Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

An Empirical Test Of The Rational Actor Theory Of Litigation, Donald R. Songer, Charles M. Cameron, Jeffrey A. Segal

Faculty Publications

This article examines the decisions of litigants in criminal cases to appeal decisions from the U.S. Courts of Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Using a random sample of search and seizure cases from 1962 through 1990 and a measure of the likelihood that the appeals court decision will be reversed if cert is granted, we demonstrate that litigants behave as if they rationally consider costs and benefits in their decisions to appeal. Given the extraordinary number of cases decided by lower federal courts vis-g-vis the number of cases the Supreme Court can decide, we argue that such behavior is …

Islam, The People And The State: Essays On Political Ideas And Movements In The Middle East, By Sami Zubaida, Shahrough Akhavi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Attention To Candidates And Issues In Newspaper Coverage Of 1992 Presidential Campaign, Gordon Mantler, David Whiteman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Discordance Between Lmp-Based And Clinically Estimated Gestational Age: Implications For Research, Programs, And Policy, Greg R. Alexander, Mark E. Tompkins, Donna J. Petersen, Thomas C. Hulsey, Joanne Mor

Faculty Publications

This study examines the comparability between the last menstrual period-based and clinically estimated gestational age as collected on certificates of live birth. It explores whether sociodemographic or delivery characteristics influence their agreement and contrasts health status and health care utilization indicators, such as preterm, small for gestational age, and adequacy of prenatal care percentages, produced by each gestational age measure. The 1989-91 South Carolina public use live birth files were used for this analysis. A total of 169,082 single births to resident mothers were selected for investigation.

The clinically estimated gestational age distribution exhibited a higher mean and a tendency …

The Answering Machine Generation - Who Are They And What Problem Do They Pose For Survey Research, Robert W. Oldendick, Michael W. Link

Faculty Publications

Increased incidence of telephone answering machines and the use of such devices to screen calls pose a potential threat to the representativeness of samples in telephone surveys. Using data from nine statewide surveys, this analysis examines the extent to which answering machines are used to screen calls and the demographic characteristics associated with answering machine use and call screening. Results show that at most two to three percent of households use answering machines to screen calls, and that such screening is more likely to take place in households with higher family incomes, outside rural areas, and which include individuals who …

A Reappraisal Of Diversification In The Federal Courts: Gender Effects In The Courts Of Appeals, Donald R. Songer, Sue Davis, Susan Haire

Faculty Publications

Prior scholarship on the effect of the increasing number of female judges leads to three contrasting sets of expectations. Early writings and views of affirmative-action activists suggested that female judges would be more liberal than male judges. On the other hand, a series of empirical studies suggest that we should expect no gender differences. In contrast to both of these perspectives, several feminist scholars suggest that women will be more liberal only when that position expresses support for full participation in the community. These contrasting expectations were tested by analyzing the votes of appeals court decisions in three issue areas. …

Morality And American Foreign Policy By Robert W. Mcelroy Traditions And Values In Politics And Diplomacy By Kenneth W. Thompson, William P. Kreml

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Grand Strategies In War And Peace, Ed. Paul Kennedy, Harvey Starr

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Aggregate Vote Functions For The Us. Presidency, Senate, And House, Henry W. Chappell, Motoshi Suzuki

Faculty Publications

Estimates vote functions for presidential, House and Senate elections following the premise that vote functions are likely to be related. Use of a seemingly unrelated regressions technique adapted to the case of unequal numbers of observations across equations; On-year versus mid-term congressional elections parameters; Influence of economic variables on election outcomes; Incumbency effects.

Ideology, Status, And The Differential Success Of Direct Parties Before The Supreme Court, Reginald S. Sheehan, William Mishler, Donald R. Songer

Faculty Publications

A substantial literature on lower federal courts and state courts suggests that the "haves" usually come out ahead in litigation because they possess superior resources for it and they reap advantages from their repeat player status. We investigate the success of 10 categories of litigants before the Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist Courts to determine whether the resources or experience of litigants has effects on Supreme Court outcomes paralleling those found in the courts below. While different categories of litigants are found to have very different rates of success, those differences do not consistently favor litigants with greater resources. A time …

Book Review: Turbulence In World Politics, James N. Rosenau, Harvey Starr

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Eagle And The Lion: The Tragedy Of American-Iranian Relations, By James A. Bill, Shahrough Akhavi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Politics, Innocence And The Limits Of Goodness By Peter Johnson, Daniel R. Sabia

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Opportunity, Willingness, And The Diffusion Of War, Randolph M. Siverson, Harvey Starr

Faculty Publications

Using borders and alliances as indicators of opportunity and willingness, respectively, we test the relationship between the sea and the diffusion of war during the 1816-1965 period. The impact of borders and alliances, individually and in combination, on the growth of ongoing war through "infectious" diffusion is shown through the comparison of baseline cases to cases where states at peace were exposed to various "treatments" comprised of warring border nations or warring alliance partners. The findings indicate that the probability of war diffusion is substantially increased as opportunities and willingness increase, particularly when such geographic and political factors are combined. …

Authority And Political Culture In Shicism, Ed. Said Amir Arjomand, Shahrough Akhavi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gestational Age Reporting And Preterm Delivery, Greg R. Alexander, Mark E. Tompkins, Donald A. Cornely

Faculty Publications

This study examines recent trends in the reporting completeness and quality of gestational age estimates derived from the date of the last normal menses (DLNM) as reported in South Carolina vital records from 1974 to 1985. Noteworthy improvements in the completeness of reporting emerged during this period with a decline from 31.1 percent missing information in 1974 to 6.6 percent missing in 1985. Completeness of reporting and strategies for imputing values for missing data were analyzed for their impact on the calculation of the percentage of pr?term live births. The results indicate that the underreporting of gestational age can lead …

Islam And Resistance In Afghanistan, By Olivier Roy, Shahrough Akhavi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Political Ideas Of Leo Strauss By Shadia B. Drury, Daniel R. Sabia

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Opposition To Human Rights Treaties In The United States Senate: The Legacy Of The Bricker Amendment, Natalie Hevener Kaufman, David Whiteman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nonpublication In The United States District Courts: Official Criteria Versus Inferences From Appellate Review, Donald R. Songer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Have Gubernatorial Elections Become More Distinctive Contests?, Mark E. Tompkins

Faculty Publications

Gubernatorial and presidential elections over the period 1947—1986 are examined, using a previously reported process for decomposing partisan electoral outcomes series into their longterm and short-term components. These measures are employed to examine the proposition that gubernatorial elections have become increasingly isolated from outside forces. It is found that presidential coattails appear to be declining in importance (but not only because a number of states have moved to off-year elections). Gubernatorial elections have converged around a national pattern of relatively close competition, unlike state-level presidential contests, which have shifted in favor of Republican candidates. The pattern of gubernatorial outcomes varies …

Explaining Policy Failure: Japan And The International Economy, 1969-1971, Robert C. Angel

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the determinants of Japan's most serious postwar blunder: failure to define and implement effective and timely countermeasures to deal with its change from deficit to surplus international monetary status during the 1969-1971 period. It concludes that intense bureaucratic compartmentalization and a lack of supra-ministerial leadership of national policy were key determinants of this failure, leaving Japan's political system dependent upon irresistible external pressure (gai-atsu), in this case from the United States, to define and force implementation of necessary policy changes. This critical but largely ignored episode illustrates a negative aspect of the traditional insulation of Japan's national …

The Philippines And Asean: Options For Aquino, Donald E. Weatherbee

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Economics Of Agricultural Development In Tropical Africa By Seth La-Anyane, Mark W. Delancey

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Supreme Court On Trends In Economic Policy Making In The United States Courts Of Appeals, Donald R. Songer

Faculty Publications

Previous impact research has primarily investigated controversial civil liberties decisions. The present study examines the response of the United States Courts of Appeals to changes in the labor and antitrust policies announced by the Supreme Court between 1950 and 1977. Significant impact was discovered. In each policy area, the decisional trends of the courts of appeals underwent a significant change after each of two policy shifts on the Supreme Court. Changes in the decisional trends of the courts of appeal were in the predicted direction even after controls were introduced for judges' party and holdover effects.

The Political Environment Of Economic Planning In Iran, 1971-1983: From Monarchy To Islamic Republic, By Hossein Razavi And Firouz Vakil, Shahrough Akhavi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

What Do They Know And When Do They Know It? Health Staff On The Hill, David Whiteman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Between Philosophy And Politics: The Alienation Of Political Theory By John G. Gunnell, Daniel R. Sabia

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

In Memoriam: Benjamin A. Most, Harvey Starr, Randolph Siverson, G. Robert Boynton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nationalism, Ethnocentrism And Personality By H. D. Forbes, William P. Kreml

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.