

Colombia: Reserve Requirements, Gfc, Natalie Leonard, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

On May 6, 2007, the Bank of the Republic (BR), the central bank of Colombia, introduced countercyclical marginal reserve requirements (RRs) on increases in banks’ deposit accounts to constrain leverage and credit risk in the financial system. A month later, the BR also raised the ordinary RR on outstanding deposit balances. The BR kept those requirements in place for more than a year. In June 2008, when the effects of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) began to temper economic and credit growth, the BR eliminated marginal RRs. Also in June 2008, however, the BR raised the ordinary RR on outstanding …

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