Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Demons, Spirits, And Elephants: Reflections On The Failure Of Public Administration Theory, Melvin Dubnick

Faculty Publications

Author's Note: This paper was originally written and presented in 1999 as both a critical reflection on Public Administration's ongoing "identity crisis" and a rather (often too harsh) assessment of several recently published works that seemed exemplary of the problem being highlighted. Although some aspects of the argument made in the paper did find an outlet (see Dubnick, 2000), its length and contentious tone meant it was unlikely to find a mainstream outlet for publication. Nevertheless, it did circulate among colleagues and generated some collegial and published reaction (see Bogason et al., 2000). Eventually relegated to a location at the …

Social Medicine And International Expert Networks In Latin America, 1930–1945, Eric D. Carter

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the international networks that influenced ideas and policy in social medicine in the 1930s and 1940s in Latin America, focusing on institutional networks organised by the League of Nations Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, and the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau. After examining the architecture of these networks, this paper traces their influence on social and health policy in two policy domains: social security and nutrition. Closer scrutiny of a series of international conferences and local media accounts of them reveals that international networks were not just ‘conveyor belts’ for policy ideas from the industrialised countries of the …

Comparing L1 And L2 Texts And Writers In First-Year Composition, Grant Eckstein, Dana Ferris

Faculty Publications

Scholars have at various points discussed the needs of second language (L2) writers enrolled in “mainstream” composition courses where they are mixed with native (L1) English speakers. Other researchers have investigated the experiences of L2 writers in mainstream classes and the perceptions of their instructors about their abilities and needs. Little research, however, has directly compared L1 and L2 students (mostly Generation 1.5) taking composition classes together. For this article, the researchers collected writing samples from 56 L1 and 74 L2 students enrolled in a university (mainstream) first-year composition course. Using a mixed-methods design, they analyzed the texts for language …

Both Facts And Feelings: Emotion And News Literacy, Susan Currie Sivek

Faculty Publications

News literacy education has long focused on the significance of facts, sourcing, and verifiability. While these are critical aspects of news, rapidly developing emotion analytics technologies intended to respond to and even alter digital news audiences’ emotions also demand that we pay greater attention to the role of emotion in news consumption. This essay explores the role of emotion in the “fake news” phenomenon and the implementation of emotion analytics tools in news distribution. I examine the function of emotion in news consumption and the status of emotion within existing news literacy training programs. Finally, I offer suggestions for addressing …

Where Do Facts Matter? The Digital Paradox In Magazines' Fact-Checking Practices, Susan Currie Sivek, Sharon Bloyd-Peshkin

Faculty Publications

Print magazines are unique among nonfiction media in their dedication of staff and resources to in-depth, word-by-word verification of stories. Over time, this practice has established magazines’ reputation for reliability, helped them retain loyal readers amid a glut of information sources, and protected them from litigation. But during the past decade, websites, mobile platforms, and social media have expanded the types of stories and other content that magazines provide readers. Doing so has shortened the time between the creation and dissemination of content, challenging and in some cases squeezing out fact-checkers’ participation. This study examines the procedures applied to stories …

Interest In Police Patrol Careers: An Assessment Of Potential Candidates' Impressions Of The Police Recruitment, Selection, And Training Processes, Charles Scheer, Michael Rossler, Leonard Papania

Faculty Publications

Both criminal justice researchers and practitioners have suspected that generational preferences and the nature of police patrol work have acted as dual forces leading potential police recruits away from police careers, resulting in large numbers of unfilled police positions. This challenge is exacerbated by accelerating retirements and expanding police duties. Police recruitment became an even larger managerial issue after the 2008 recession failed to resolve the most critical factor driving people away from police careers in the first place: police departments saw fewer and fewer qualified applicants, despite the recession bringing more applicants in number. In the wake of the …

Sustaining Suburbia Through New Urbanism: Toward Growing, Green, And Just Suburbs?, Dan Trudeau

Faculty Publications

This article examines the governance dynamics surrounding the development of sustainable neighborhoods in United States metropolitan contexts characterized as suburban sprawl. Drawing on original case study research of three distinct applications of New Urbanism design principles, the article argues for understanding the relative power of municipal authorities to incorporate social justice imperatives into the practice of sustainable development in suburban contexts. Moreover, key to prioritizing social imperatives is the way in which development processes respond to the “suburban ideal”, which is a view of suburbs as an exclusive bourgeois utopia that constrains the ability to connect so-called sustainable development with …

Are Allies Who We Think They Are?: A Comparative Analysis, Joan Ostrove, Kendrick Brown

Faculty Publications

Although dominant group allies have been increasingly studied by social psychologists interested in positive intergroup relations and the promotion of social justice, most of the existing research focuses on self-identified allies or dominant group individuals who are engaging in social justice activities. Little comparative work has examined white allies who were specifically identified as such by people of color. Two studies assessed qualities associated with affirming attitudes (low prejudice, high internal motivation to respond without prejudice, allophilia, and awareness of privilege) and informed action (activism) expected to be distinctively characteristic of allies. Nominated white allies in Study 1 had lower …

Engineering Study Abroad As Strategic Exploration, Emily P. Frank, Amanda B. Macdonald

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sacred Vs. Profane In The Great War: A Neutral’S Indictment, Marty Miller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Byzantine Spirit Of The Undead And Its Legacy In The Sick Man Of Europe, Joan Davison

Faculty Publications

What is the character and extent of the Byzantine political-legal legacy? The contemporary discourse on political institutions uses new language to describe old mechanisms for accommodation and decentralization phenomena: millet systems, internal diasporas, population displacement of enclaves, consociation, asymmetric federalism, and even democracy as a part of modern institutionalized network systems. Employing Michel Foucault’s archaeological and genealogical method, we tap into the undead body of Byzantine political legacy in order to show and extract the legacy of a specific ‘spirit.’ In other words, we identify the existence of a very specific sites which emerges from within a non-Being (in Plato’s …

Teaching Children About Money: Prospective Parenting Ideas From Undergraduate Students, Ashley B. Lebaron, Christina M. Rosa-Holyoak, L. Ashley Bryce, E. Jeffrey Hill, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

Many Millennials (aged 18-30 in 2016) are struggling with financial capability and independence. As efforts unfold to address this issue by improving financial education, Millennials themselves can offer helpful family-centered ideas for children 's financial learning. As part of the Whats and Hows of Family Financial $ocialization project, this qualitative study explored the ideas of 126 undergraduate students enrolled in family finance classes at three institutions from three regions of the United States about how and what they intend to teach their future children about finances. Thematic content analysis and coding of interviews revealed four core themes: (a) "Communicating Family …

Clinging To The Past: Circulation Policies In Academic Libraries In The United States, Duane Wilson, Brian Roberts

Faculty Publications

This study reports on a national survey of circulation policies in academic libraries in the United States. Circulation policies are similar at most responding libraries and are typically restrictive, though some differences exist based on library type. Associates granting institutions tend to have less generous circulation periods, and PhD granting institutions tend to have more generous renewal policies. Despite dramatic changes in print use, libraries have typically not adjusted their circulation policies to reflect the current environment. Libraries should evaluate their circulation policies and seek for ways to provide more generous policies to better serve the needs of their patrons.

Understanding The Role Of Religious Comfort And Strain On Depressive Symptoms In An Inpatient Psychiatric Setting, Alexis D. Abernethy, Joseph M. Currier, Charlotte Vanoyen-Witvliet, Sarah A. Schnitker, Katharine M. Putman, Lindsey M. Root Luna, Joshua D. Foster, Andrene Spencer, Heather Jones, Karl Vanharn, Janet Carter

Faculty Publications

Understanding the role of religion in mental illness has always been complicated as some people turn to religion to cope with their illness, whereas others turn away. The overarching purpose of this study was to draw on quantitative and qualitative information to illuminate ways in which religiousness might be associated with changes in depressive symptomatology in a spiritually integrated inpatient treatment program. This repeated measures mixed method study examined the relations among religious comfort (RC), religious strain (RS), and depression in an inpatient psychiatric sample. Adult inpatients (N=248; Mage = 40.78 years; SD = 18.97) completed measures of RC, RS, …

The Economics Of Entrepreneurship, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Parker (Univ. of Western Ontario, Canada) analyzes the connection between economics and entrepreneurship. Specifically, he shows how academic studies such as economics, policy, and social issues relate to entrepreneurship. The book is organized in four parts: selection (theories, empirical methods, determinants, and evidence), finance (debt, venture capital, angel finance, crowd-funding, wealth, etc.), performance (growth, job creation, innovation, survival, etc.), and public policy (policies, regulation, taxation, etc.). At the end of each, a concluding section provides a summary, a list of opportunities for future research, an extensive reference section, and an index.

Sense Relations And Sensory Clustering In Pastaza Quichua Ideophones, Janis B. Nuckolls

Faculty Publications

Ideophones are sound-imitative words that simulate senses, perceptions, and emotions. Using archived, audiovisual data consisiting of over 500 ideophones utterances from the Pastaza Quichua language of Amazonia Ecuador acquired over the last 6 years of fieldwork, I argue that although ideophone semantics have been charatierized as highly specific, semantic generalization and structred semantic realtions such as a synonymy, antonymy and homonymy may be found when a sizable corpus is available. Semantic regualrity and stucture are hypothesized to be linked with a senory clustering effect whereby more sensory modalities encoded within an ideophone generate more possibilited for sense relations and semantic …

Ontological Document Reading An Experience Report, Deryle W. Lonsdale, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle, Scott N. Woodfield

Faculty Publications

Ontological document reading is defined as automatically and appropriately populating a conceptual model representing an ontological conceptualization of some fragment of the real world. Appropriately populating the conceptualization involves not only extracting the information with respect to the declared object and relationship sets of the conceptual model but also involves checking the extracted information for real-world constraint violations, standardizing the data, and inferring the unwritten information that a document author intended convey. Appropriately populating an ontology may, in addition, require adjustments to the ontology itself. This approach to document reading is presented in terms of an effort to build a …

Child Inhibitory Control And Maternal Acculturation Moderate Effects Of Maternal Parenting On Chinese American Children’S Adjustment, Jing Yu, Charissa L. Cheah, Craig H. Hart, Chongming Yang

Faculty Publications

The goals of this study were to examine: (a) bidirectional associations between maternal parenting (physical punishment and guilt induction) and Chinese American preschool children’s psychosocial adjustment and (b) the role of maternal cultural orientation and child temperament in moderating parenting effects. Participants were Chinese American mothers and children (N 163, Mage 4.56, 53% boys). Mothers reported on their parenting practices at both Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) and their cultural orientations and children’s inhibitory control at W1. Teachers rated children’s prosocial, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors at both W1 and W2. A Bayesian approach to path analysis was utilized …

Cohabitation Transitions Among Low-Income Parents: A Qualitative Investigation Of Economic And Relational Motivations, Tyler B. Jamison Phd

Faculty Publications

At the intersection of the cohabitation and residential mobility literatures is an opportunity to better understand the factors that shape cohabitation choices for low-income couples. By investigating push and pull factors associated with cohabitation, this study aimed to identify linkages between cohabitation transitions and the broader socioeconomic context within which they occur. Collecting data from both members of low-income couples and carefully tracking all residential and cohabitation transitions made it possible to identify a wide range of push and pull factors that motivate couples to move. The findings suggest that cohabitation transitions were often motivated by economic necessity. Romantic partnerships, …

Aerial Imaging Using Uavs (Drones) In Chihuahua And Nayarit, Mexico, To Map And Archive Archaeological Sites, Michael T. Searcy, Scott Ure, Michael Mathiowetz, Haylie Ferguson, Jaclyn Eckersley, Mauricio Garduno Ambriz, Jose Carlos Beltran Medina, Jorge Morales Monroy

Faculty Publications

In 2017, we used UAVs (drones) to record eight archaeological sites from the air. As this type of technology becomes more refined, we have found that it is especially useful in carrying out three specific tasks: contour mapping, archiving site conditions, and identifying architecture. This paper reports our findings resulting from aerial images captured while flying archaeological sites in Nayarit and Chihuahua, Mexico.

The Silence Penalty, Jeffrey Bellin

Faculty Publications

In every criminal trial, the defendant possesses the right to testify. Deciding whether to exercise that right, however, is rarely easy. Declining to testify shields defendants from questioning by the prosecutor and normally precludes the introduction of a defendant’s prior crimes. But silence comes at a price. Jurors penalize defendants who fail to testify by inferring guilt from silence.

This Article explores this complex dynamic, focusing on empirical evidence from mock juror experiments—including the results of a new 400-person mock juror simulation conducted for this Article—and data from real trials. It concludes that the penalty defendants suffer when they refuse …

Financial Infidelity In Couple Relationships, Michelle M. Jeanfreau, Kenji Noguchi, Michael D. Mong, Hans Stadthagen-Gonzalez

Faculty Publications

Four hundred and fourteen participants answered questions regarding financial habits within the context of the couple relationship. The Big Five Personality Inventory and a Martial and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to determine the incidence and factors associated with financial infidelity. Results indicated that 27% of participants have kept a financial secret from their partner. Furthermore, both marital and life satisfaction were lower for participants who have experienced financial infidelity than in those who have not. Finally, conscientiousness, a factor from the Big Five Personality Inventory, showed a significant difference, suggesting that more organized individuals were less likely to keep …

Going Beyond The Text: Turning Classrooms Into Communities Of Practice To Uncover And Create Noncanonical Knowledge, Darin Freeburg

Faculty Publications

Every discipline has an existing canon – seen in textbooks, scholarly journals, conference proceedings, etc. – that explicitly outlines existing practice and thought. Recognizing the inadequacy of these canons, the current paper outlines an approach to classroom instruction that helps students move beyond these texts as they create and discover noncanonical knowledge. This noncanonical approach focuses on turning classrooms into Communities of Practice (CoP). There is myriad literature on the utility of such groups for knowledge creation and learning in organizations, yet this paper is unique in introducing it to classroom instruction. By turning classrooms into an adapted CoP, instructors …

Identifying Layers Of Intellectual Capital By Analyzing Unique Contexts, Darin Freeburg

Faculty Publications

This research analyzed the Intellectual Capital (IC) in churches, noting the contextually specific elements tied to unique definitions of success. It aimed to open up to questioning the traditional classifications of IC, while considering the importance of context. American churches were chosen to uncover unique layers and attributes of IC, as they represent a very different organization from those typically studied in IC research. The leadership teams of four churches engaged in 90-minute focus groups, where they discussed success, assets, liabilities, and attempts to leverage value from assets. By approaching it qualitatively, and without prompting participants about the traditional definitions …

Problems And Approaches In The Management Of Intellectual Capital In Religious Organisations: An Issue Of Complexity, Darin Freeburg

Faculty Publications

The current research uncovers problems with a religious organisation's Intellectual Capital (IC), and the approaches organisational leaders take to overcome these problems. It is situated as an issue of complexity, in which there are varying levels in both problem and approach. This is outlined according to David Snowden's Cyne¯n model. It is suggested that complex IC problems require complex IC approaches, while simple problems can make use of simple approaches. Two case studies with churches in the American South were used. Focus groups with these churches identi¯ed IC assets of strategic importance, problems, approaches, and current success. Surveys were distributed …

The Knowing Model: Encouraging Behavior Change In Organizations Through Awareness, Integration, And Knowing, Darin S. Freeburg

Faculty Publications

Leadership is often responsible for behavior change in their organizations. This paper outlines a context-based model—utilizing existing theories and models in Knowledge Management and Library and Information Science—to increase leadership’s effectiveness in this area. The Knowing Model approaches behavior change as an issue of information content, dissemination, and use of that information—all within a complex environment with additional social barriers. A behavior—one that an organization has unsuccessfully attempted to change in the past—is identified by leadership. These previous attempts serve as a baseline from which to measure success of the proposed model. The target behavior change is one that is …

The Knowledge Lens: Equipping Information Professionals To Spark Innovation Within Organizations And Society, Darin Freeburg

Faculty Publications

This article outlines the Knowledge Lens—a way of seeing more clearly the opportunities for knowledge creation within organizations and society. It is proposed as a model for schools of Library and Information Science (LIS) to follow when considering curriculum changes. Instead of producing two sets of graduates—those in information and those in knowledge, each lacking the insight of the other—this model provides a foundation for embedding knowledge throughout the curriculum to equip information professionals with the requisite skills and understanding to lead innovative knowledge work in whatever organization they join. It includes three groupings and six elements. The groupings bring …

The Guided Innovation Model: Messy Human Innovation, Darin Freeburg

Faculty Publications

This paper outlines the theoretical foundation and framework for the Guided Innovation Model, which puts nonprofit organizations in a position to increase innovation through the application of Knowledge Management tools. This is facilitated by information and knowledge professionals. It also outlines a suggested approach for implementation of the model. The purpose of the paper is to provide an in-depth foundation which future work can build upon in specific contexts. Given the complexity and constancy of social change, nonprofits must continually innovate to meet the needs of their community. This model provides a framework for how they can do this without …

Diversity And Cultural Competence In The Lis Classroom: A Curriculum Audit, J. A. Jacobs, Nicole A. Cooke

Faculty Publications

In a case study examining a library and information science graduate curriculum, 18 graduate students engaged in a comprehensive diversity audit of the School of Information Science curriculum. The diversity audit was a student-generated review of 108 syllabi and permitted students to engage in an action-learning project that benefited the school and allowed them, and the school’s faculty, to see first-hand why diversity and cultural competence are important facets of library and information science curricula.

Academic Information On Twitter: A User Survey, Ehsan Mohammadi, Mike Thelwall, Mary Kwasny, Kristi L. Holmes

Faculty Publications

Although counts of tweets citing academic papers are used as an informal indicator of interest, little is known about who tweets academic papers and who uses Twitter to find scholarly information. Without knowing this, it is difficult to draw useful conclusions from a publication being frequently tweeted. This study surveyed 1,912 users that have tweeted journal articles to ask about their scholarly-related Twitter uses. Almost half of the respondents (45%) did not work in academia, despite the sample probably being biased towards academics. Twitter was used most by people with a social science or humanities background. People tend to leverage …