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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 4044
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Siblings Of Children With Autism: A Family Systems Approach, Mina Ohata
Siblings Of Children With Autism: A Family Systems Approach, Mina Ohata
Masters Theses
In the present study, experiences and perceptions of siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder, as well as their mothers, were examined using family systems theory as a guideline. Because previous researchers reported inconsistent findings related to possible positive and negative effects of having a sibling with an autism spectrum disorder, the present study collected descriptive data by means of interviews in order to obtain in-depth information. Five siblings (ages ranged from 6 to 14) of children with an autism spectrum disorder and their mothers participated in the study and described in their own words their experiences of having …
Constitutive Walls: The U.S.-Mexico Border Fence And Constructing Identity, Mary Katherine Klipp
Constitutive Walls: The U.S.-Mexico Border Fence And Constructing Identity, Mary Katherine Klipp
Masters Theses
The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the growing literature of constitutive rhetoric, originally coined by Maurice Charland. Through a case study of the US/Mexico border fence, I illustrate that the communicative tactics of articulation, appropriation and image events have the potential to act as interpellative strategies of identity construction. Through my analysis, I show how these strategies function in constitutive rhetoric in both verbal discourses and in visual rhetoric through image events. I also note that the lack of discourses in an argument may have implications that are equally significant to those that are present.
The Frequency, Attitudes, And Beliefs Of Sexting Among College Students, Amanda Woolard
The Frequency, Attitudes, And Beliefs Of Sexting Among College Students, Amanda Woolard
Masters Theses
Through the use of various forms of media, "sexting" has become a phrase common in contemporary society. Although the definition has varied through the past years, a recent study by Elizabeth Eraker (2010) stated, "sexting refers to the self-production and distribution by cell phone of sexually explicit images in the course of consensual, voluntary activity by teenagers" (p. 557). The purpose of this research was to assess the frequency of sexting, attitudes regarding sexting, and the beliefs to engage in sexting among the college population. The current study ( 1) examined the frequency of sexting among college students, (2) explored …
A Mother's Consumer Socialization: The Relationship With Her Daughter's Compulsive Buying Behavior, Autumn L. Berbaum
A Mother's Consumer Socialization: The Relationship With Her Daughter's Compulsive Buying Behavior, Autumn L. Berbaum
Masters Theses
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between a daughter's perception of her mother's consumer socialization (both overt and covert) and the development of compulsive buying behavior of that child as an adult. Previous studies suggest that mothers socialize their children into the consumers that they become as adults. The participants in this study were female students at a Midwestern university, ranging in age from 17 to 25, who designated themselves as those who "love to shop." Data were collected via a multi-part questionnaire. The results of this study suggested that mothers' buying behaviors have an influence …
Analysis Of Team Trust Building Behaviors In Virtual Workplace Teams, Natasha Von Sommer
Analysis Of Team Trust Building Behaviors In Virtual Workplace Teams, Natasha Von Sommer
Masters Theses
Teams are becoming increasingly vital to many organizations. Due to globalization organizations have started to utilize virtual workplace teams. Members of virtual workplace teams typically interact electronically however they may occasionally meet face-to-face. It can be difficult for a virtual workplace team to succeed due to anonymity, lack of control, lack of physical proximity, inefficiencies in information technology and lack of trust. Trust is a key factor in the success of a virtual workplace team. Trust is examined to determine which trust building behavior is most effective at building virtual workplace team trust.
The Graying Of Facebook: Emerging Adults And Their Parents As Facebook Friends (Fbf), Jodi M. Jackson
The Graying Of Facebook: Emerging Adults And Their Parents As Facebook Friends (Fbf), Jodi M. Jackson
Masters Theses
Emerging adults and their parents have a unique relationship, especially during the transition into emerging adulthood. More specifically, as emerging adults and their parents navigate the waters of being Face book friends (FBF), they must learn to negotiate dialectical tensions, along with other prominent issues such as boundary management, impression management, managing tensions, and ease of communication Facebook provides. The core of this study centers around Baxter and Montgomery's (1996) theory on Relational Dialectics. Interviews with both emerging adults and their parents were conducted and analyzed to provide the results of this study. This study explores the intersection between social …
The Relationship Between School Belongingness And Drop Out Rates, Lauren Sanders
The Relationship Between School Belongingness And Drop Out Rates, Lauren Sanders
Masters Theses
The present study investigated the relationship between several measures of school belongingness and drop out rates for 22 high schools in a Midwestern state. Measures of school belongingness were taken from students' responses to the adapted version of the Center for Disease Control for the Department of Health and Human Service's Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Results indicated that the relationship between items addressing school belongingness (i.e., the student's feeling comfortable in, being respected in, feeling that school contributes to his or her experience in an important way, and feeling connected to the larger school community) and drop out rates …
A Between Subjects Analysis Of The Additive Interspersal Technique For Multiplication Assignments, Lindsay A. Nash
A Between Subjects Analysis Of The Additive Interspersal Technique For Multiplication Assignments, Lindsay A. Nash
Masters Theses
Adding easy problems to an assignment with more difficult target problems, known as additive interspersal, has demonstrated the potential to enhance students' perceptions of assignments and also seem to be preferred over non-interspersal assignments. The purpose of this study is to examine the additive interspersal method accomplished by using assignment types (3 x 2 multiplication) that are relevant to the participants (fifth grade students) as well as using a between-subjects design. Specifically, this study examined student's ratings of difficulty, time to complete, and effort required to complete mathematics assignments. In addition, the effects of the different pairs of math assignments …
Happiness And Me: An Exploratory Study Of Parental And Romantic Attachments And Self-Esteem And Their Effects On Adulthood Body Image Dissatisfaction, Stephanie Kibble
Happiness And Me: An Exploratory Study Of Parental And Romantic Attachments And Self-Esteem And Their Effects On Adulthood Body Image Dissatisfaction, Stephanie Kibble
Masters Theses
In this study, the author investigated parental attachments, self-esteem, and romantic satisfaction as they related to the cognitive and affective components of the selfconcept when represented through Body Image Dissatisfaction (BID). The study was a within-subject design with 70 participants. They participants were instructed to report their feelings about each of these variables through 4 questionnaires. Individuals with low self-esteem identified as having increased BID as compared to those individuals with high self-esteem. Compared with those who reported supportive parental attachments, individuals with a highly overprotective mother reported higher BID. Multiple regression analysis indicated that gender had no significant impact …
Using Alternating Treatment Design To Determine Math Interventions For Linear Equations, Bridget Mckenna
Using Alternating Treatment Design To Determine Math Interventions For Linear Equations, Bridget Mckenna
Masters Theses
Although algebraic skills are vital to continuing success in higher order mathematics, few studies have examined the effectiveness of mathematics interventions with high school students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four mathematics interventions, contingent reinforcement, repeated practice, mathematic problem previewing, and immediate corrective feedback, with six students working on linear equations. Three participants were performing instructional level and four at frustration level. After a curriculum based assessment and baseline, an alternating treatment design examined the effectiveness of each intervention across participants. The distance between the data and the x axis was analyzed to determine …
School Attachment And The Use Of Alcohol Among Rural High School Students, Michelle L. Weiler
School Attachment And The Use Of Alcohol Among Rural High School Students, Michelle L. Weiler
Masters Theses
The present study examined the relationship between school attachment and alcohol use in rural communities to determine if students with high levels of school attachment were less likely to participate in alcohol use. Participants included 4,768 high schools students in the largest rural geographic educational region in the state of Illinois. The students participated in a program called I Sing the Body Electric and completed a survey which asked questions including how well students are attached to their school and alcohol use. Chi square goodness of fit tests were used to analyze student's reporting of school attachment, how old they …
Paths To Citizenship: A Comparative Study Of Japan, Germany And Sweden, Marisha L. Lecea
Paths To Citizenship: A Comparative Study Of Japan, Germany And Sweden, Marisha L. Lecea
Masters Theses
This paper examines citizenship policy in Japan, Germany and Sweden in an attempt to explain why some rich, democratic nations have high rates of naturalization and non-restrictive paths to citizenship, while others have negligible rates of naturalization and very restrictive policies. Japan has a very restrictive policy while Sweden has a very open policy. Germany is a mid-level case that has moved from more restrictive to less restrictive over the last several years. In this paper I look at the explanatory potential of internal, institutional, and external variables. I use data from the W orId Values Survey to compare domestic …
Bridging The Gap: Intercultural Friendship Between Chinese And Americans, Zhuo Feng Li
Bridging The Gap: Intercultural Friendship Between Chinese And Americans, Zhuo Feng Li
Masters Theses
This research aims to explore Chinese and American students' intercultural friendship experiences on a U.S. campus. Twenty-five Chinese international students and twenty-five U.S. nationals participated in the study. Q-methodology was adopted in this research. Three of Hosftede's cultural dimensions (low/high power distance, individualism/collective, and masculinity/femininity) and Hall's concept of low/high context culture were used as a theoretical framework for this study. First, qualities that Chinese and Americans consider important in their friendships in each of their own culture were identified. Then this study found out that long-established expectations and understanding of friendship of both Chinese and Americans were challenged while …
Breaking Down The Walls: Divorce And The Effects It Had On A Child's Communication In Relationships Outside Of The Family, Jennifer Maddox
Breaking Down The Walls: Divorce And The Effects It Had On A Child's Communication In Relationships Outside Of The Family, Jennifer Maddox
Masters Theses
There is no question that divorce is prevalent in our society today. This paper discussed a study about the effects divorce has on an adolescent girl's communication with adults outside of her family. The hypothesis was that divorce negatively effects a child's communication with adults outside of their family. The two methodologies used to conduct this study were Narrative Analysis and Q-sort. The ten participants for the Narrative Analysis method were asked whether they thought their parents divorce effected their communication with adults outside of their family, and whether the effect was negative or positive. They were also asked to …
An Interdisciplinary Theoretical Interpretive Synthesis Examining The Barriers To Implementing Restorative Justice As The Standard Paradigm Of Adult Criminal Justice Within The Context Of The United States, Matthew J. Van Maastricht
An Interdisciplinary Theoretical Interpretive Synthesis Examining The Barriers To Implementing Restorative Justice As The Standard Paradigm Of Adult Criminal Justice Within The Context Of The United States, Matthew J. Van Maastricht
Masters Theses
A systemic paradigm shift of any sort is complex and multifaceted. A systemic paradigm shift of justice is no different. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers that exist in a systemic paradigm shift from retributive justice to restorative justice. The methodology for this study is an interpretive synthesis of literature on restorative justice and consists of primarily theoretical literature. The literature for this study came from a variety of disciplines (e.g. psychology, criminal justice, sociology, and social work) in order to obtain a holistic perspective. A tripartite analysis was conducted using three perspectives: criminal justice, social …
An Interdisciplinary Theoretical Interpretive Synthesis Examining The Barriers To Implementing Restorative Justice As The Standard Paradigm Of Adult Criminal Justice Within The Context Of The United States, Matthew J. Van Maastricht
An Interdisciplinary Theoretical Interpretive Synthesis Examining The Barriers To Implementing Restorative Justice As The Standard Paradigm Of Adult Criminal Justice Within The Context Of The United States, Matthew J. Van Maastricht
Masters Theses
A systemic paradigm shift of any sort is complex and multifaceted. A systemic paradigm shift of justice is no different. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers that exist in a systemic paradigm shift from retributive justice to restorative justice. The methodology for this study is an interpretive synthesis of literature on restorative justice and consists of primarily theoretical literature. The literature for this study came from a variety of disciplines (e.g. psychology, criminal justice, sociology, and social work) in order to obtain a holistic perspective. A tripartite analysis was conducted using three perspectives: criminal justice, social …
Discovering The Vision In Beth Moore's "Breaking Free" Message: Applying Bormann's Fantasy Theme Analysis To Evaluate The Message, April Nicole Pressley
Discovering The Vision In Beth Moore's "Breaking Free" Message: Applying Bormann's Fantasy Theme Analysis To Evaluate The Message, April Nicole Pressley
Masters Theses
Beth Moore, Christian speaker and author, has become a prominent figure in Christian circles. She ministers to over a million people a year with her messages. Breaking Free is her "life message." This project analyzes 6 of 11 messages from Breaking Free. Using Bormann's Fantasy Theme Analysis, seven fantasies emerged from the messages, which yielded a rhetorical vision that describes what Beth Moore believes a woman should be like after hearing her message. After that analysis, the fantasies where compared to evangelical Christian doctrine. That analysis determined that Moore's underlying message is valid and acceptable to the Christian audience she …
Examining Industry Concentration In The Plant Biotechnology Sector, Heather Renee Williams
Examining Industry Concentration In The Plant Biotechnology Sector, Heather Renee Williams
Masters Theses
The core focus of this research is to recognize industry concentration in the plant biotechnology sector. The literature review examines institutional dynamics affecting the industry - discussing the importance of innovation, and how the government can influence the industry to remain competitive. An examination of a few key firms' history and evolution helps explain the structure of the plant biotech industry. The research also provides examples of what crops are being altered using biotechnology, and why companies are willing to spend money to gain the rights to this research. This article compiles plant biotechnology US field trial data from 2000 …
An Examination Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve For Methyl Bromide, Jordan D. Pepper
An Examination Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve For Methyl Bromide, Jordan D. Pepper
Masters Theses
This study investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with respect to methyl bromide consumption by examining a sample data for 92 countries between the years 1990-2001. The study concludes that methyl bromide consumption does not appear to exhibit an EKC type relationship, and that a number of variables significantly impact methyl bromide consumption.
Oral Reading Fluency And Maze Selection For Predicting 5th And 6th Grade Students' Reading And Math Achievement On The Illinois Standards Achievement Test, Samuel Whitley
Masters Theses
This study sought to examine the relationship between two reading curriculum based measures ( oral reading fluency and MAZE) and the reading and mathematics subsections of the Illinois Standards Achievement Test (ISA T) at the 5th and 6th grades. It was predicted that MAZE would be better at predicting who would pass the ISAT than oral reading fluency. Bivariate correlations were conducted between each curriculum based measure and each subsection of the ISA T. Simple linear regression analyses were also conducted to derive cut scores for predicting ISAT performance. The ability of each curriculum based measure to predict student performance …
The Big Five Personality Traits As Predictors Of Academic Maturity, Ryan W. Althoff
The Big Five Personality Traits As Predictors Of Academic Maturity, Ryan W. Althoff
Masters Theses
Big Five measures of personality have long been used to assess the relationship between personality and academic performance. The Academic Maturity Scale (AMS), a 101-item instrument designed to identify the skills, strategies, and motivations that are shared among successful students, has been shown to be correlated with academic performance (Addison, Althoff, & Pezold, 2009). In the present study, I assessed the relationship between personality characteristics and academic maturity, specifically which personality characteristics are the best predictors of academic maturity. I administered the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991) and AMS to 163 students from introductory and upper …
The Best Predictors Of Self-Reported Depressed Mood In Adolescents, Melissa H. Wineberg
The Best Predictors Of Self-Reported Depressed Mood In Adolescents, Melissa H. Wineberg
Masters Theses
The present study examined multiple predictors of depression simultaneously in order to determine which variables best predict self-reported depressed mood in adolescents. Although the current literature has identified several individual variables and their relationship to depression in adolescents, few studies have investigated multiple variables at the same time in relation to depression. Participants included 4,693 high school students from a Midwestern state. Of these students, 4 7% were girls, 4 7% were boys, and 6% did not indicate their gender. These students attended various high schools across seven counties and were recruited for a health prevention program called I Sing …
The Role Of Remedial Work: A Look At Re-Offending, John M. Koth
The Role Of Remedial Work: A Look At Re-Offending, John M. Koth
Masters Theses
Many studies have evaluated the usefulness of remedial work ( apologies, excuses, and justifications) after a transgression or injustice has been committed. The present study tested the effectiveness of remedial work after a first, and then a second transgression. One hundred and sixty undergraduates read a vignette describing a social transgression. This was followed by either an apology, an excuse, a justification or no remedial work. After completing variables rating their reactions to the vignette, participants were asked to read a second vignette and to answer the same questions. During the analyses, two justifications used in the study were found …
Social Anxiety And Problematic Drinking In College Students: The Influence Of Alcohol Expectancies And Gender, Jackie Kuhn
Social Anxiety And Problematic Drinking In College Students: The Influence Of Alcohol Expectancies And Gender, Jackie Kuhn
Masters Theses
Problematic drinking among college-aged students represents a serious problem. Research has focused on predictors of problematic drinking, including cognitive distortions and alcohol expectancies. In addition, symptoms of social anxiety have been · related to college student drinking. This paper reviews the literature on the link between social anxiety and problematic drinking and describes a study examining this link. Specifically, this study expanded on the existing literature by testing the mediating ability of positive alcohol expectancies as well as assessing depressive symptoms and their relationship to drinking behaviors. The main model in this study incorporated social anxiety and problematic drinking with …
Behavioral Mediators And Moderators Of Adolescent Victimization And Suicidal Behavior, Brett J. Litwiller
Behavioral Mediators And Moderators Of Adolescent Victimization And Suicidal Behavior, Brett J. Litwiller
Masters Theses
This study examined the relationship between victimization and suicide in adolescents. It was hypothesized that substance use, violent behavior, and risky sexual behavior would all increase adolescent suicide risk and mediate the relationship between adolescent victimization and suicide. It was further hypothesized that parental support, dietary nutrition, and physical activity would decrease suicide risk and moderate the relationship between adolescent victimization and adolescent suicide. To test these hypotheses, selfreport surveys were administered to 4,700 public high school students. Regression analyses of data indicated that the amount of victimization significantly predicted the amount of suicidal behavior reported. Similarly, substance use, violent …
Facial Recognition System Screening Evaluation Methodology For Complexion Biases, Harold Harris
Facial Recognition System Screening Evaluation Methodology For Complexion Biases, Harold Harris
Masters Theses
Over the years, facial recognition systems (FRS) have come under scrutiny from watchdog groups who voice their complaints concerning the potential existence of FRS biases towards certain cultures of people when deployed in security screening situations. Psychology has used the term "other-race effect" to describe this occurrence in humans. Researchers of FRS have used the theory behind the other-race effect to describe the occurrence of bias associated with algorithms tested during the Face Recognition Vendor Test of 2006. In this thesis, we develop a scientific methodology based on the factors of illumination, distance, and angle to evaluate whether or not …
A Comparison Of The Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children Third Edition And The Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children Fourth Edition, Alyson M. Taylor
A Comparison Of The Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children Third Edition And The Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children Fourth Edition, Alyson M. Taylor
Masters Theses
There are no specific guidelines to determine when or why intelligence tests should be revised; however, revisions typically occur every 10 to 15 years to keep up with the moderate change in IQ over time, known as the Flynn effect (Flynn, 1984, 1987). Revisions also eliminate and update outdated items, content, and materials; extend age ranges, floors, and ceilings; as well as incorporate new theoretical changes. To assess cognitive abilities the Wechsler Scales are frequently used by clinical and school psychologists. Previous studies comparing versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) found significant correlations (.80s and .90s) and …
Bridging The Digital Divide: Framing Whiteness, Martha L. Wilkinson
Bridging The Digital Divide: Framing Whiteness, Martha L. Wilkinson
Masters Theses
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 signed by President Obama established the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP) for the purpose of building and strengthening broadband infrastructures. (National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 2010). In the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana, Illinois efforts were made by a local Broadband Access Committee (BAC) to obtain funding for various projects. One project involved installing fiber-optic rings to connect buildings including schools, hospitals, and police/fire departments, along with other vital agencies. Additionally, this money would also be utilized to bring fiber to the home (FTTH) to neighborhoods indentified as underserved. Additional grants …
The Relationship Between The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator And The Dispositional Resistance To Change Scale, Thomas A. Rausch
The Relationship Between The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator And The Dispositional Resistance To Change Scale, Thomas A. Rausch
Masters Theses
The purpose of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of relationship between resistance to change and personality preference types. A survey was developed and administered to graduate students in the School of Technology at Eastern Illinois University. A total of 33 students responded. The surveys compared levels of resistance to organizational change to Myers Briggs Type Indicator preference types on each indices of personality. Results of this study indicated that the level of resistance to change based upon personality preference types is not significant. Recommendations for practice and recommendations for further research are discussed.
Technical Efficiency Of Farmers In Ethiopia: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach, Askal Ayalew Ali
Technical Efficiency Of Farmers In Ethiopia: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach, Askal Ayalew Ali
Masters Theses
This study is to investigate the farmer's efficiency in Ethiopia. The stochastic production function is applied to estimate the technical efficiency of farmers. Using 2006 survey data conducted by the World Bank in collaboration with Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, shows that farmers produce under the production frontier, and the average technical efficiency of the farmers is 62.4 percent. Variation in efficiency comes from many factors, however, this study focuses on extension program participation, education, and land ownership. Lack of extension program and education cause inefficiencies of 59.8 percent and 60.21 percent respectively. Land ownership is found to have mixed …