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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Impact Of Climate Change And Human Activity On Soil Landscapes Over The Past 12,300 Years, Leo Rothacker, Anthony Dosseto, Alexander Francke, Allan Chivas, Nathalie Vigier, Anna M. Kotarba-Morley, Davide Menozzi
Impact Of Climate Change And Human Activity On Soil Landscapes Over The Past 12,300 Years, Leo Rothacker, Anthony Dosseto, Alexander Francke, Allan Chivas, Nathalie Vigier, Anna M. Kotarba-Morley, Davide Menozzi
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Soils are key to ecosystems and human societies, and their critical importance requires a better understanding of how they evolve through time. However, identifying the role of natural climate change versus human activity (e.g. agriculture) on soil evolution is difficult. Here we show that for most of the past 12,300 years soil erosion and development were impacted differently by natural climate variability, as recorded by sediments deposited in Lake Dojran (Macedonia/Greece): short-lived ( < 1,000 years) climatic shifts had no effect on soil development but impacted soil erosion. This decoupling disappeared between 3,500 and 3,100 years ago, when the sedimentary record suggests an unprecedented erosion event associated with the development of agriculture in the region. Our results show unambiguously how differently soils evolved under natural climate variability (between 12,300 and 3,500 years ago) and later in response to intensifying human impact. The transition from natural to anthropogenic landscape started just before, or at, the onset of the Greek 'Dark Ages' (~3,200 cal yr BP). This could represent the earliest recorded sign of a negative feedback between civilization and environmental impact, where the development of agriculture impacted soil resources, which in turn resulted in a slowdown of civilization expansion.
Into The Past: A Step Towards A Robust Kimberley Rock Art Chronology, June Ross, Kira E. Westaway, Meg Travers, Michael J. Morwood, John Hayward
Into The Past: A Step Towards A Robust Kimberley Rock Art Chronology, June Ross, Kira E. Westaway, Meg Travers, Michael J. Morwood, John Hayward
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
The recent establishment of a minimum age estimate of 39.9 ka for the origin of rock art in Sulawesi has challenged claims that Western Europe was the locus for the production of the world’s earliest art assemblages. Tantalising excavated evidence found across northern Australian suggests that Australia too contains a wealth of ancient art. However, the dating of rock art itself remains the greatest obstacle to be addressed if the significance of Australian assemblages are to be recognised on the world stage. A recent archaeological project in the northwest Kimberley trialled three dating techniques in order to establish chronological markers …
Moss Δ13c: An Accurate Proxy For Past Water Environments In Polar Regions, Jessica Bramley-Alves, Wolfgang Wanek, Kris French, Sharon A. Robinson
Moss Δ13c: An Accurate Proxy For Past Water Environments In Polar Regions, Jessica Bramley-Alves, Wolfgang Wanek, Kris French, Sharon A. Robinson
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Increased aridity is of global concern. Polar regions provide an opportunity to monitor changes in bioavailable water free of local anthropogenic influences. However, sophisticated proxy measures are needed. We explored the possibility of using stable carbon isotopes in segments of moss as a fine-scale proxy for past bioavailable water. Variation in δ13C with water availability was measured in three species across three peninsulas in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica and verified using controlled chamber experiments. The δ13C from Antarctic mosses accurately recorded long-term variations in water availability in the field, regardless of location, but significant disparities in δ13C between species …
Age-Depth Model Of The Past 630 Kyr For Lake Ohrid (Fyrom/Albania) Based On Cyclostratigraphic Analysis Of Downhole Gamma Ray Data, Henrike Baumgarten, Thomas Wonik, D C. Tanner, Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Roberto Sulpizio, Biagio Giaccio, Sebastien Nomade
Age-Depth Model Of The Past 630 Kyr For Lake Ohrid (Fyrom/Albania) Based On Cyclostratigraphic Analysis Of Downhole Gamma Ray Data, Henrike Baumgarten, Thomas Wonik, D C. Tanner, Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Roberto Sulpizio, Biagio Giaccio, Sebastien Nomade
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Gamma ray (GR) fluctuations and potassium (K) values from downhole logging data obtained in the sediments of Lake Ohrid from 0 to 240 m below lake floor (b.l.f). correlate with fluctuations in δ18O values from the global benthic isotope stack LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). GR and K values are considered a reliable proxy to depict glacial-interglacial cycles, with high clastic input during cold and/or drier periods and high carbonate precipitation during warm and/or humid periods at Lake Ohrid. Spectral analysis was applied to investigate the climate signal and evolution over the length of the borehole. Linking downhole logging data …
Factors Driving Mercury Variability In The Arctic Atmosphere And Ocean Over The Past 30 Years, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Elizabeth S. Corbitt, David G. Streets, Qiaoqiao Wang, Robert M. Yantosca, Elsie M. Sunderland
Factors Driving Mercury Variability In The Arctic Atmosphere And Ocean Over The Past 30 Years, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Elizabeth S. Corbitt, David G. Streets, Qiaoqiao Wang, Robert M. Yantosca, Elsie M. Sunderland
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
[1] Long-term observations at Arctic sites (Alert and Zeppelin) show large interannual variability (IAV) in atmospheric mercury (Hg), implying a strong sensitivity of Hg to environmental factors and potentially to climate change. We use the GEOS-Chem global biogeochemical Hg model to interpret these observations and identify the principal drivers of spring and summer IAV in the Arctic atmosphere and surface ocean from 1979–2008. The model has moderate skill in simulating the observed atmospheric IAV at the two sites (r ~ 0.4) and successfully reproduces a long-term shift at Alert in the timing of the spring minimum from May to April …
Climatic Records Over The Past 30 Ka From Temperate Australia - A Synthesis From The Oz-Intimate Workgroup, L Petherick, H Bostock, T J. Cohen, K Fitzsimmons, J Tibby, M -S Fletcher, P Moss, J Reeves, S Mooney, T Barrows, J Kemp, J Jansen, G Nanson, A Dosseto
Climatic Records Over The Past 30 Ka From Temperate Australia - A Synthesis From The Oz-Intimate Workgroup, L Petherick, H Bostock, T J. Cohen, K Fitzsimmons, J Tibby, M -S Fletcher, P Moss, J Reeves, S Mooney, T Barrows, J Kemp, J Jansen, G Nanson, A Dosseto
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Temperate Australia sits between the heat engine of the tropics and the cold Southern Ocean, encompassing a range of rainfall regimes and falling under the influence of different climatic drivers. Despite this heterogeneity, broad-scale trends in climatic and environmental change are evident over the past 30 ka. During the early glacial period (∼30–22 ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (∼22–18 ka), climate was relatively cool across the entire temperate zone and there was an expansion of grasslands and increased fluvial activity in regionally important Murray–Darling Basin. The temperate region at this time appears to be dominated by expanded sea ice …
Paleoclimate Data-Model Comparison And The Role Of Climate Forcings Over The Past 1500 Years, Steven J. Phipps, Helen V. Mcgregor, Joelle Gergis, Ailie J. E Gallant, Raphael Neukom, Samantha Stevenson, Duncan Ackerley, Josephine R. Brown, Matt J. Fischer, Tas D. Van Ommen
Paleoclimate Data-Model Comparison And The Role Of Climate Forcings Over The Past 1500 Years, Steven J. Phipps, Helen V. Mcgregor, Joelle Gergis, Ailie J. E Gallant, Raphael Neukom, Samantha Stevenson, Duncan Ackerley, Josephine R. Brown, Matt J. Fischer, Tas D. Van Ommen
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
The past 1500 years provide a valuable opportunity to study the response of the climate system to external forcings. However, the integration of paleoclimate proxies with climate modeling is critical to improving the understanding of climate dynamics. In this paper, a climate system model and proxy records are therefore used to study the role of natural and anthropogenic forcings in driving the global climate. The inverse and forward approaches to paleoclimate data–model comparison are applied, and sources of uncertainty are identified and discussed. In the first of two case studies, the climate model simulations are compared with multiproxy temperature reconstructions. …
An Archaeology Of Historical Reality?: A Case Study Of The Recent Past, Alistair Paterson, Nicholas Gill, M.J. Kennedy
An Archaeology Of Historical Reality?: A Case Study Of The Recent Past, Alistair Paterson, Nicholas Gill, M.J. Kennedy
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
An Aboriginal elder, an archaeologist and a geographer report on an interdisciplinary project about colonial-era settlement in the Murchison and Davenport ranges in the Northern Territory. Oral history, physical evidence and historical records reveal a distinct central Australian cultural landscape and show that archaeology can do more than merely exhume material to support historical 'realities'. This project provides new or improved understandings of (1) colonial technology in pastoral ventures, (2) continuity and change in Aboriginal life following European arrival, (3) social behaviour in colonial settings, and (4) alternatives to Eurocentric Australian histories.
Long-Term Trends Of Inorganic Chlorine From Ground-Based Infrared Solar Spectra: Past Increases And Evidence For Stabilization, C P. Rinsland, E Mahieu, R Zander, Nicholas Jones, M P. Chipperfield, A Goldman, J Anderson, J M. Russell Iii, P Demoulin, J Notholt, G C. Toon, Jean-Francois Blavier, B Sen, R Sussmann, S W. Wood, A Meier, D W. T Griffith, L Chiou, F Murcray, T M. Stephen, Frank Hase, S Mikuteit, A Schultz, T Blumenstock
Long-Term Trends Of Inorganic Chlorine From Ground-Based Infrared Solar Spectra: Past Increases And Evidence For Stabilization, C P. Rinsland, E Mahieu, R Zander, Nicholas Jones, M P. Chipperfield, A Goldman, J Anderson, J M. Russell Iii, P Demoulin, J Notholt, G C. Toon, Jean-Francois Blavier, B Sen, R Sussmann, S W. Wood, A Meier, D W. T Griffith, L Chiou, F Murcray, T M. Stephen, Frank Hase, S Mikuteit, A Schultz, T Blumenstock
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) total column abundances has been retrieved from high spectral resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded with infrared Fourier transform spectrometers at nine NDSC (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change) sites in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The data sets span up to 24 years and most extend until the end of 2001. The time series of Cly (defined here as the sum of the HCl and ClONO2 columns) from the three locations with the longest time-span records show rapid increases until the early 1990s …