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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Extraordinary Rendition, Victims’ Rights And State Obligations, Amy M. L. Tan
Extraordinary Rendition, Victims’ Rights And State Obligations, Amy M. L. Tan
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
This paper draws on the recently published reports by The Constitution Project’s Task Force on Detainee Treatment and the Open Society Justice Initiative to explore the issue of human rights violations committed by the United States and its partners via the extraordinary rendition program. It focuses on two specific human rights violations, torture and refoulement, and the legal obligations these violations trigger. It examines the obligation to compensate victims specifically and reviews how former detainees have exercised their rights to reparation. The inquiry reflects on the challenges for those seeking reparation and opportunities for non-state actors to contribute to that …
For Want Of A Credible Voter Registry: Do Problems In Voter Registration Increase The Likelihood Of Electoral Violence?, Michael R. Snyder
For Want Of A Credible Voter Registry: Do Problems In Voter Registration Increase The Likelihood Of Electoral Violence?, Michael R. Snyder
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
In the wake of deadly 2007-2008 elections in Kenya, the topic of electoral violence is attracting increasing international attention. One study theorizes that norms of electoral integrity play a critical role in determining outbreaks of violence during the election cycle. Using statistical analysis of data based on international election observer reports, this paper acquires a greater understanding of which violations of electoral integrity, such as vote fraud or restrictions on media, are associated with increases in electoral violence. The preliminary findings indicate that the hypothesized variables of voter intimidation and vote fraud are associated with electoral violence, but more surprising …
Infinite Money And Infrastructural Power: Analyzing The Fiscal Determinants Of English State Building, 1689–1789, John Louis
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
Geographically limited with a small population and few resources, how did England achieve great power status by the close of the 18th century? Scholars have debated whether debt or taxes were the primary determinants of English state building. Using data from the European State Finance database this paper provides a systematic statistical study designed to disentangle the causal relationship between war, debt and taxes as determinants of English state building. The paper finds that debt not taxes best predicts English military expenditures. After demonstrating that war exhibits a strong positive correlation to increases in public debt the paper shows that …
Identity And Immigration Integration In Western Europe’S ‘New’ Migration Cities: The Cases Of Dublin And Madrid, Elitsa Daneva Molles
Identity And Immigration Integration In Western Europe’S ‘New’ Migration Cities: The Cases Of Dublin And Madrid, Elitsa Daneva Molles
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
As Ireland and Spain transformed into immigration countries in the early 2000s, they attracted comparatively large immigrant populations, especially to their largest cities. Nonetheless, the immigrant communities in Dublin and Madrid differ significantly in their composition, the reaction they have elicited from the host society, and their ability to incorporate in their new environment. This paper explores the factors that influence immigrant reception and integration in new immigration spaces like Dublin and Madrid. While acknowledging the significance of social networks, economic interest, and party politics, it instead focuses on the identity characteristics, both those of the newcomers and their host …
Party Competition As A Driver Of Foreign Policy: Explaining Changes In The British Labour Party’S Immigration Policies And The Turkish Akp’S Approach To Cyprus, Gary Winslett
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
This paper explores how party competition influences states’ foreign policy choices. I argue that party competition has stronger explanatory power than it is often given credit for. To examine this dynamic, I discuss some alternative explanations of policy choices, then examine two cases studies and finally discuss implications that can be drawn from those case studies. The two case studies that will be analyzed are the British Labour government’s decision in 1999 to pass stricter immigration controls and the Turkish AKP government’s decision in 2006 to adopt a more hardline approach with regards to Cyprus. These two case studies have …
An Assessment Of Human Development In Uganda: The Capabilities Approach, Millennium Development Goals, And Human Development Index, Jordan Farrar
An Assessment Of Human Development In Uganda: The Capabilities Approach, Millennium Development Goals, And Human Development Index, Jordan Farrar
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The Millennium Development Goals, grounded in Martha Nussbaum and Amaryta Sen’s Capabilities Approach and manifested through the Human Development Index, represent the contemporary means aimed at improving the overall quality of life for the people of the world. Currently Uganda is making substantial progress to achieve poverty reduction, increase overall health and ensure universal primary education. This paper’s argument is twofold. First, it argues that the best way to understand and further human development is through the Capabilities Approach. Second, this paper contends that many of Uganda’s policies aimed at achieving the Millennium Development Goals are rooted within a capabilities …
The Humanitarian Aid Regime In The Republic Of Ngos: The Fallacy Of ‘Building Back Better', Oliver Cunningham
The Humanitarian Aid Regime In The Republic Of Ngos: The Fallacy Of ‘Building Back Better', Oliver Cunningham
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
In recent years, the international community has questioned the efficacy of international humanitarian aid based on the lack of results following the Haiti earthquake, leading to calls for reform and broader discussions of aid effectiveness. This paper proposes the contested existence of an international humanitarian aid regime consistent with broader definitions of regimes proposed by Stephen Krasner and Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. Delving into the manifold reasons for the ineffective response to the Haiti earthquake, the humanitarian aid regime itself proved its own worst enemy. The lack of efficacy is evident through examples drawn from key elements of the humanitarian …
A Comparative Analysis Of California And German Renewable Energy Policy: Actors And Outcomes, Jesse M. Keppley
A Comparative Analysis Of California And German Renewable Energy Policy: Actors And Outcomes, Jesse M. Keppley
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
Policymakers have long been interested in promoting renewable energy development. Yet it is only over the last two decades that interest has fully bloomed, leading to new policy instruments designed to promote increased generation in an economically efficient manner. Two environmental leaders, California and Germany, are identified as models in this field. Both have shown remarkable growth in generating capacity. Yet a closer examination of policy developments reveals marked differences in the way actors have pursued their interests to shape policy outcomes. This paper discusses both models in detail, exploring the ways political interests became involved in the policymaking process. …
"Re-Redefining" International Securing: Bringing Intent Back In, Nicholas D. Anderson
"Re-Redefining" International Securing: Bringing Intent Back In, Nicholas D. Anderson
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The tectonic geopolitical shifts that have taken place since the end of the Cold War have led many to put forth a need to rethink and revise the concept of international security. The traditional definition, they assert, is no longer sufficient in the face of the modern era’s most pressing security issues and threats. What are and will be the distinguishing features of international security problems? What should be considered an international security issue, and what should not? How can “international security” or “international security issue” be defined to allow academics and policymakers to most capably think about and deal …
Formalization And Community Forestry In Jambi, Indonesia: Indigenous Rights, Rural Migrants, And The Informal Divide, Matthew J. Bock
Formalization And Community Forestry In Jambi, Indonesia: Indigenous Rights, Rural Migrants, And The Informal Divide, Matthew J. Bock
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
Recent literature lauding indigenous ‘localism’ has led to the proliferation of local resource management institutions which has subsequent implications regarding the developmentconservation nexus: this localist paradigm risks entrenching a rigid definition of ‘local’, especially within the rural sector. Mobility is a fundamental tenet of a liberal democratic society while migration occurs for myriad reasons; migrant communities often remain marginalized and susceptible to human rights abuses. Similar to mass property titling programs instigated by Hernando de Soto’s policy prescriptions, state-driven, community resource management programs may also exacerbate the indigenous-migrant divide. In Jambi, Indonesia, the village forest designation (hutan desa) is a …
How Transnational Advocacy Networks Mobilize: Applying The Literature On Interest Groups To International Action, Christina Kiel
How Transnational Advocacy Networks Mobilize: Applying The Literature On Interest Groups To International Action, Christina Kiel
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) receive increasing attention in international relations, but little has been written so far about the initial formation of networks and the ways concerned organizations or individuals build a transnational coalition. Difficulties of group mobilization pose a particular puzzle: Why do actors in one country organize around an issue in another country, especially when the resolution of the issue apparently benefits only local actors? When do national/international groups become active and how do local actors facilitate their mobilization? In this paper I argue that in order to get support from international organizations, local groups acting as entrepreneurs …
Trips Implementation And Strategic Health Policy In India And Brazil, Sarath K. Ganji
Trips Implementation And Strategic Health Policy In India And Brazil, Sarath K. Ganji
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
In both the economic and political realm, India and Brazil exhibit similar interests and policies. Yet, in the area of intellectual property rights (IPRs)—in particular, generic production of antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV/AIDS—these nations’ policies differ. India, for example, has exercised a policy of strategic cooperation with the United States and pharmaceutical companies, while Brazil has pursued a policy of strategic restraint. Why is this so? These differing approaches can be attributed to the manner in which these two nations initially implemented the defining IPR agreement, the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). India’s …
Are Small And Medium States Superior To Large? The Role A State’S Size Plays In Regional Integration, Jerome Marston
Are Small And Medium States Superior To Large? The Role A State’S Size Plays In Regional Integration, Jerome Marston
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
This study examines the relationship between a state’s size and regional integration. Specifically, this study empirically focuses on whether a particular size of state plays a disproportionate role in establishing regional institutions. This paper undertakes research in an attempt to settle a dispute that has arisen within the literature. Expressly, whether it is small, medium, or large states that encourage regional integration and furthermore whether the former two in fact resist the latter’s attempts to do so. In an effort to resolve this debate, the paper explores critical time periods in the establishment of the European Union and MERCOSUR. This …
Do Democratic Candidates Suffer ‘Audience Costs’?, Lionel Beehner
Do Democratic Candidates Suffer ‘Audience Costs’?, Lionel Beehner
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The literature on “domestic audience costs” focuses mainly on threats made by democratic leaders to signal credible commitments. Yet it largely ignores pledges made by democratic candidates along the campaign trail. Candidates often engage in a rhetorical “arms race” with each other to project resolve to voters on issues of international relations, whether it is protecting the country, fighting terrorism, or standing up to foreign aggression. Yet, unlike other audience costs, candidates face a conflict of preferences based on competing time horizons. That is, the short-term incentives (winning votes) for taking more hard-line stances can outweigh the long-term costs (getting …
Economic Development, Religion, And The Conditions For Domestic Terrorism, Brandon M. Boylan
Economic Development, Religion, And The Conditions For Domestic Terrorism, Brandon M. Boylan
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
This study examines the conditions that facilitate domestic terrorism. Research on domestic terrorism has been sparse in comparison to studies that examine terrorism as a general phenomenon and transnational terrorism in particular. Most researchers find that a country’s level of economic development and religious composition do not help explain its experience with terrorism. I examine if these claims apply to terrorist activity at the domestic level to explore the extent to which domestic terrorism differs from other forms of terrorism. Specifically, I employ a negative binomial regression model with time-series, cross-sectional (TSCS) data in order to observe if economic development …
Pathways To Interstate War: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Of The Steps-To-War Theory, Brandon Valeriano, Victor Marin
Pathways To Interstate War: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Of The Steps-To-War Theory, Brandon Valeriano, Victor Marin
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The steps-to-war theory (Vasquez 1993) suggests that war is brought on by a series of steps that increase hostility and then make the issues under contention more intractable. Power politics strategies, including coercion in the face of territorial disputes, rivalry, hardliners in power, alliances, and arms races, are all important steps to war. This paper utilizes the steps-to-war theory using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). With this method, we can observe differing pathways to war, rather than the correlations associated with war. This research also represents the first attempt to classify domestic leaders according to type as suggested by existing theory. …
The Importance Of Ecological Security For Protective Security: A Case Study Of Northern China And The Impact Of Water Scarcity On Food Security, Molly A. Walton
The Importance Of Ecological Security For Protective Security: A Case Study Of Northern China And The Impact Of Water Scarcity On Food Security, Molly A. Walton
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
China’s surging growth rate of nearly 10% over the past 20 years has accelerated the nation to the forefront of the global economy. However, this growth has been predicated upon the destruction and depletion of the natural environment. Consequently, China is beginning to experience the deterioration of its ecological capital, particularly in regards to its water supply. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of water scarcity in Northern China on the Chinese Communist Party’s policy of food self-sufficiency by utilizing the protective security component of Amartya Sen’s development as freedom framework. It is argued that ecological security is a …
Causes Of The 1962 Sino-Indian War: A Systems Level Approach, Aldo D. Abitol
Causes Of The 1962 Sino-Indian War: A Systems Level Approach, Aldo D. Abitol
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The emergence of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) nations as regional powers and future challengers to U.S. hegemony has been predicted by many, and is a topic of much debate among the IR community today. Interestingly, three of these nations have warred against each other in the past and, coincidentally or not, it was the nations that shared borders: India and China and China and Russia. This paper attempts an in-depth case study of the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict from an angle that differs from previous studies. Past explorations of this conflict have focused on domestic or the psychological …
National Oil Companies And The Dual Mandate: A Balance Between Profitability And Social Development In The Middle East, Jennifer Ernst Robinson
National Oil Companies And The Dual Mandate: A Balance Between Profitability And Social Development In The Middle East, Jennifer Ernst Robinson
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
National Oil Companies (NOCs) collectively own approximately 90 percent of the world’s oil reserves, with the Middle East and North Africa region accounting for about 67 percent. Yet the nature of their state ownership endows NOCs with a dual mandate: to profitably extract the country’s oil reserves while also promoting economic and social development for the domestic population. This paper focuses on how the dual mandate affects the management, operations, investment and efficiency of NOCs. I argue that the prevailing culture and norms of Middle Eastern NOCs – embodied in their dual missions of profitability and social development – are …
China And Taiwan: A Future Of Peace? A Study Of Economic Interdependence, Taiwanese Domestic Politics And Cross-Strait Relations, Chien-Kai Chen
China And Taiwan: A Future Of Peace? A Study Of Economic Interdependence, Taiwanese Domestic Politics And Cross-Strait Relations, Chien-Kai Chen
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
In this paper, I address the question of whether growing economic ties between China and Taiwan will lead to peace in the Taiwan Strait by examining the relationship between Taiwan’s domestic politics and China-Taiwan economic exchanges and its resulting impact on ChinaTaiwan relations. I argue that the growing economic ties between China and Taiwan will lead to a relatively peaceful Taiwan Strait; Taiwan’s domestic politics is the key intervening variable that links the former to the latter. Taiwan’s growing economic ties with China have politically benefited Taiwanese politicians who have pro-China attitudes and advocate a reconciliatory China policy. The resulting …
People, Partnerships And Collaboration: Understanding And Improving Intelligence In Counterinsurgency, Matt Calvin
People, Partnerships And Collaboration: Understanding And Improving Intelligence In Counterinsurgency, Matt Calvin
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The goal of intelligence is to inform decision makers. While this general goal holds true for counterinsurgencies, the nature of the target requires an understanding of intelligence that is unique from the traditional Cold War focus on nation-state adversaries. This paper seeks to build upon the substantial current literature on population-centric counterinsurgency, theoretical studies of intelligence as a discipline, and the recent literature on military intelligence in counterinsurgency to construct an innovative model of intelligence as it relates to full-spectrum counterinsurgency. This model of intelligence is then utilized to provide recommendations on how intelligence efforts in counterinsurgency can be improved, …
Human Security In Colombia, Carolina Forero, Sally Fishback
Human Security In Colombia, Carolina Forero, Sally Fishback
Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies
The Human Security Index for Colombia (HSIC) is a quantitative analysis of the most pressing concerns facing the nation. An introduction and demographic depiction outlining relevant historical events is included to better explain how Colombia has progressed into its current state. Research compiled by the government and other official sources is used to explore both the social welfare and physical safety of all Colombians. Issues surrounding the domestic conflict as well as nonviolent concerns are dually mentioned, and data is broken down by department to depict the regions of concern. Two sub-indices were constructed and intentionally separated, as they are …