Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Mental health (4)
- College of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (3)
- Crime (3)
- Police (3)
- Race (3)
-
- Bullying (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Canada (2)
- College campus (2)
- Communication Studies (2)
- Corrections (2)
- Cyberbullying (2)
- Desistance (2)
- Fraternity (2)
- Gender (2)
- Greek organization (2)
- Policing (2)
- Probation (2)
- Recidivism (2)
- Routine activity theory (2)
- Security (2)
- Social disorganization (2)
- Sorority (2)
- Terrorism (2)
- 1990's (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adolescent development (1)
- Aircrafts (1)
- Airports (1)
- Alcohol exposure (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 72
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Perceived Credibility Of Allegations Of Sexual Assault Across Victim Race And Mental Health History, Liyah C. Morgan
Perceived Credibility Of Allegations Of Sexual Assault Across Victim Race And Mental Health History, Liyah C. Morgan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research examined the effect of victim gender and rape myth acceptance (RMA) on perceptions of victim credibility; however, little attention has been given to the impact of victim race and mental health history, and even fewer studies have explored the intersection of these two identities. The primary purpose of the current study was to identify factors affecting understanding of perceived credibility of victims of sexual assault, specifically in terms of victim race and mental health history. The study also examined the role of RMA on perceptions of credibility and explored participant attitudes related to color-blind racial attitudes and mental …
Beyond The Screen: Understanding College Students’ Perspectives On Cyberstalking, Gabrielle Jackson
Beyond The Screen: Understanding College Students’ Perspectives On Cyberstalking, Gabrielle Jackson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research regarding the victimization of college students is primarily geared toward physical or sexual encounters. There is a limited scope of research regarding the online victimization of college students, specifically those involved in Greek life organizations. Furthermore, there is a misinterpretation of the definition of cyberstalking among college students, as many students are unaware that they have been personally victimized (Cass, 2011). This study seeks to examine college students’ perceptions of online victimization and how they may vary. The different student impressions and the prevalence of online victimization were examined using self-reported data from students enrolled in a university …
An Examination Of Police Response To Individuals Suffering With Mental Illness, Aliss Copsey
An Examination Of Police Response To Individuals Suffering With Mental Illness, Aliss Copsey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine police officer response to individuals suffering with mental illness. There had been little prior research that used qualitative methods and explored police officers in rural areas. Several research questions were explored, including stigmatizing beliefs held by police officers toward individuals with mental illness, perceived levels of preparedness, challenges experienced by police officers, improvements officers wish to see implemented, and the impact of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) training. This study gathered data through semi-structured interviews with 19 police officers who worked in East Tennessee in order to address the research questions. The results …
"Shut Down And Closed Off": A Routine Activity Approach To Investigating The Relationship Between Covid-19 School Closures And Child Sexual Abuse Report Characteristics In Georgia, Spencer E. Riner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 created a public health crisis that led to an unprecedented number of school closures. A major concern raised by child advocates, law enforcement, and social service providers was the possible increase in undetected child abuse and maltreatment. Undergirding this concern was the belief that this mitigation effort might place child abuse victims and offenders within proximity for extended periods of time. While this was a significant concern, it has rarely been analyzed empirically. To address this gap in the literature, this thesis investigates how school closures impacted the characteristics of child sexual abuse (CSA) reports …
Painting The ‘Essential’ Green Activist: Critical Interrogations Of Responses To Environmental Activism, Alex Jack Painter
Painting The ‘Essential’ Green Activist: Critical Interrogations Of Responses To Environmental Activism, Alex Jack Painter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this paper, qualitative Directed Content Analysis is used to elucidate and analyze media rhetoric and legal rhetoric found in prominent news publications reporting on green protests in Canada and the United States. Preliminary theory suggested commodification of the environment encourages the denigration of green dissenters and may aim to lead to negative conceptualizations of the ‘green activist’ in the public consciousness. Further content analysis notions that the political leanings of given news publications may be the strongest predictor of the level of support/opposition to green protest that an article will purvey. And, animal advocacy, youth-led dissent, protest around critical …
The Eye At Your Door: The Responsibilized Citizen-Consumer In The Expanding Surveillant Assemblage, Rebecca Anne Croucher
The Eye At Your Door: The Responsibilized Citizen-Consumer In The Expanding Surveillant Assemblage, Rebecca Anne Croucher
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explored the emergence of smart-home technologies, such as Amazon Ring, and investigated the impact of these technological devices in relation to surveillance, policing, and consumption practices. It asked to answer the overarching question: how is the home, through smart-home tech devices exemplified by Amazon Ring, being attached to the surveillant assemblage? Building on existing theories and concepts, including the surveillant assemblage (Ericson and Haggerty, 2000), responsibilization (Garland, 1996), and the citizen-consumer (Cohen, 2003), this thesis posited that the citizen-consumer has become responsibilized by both state agents and private corporations to consume smart-home technologies, and that this has consumption …
The Neoliberal Implementation Of Housing First Principles And Chronic Homelessness In Women, Natalie Weir
The Neoliberal Implementation Of Housing First Principles And Chronic Homelessness In Women, Natalie Weir
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The existing literature has consistently established that homelessness is a status arrived at intersectionally (Calsyn and Morse 1991). Although the lack of adequate housing is a clear problem, the provision of housing may not solve the problems that may have contributed to rendering an individual homeless (Lenon, 2000). Downplaying the contributing factors, such as a lack of social capital, substance abuse, as well as the highly influential gendered inequalities of a male-dominated society that economically and socially disadvantaged women, allows for the problem of chronic homelessness to persist (Calsyn and Morse, 1991; Lenon, 2000). This research study explores gender, policy, …
Housing From A Social Harm Perspective, Addison David Kornel
Housing From A Social Harm Perspective, Addison David Kornel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
From 2019 to 2022 housing prices in Canada surged. This paper investigates the social consequences of rising prices by considering the exceptional example of Windsor, Ontario. Unlike in most Canadian cities, the “Canadian dream” social narrative of timely and reliable homeownership on the back of local labour wages had survived in Windsor until recently. The latest run-up marked a turning point. Qualitative interviews conducted in early 2022 with both successful and unsuccessful homebuyers in Windsor reveal the centrality of homeownership to the life course and social fabric. Participants articulated long-standing economic and sociological concerns that home value spikes drive wealth …
Examining The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Violent Crime In The City Of Pittsburgh, Brittany Urban
Examining The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Violent Crime In The City Of Pittsburgh, Brittany Urban
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research is to examine patterns of Part I crimes [including Part I Person/Violent: Homicide, Rape, Aggravated Assault, and Robbery, and Part I Property: Burglary, Larceny-Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft, and Arson, as defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Standards] in The City of Pittsburgh, framing the COVID-19 pandemic as a major stressor that Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory suggests may lead to increased opportunity for crime, due to the perceived unjustness of the associated lockdown orders and potential incentive for criminal coping (Agnew 1992). This descriptive analysis is based primarily upon …
The Effects Of Gang Membership And Transitions In A Gang On Within-Individual Changes In Offending., Leon Sergio Garduno
The Effects Of Gang Membership And Transitions In A Gang On Within-Individual Changes In Offending., Leon Sergio Garduno
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have established that joining a gang exposes individuals to factors and environments that promote and increase antisocial and illegal behaviors, which decrease after leaving the gang (Decker & Van Winkle, 1994; Melde & Esbensen, 2014; Thornberry, Krohn et al., 1993). Scholars, by analyzing qualitative data, bivariate statistics, and by comparing gang members with non-gang members, have found that as individuals join and leave a gang they experience changes in the frequency with which they carry firearms, sell drugs, and engage in property crimes (Bjerregaard & Lizotte, 1995; Hagedorn, 1994; Thornberry et al., 1993). Researchers also have established that within-individuals’ …
The Influence Of Fraternity And Sorority Characteristics On Alcohol Exposure: Who Is At Risk?, Sydney Shupe
The Influence Of Fraternity And Sorority Characteristics On Alcohol Exposure: Who Is At Risk?, Sydney Shupe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fraternity and sorority membership has been among the highest contributing factors linked to increased exposure to alcohol consumption among college students. Many have argued that this association persists as a result of the drinking sub-culture among Greek organizations, and report that finding effective methods to minimize alcohol consumption among college students is critical. Using self-reported data from fraternity and sorority members at East Tennessee State University (n=107) the link between observed alcohol consumption and demographic characteristics of the individual Greek member and the Greek organization was examined through a quantitative lens. It was hypothesized that the demographic characteristics of the …
Harm Reduction Policies And The Shaping Of Canada’S Opioid Crisis, Hailey Etchen
Harm Reduction Policies And The Shaping Of Canada’S Opioid Crisis, Hailey Etchen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The growing harms of the opioid crisis in Canada has encouraged proponents of harm reduction to implement safe injection sites. However, harm reduction policies continue to vary throughout the nation, resulting in restricted or no access to these facilities in several provinces and territories (Pelley, 2019). Safe injection sites have been recognized as a valuable harm reduction strategy that successfully reduces the harms associated with illicit drug use of both the individual drug user, as well as the local community (Kral & Davidson, 2017; Jackson, 2020; Mrazovac, et al., 2020; Lovisotto & Baker, 2021). These sites effectively reduce and prevent …
The Continued Prohibition Of Cannabis & Racism At Canada’S Borders, Dara Vosoughi
The Continued Prohibition Of Cannabis & Racism At Canada’S Borders, Dara Vosoughi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Canada is one of the few jurisdictions in the world where cannabis for personal and recreational purposes is legal. Prior to October 17th 2018, the possession of any quantity of cannabis was a criminal offence, making individuals vulnerable to onerous criminal sanctions. The legislative act that resulted in the decriminalization and regulation of cannabis was framed as a means of advancing public health goals and reducing inequalities. Those once engaged in low level cannabis activities were no longer subject to criminal sanctions within Canada. However, the criminal status and practices upholding the prohibition of cannabis continues at Canada’s borders and …
Access Denied: A Socio-Legal Exploration Of Access To Justice In Nigerian Wrongful Conviction Cases, Chinyere Obinna
Access Denied: A Socio-Legal Exploration Of Access To Justice In Nigerian Wrongful Conviction Cases, Chinyere Obinna
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research has shown that notwithstanding the substantive and procedural laws that protect the rights of criminal defendants in Nigeria, the criminal justice system has often failed to uphold its commitment of justice to these individuals, resulting in wrongful convictions. Wrongful convictions undermine the integrity and effectiveness of the criminal justice system and result in devastating consequences on wrongfully convicted individuals. Though the reality of wrongful conviction is established in Nigeria, research on the problem is scarce. Besides, much of the available literature focuses on the legal causes of wrongful convictions without considering the broader social context. This thesis seeks to …
Predicting Recidivism Versus Desistance In Adolescents With Sexual Offenses Using Tools Developed For Adults: The Static-99 And Saprof, Meredith Awrey
Predicting Recidivism Versus Desistance In Adolescents With Sexual Offenses Using Tools Developed For Adults: The Static-99 And Saprof, Meredith Awrey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the predictive validity of the risk-based Static-99 and strengths-based SAPROF with a sample of adolescent males (N = 272) who have sexually offended. Additionally, the incremental validity of the SAPROF over the Static-99 was tested. Participants received a specialized assessment at one of three sites Southern Ontario. Archived case files were retrospectively coded using modified versions of the Static-99 and SAPROF. The Static-99 (modified), SAPROF total score (modified), and SAPROF internal and motivational (modified) subscales were found to significantly predict serious recidivism and the modified SAPROF total score, internal subscale, and modified motivational subscale were found …
It’S Not All Aces: The Role Of Negative Parental Influences And Criminal Thinking In Juvenile Offending Behaviors, Branna Humphrey
It’S Not All Aces: The Role Of Negative Parental Influences And Criminal Thinking In Juvenile Offending Behaviors, Branna Humphrey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and criminal thinking in causing criminal behavior has been explored extensively in criminal justice research. Based on the concepts of ACEs and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Scale, the negative parental influences and criminal thinking styles of 1,354 juvenile offenders were examined to establish that negative parental influences and criminal thinking are separately associated with juvenile problem and offending behavior, and that criminal thinking mediates the relationship between negative parental influences and juvenile problem and offending behavior. Analyses showed support for criminal thinking as a pathway from negative parental influences to juvenile …
Resentenced And Released: Re-Entry Needs Following Release From Juvenile Life Without Parole, Daphne M. Brydon
Resentenced And Released: Re-Entry Needs Following Release From Juvenile Life Without Parole, Daphne M. Brydon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Over 2,100 individuals serving juvenile life without paroles (JLWOP) sentences in the U.S. became eligible for resentencing following the 2016 Montgomery v. Louisiana Supreme Court ruling. Michigan housed an estimated 370 juvenile lifers at that time, the second largest JLWOP community in the country and has since resentenced and released approximately 120 juvenile lifers. Folx released from prison encounter many barriers to successful re-entry. Barriers are often amplified for those incarcerated as adolescents. Further, services are de-prioritized for folx serving JLWOP sentences, which can be especially damaging for this community whose life experiences are marked by high rates of trauma, …
Rape: A Settler-Colonial And Anti-Black Project, Cristy A. Dougherty
Rape: A Settler-Colonial And Anti-Black Project, Cristy A. Dougherty
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
White feminist theorizations of rape privilege patriarchy as the main source of gender violence, ultimately centering white cisgender women. In doing so, white women are treated as subject in anti-rape discourse while the violence inflicted on women of color is rendered as secondary and insignificant. Conversely, Indigenous and Black feminist analytics center Indigenous and Black women’s experiences with sexual violence, ultimately pointing to the ways in which rape has been used as a tool to perpetuate heteropatriarchy, settler-colonialism, and anti- Black racism. For instance, Deer (2015) explains that Indigenous women experience disproportionately high rates of sexual violence that spans generations. …
Demystifying School Resource Officers: A Case Study, Alexis Sliva
Demystifying School Resource Officers: A Case Study, Alexis Sliva
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, there has been a dramatic spike in student arrests for behaviors that previously fell under the auspices of suspensions, expulsions, or family consultations. Black and Latinx students receive discipline and law enforcement referrals at superfluous levels compared to White peers. Additionally, the disproportionate and aggressive referral of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) students for disciplinary action are often for infractions that are considered less severe than the actions of their White counterparts. Punitive discipline advances school-based pathways to the juvenile justice system (SPJJ), formerly known as the school to prison pipeline (STPP). School psychologists are …
Assaults On Law Enforcement Officers: A Spatial And Theoretical Analysis Through Social Disorganization., Brian Keith Simpkins
Assaults On Law Enforcement Officers: A Spatial And Theoretical Analysis Through Social Disorganization., Brian Keith Simpkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to gain a better understanding of assaults on law enforcement officers to identify correlations and spatial concentrations related to theoretical constructs of social disorganization. The present study was based on official assault on law enforcement officer data from a major metropolitan area within a southeastern state for the years 2010-2019. In addition to bivariate and multivariate statistical testing (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression), multiple spatial analyses were utilized to understand the statistical significance, visualize results, and compare to previous theoretical explanations of crime concentration. The findings revealed that assaults on …
The Sidewalk Less Traveled: Evaluating Change In Community And Police Perception., Jennifer Lee Hall
The Sidewalk Less Traveled: Evaluating Change In Community And Police Perception., Jennifer Lee Hall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For a police department to provide efficient and effective services to the community, they must obtain the support of the public, continuously cultivating and maintaining positive perceptions from the citizens being served. Various methods, such as walking patrols, have been implemented to increase public support and trust in police, which, in turn, contributes to a cooperative relationship between community and law enforcement. When opinions of law enforcement are precarious or police departments fall out of favor with the surrounding community, police officers can feel isolated if their work is unsupported. This often leads to the development of a strong bond …
Getting Up: An Ethnography Of Hip Hop Graffiti Writers, Their Art, And Perceptions Of Society's Reactions., Theodore Malone
Getting Up: An Ethnography Of Hip Hop Graffiti Writers, Their Art, And Perceptions Of Society's Reactions., Theodore Malone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This ethnographic analysis of the modern hip hop graffiti writing subculture connects the separate but complementary theoretical constructs of serious leisure (Stebbins 1982), dark leisure (Smith and Raymen 2016), recreational specialization theory (Bryan 1977), and edgework (Lyng 1990) and situates the writer “standpoint” (Smith 1987) in terms of interrelations of policy and written discourse. Past research found that writers were motivated by fame and status, to express artistic skills, and to control and destroy space (Brewer and Miller 1990). Others found that writers sought to express contestant notions of style and resist economic and political authority (Ferrell 1996; 2006), and …
Examining Corporate Blameworthiness In Relation To Federal Organizational Sentencing For Probation And Corporate Monitors., Emily M. Homer
Examining Corporate Blameworthiness In Relation To Federal Organizational Sentencing For Probation And Corporate Monitors., Emily M. Homer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organizations that have benefitted from the commission of federal crimes committed by their employees may be sentenced to federal criminal penalties. Two of these potential penalties include probation and the requirement to implement a corporate monitor. The federal guidelines provide suggestions for sentencing probation that echo the theoretical focal concern of blameworthiness. This research used eight years of United States Sentencing Commission data covering 2011 to 2018 (n= 1,224) to examine if organizations were being sentenced to probation and monitoring consistent with the federal guidelines and focal concern of blameworthiness. The study examined nine potential measures of blameworthiness …
Evaluation Of A Jail Reentry Program., Bailey Elisabeth Holland
Evaluation Of A Jail Reentry Program., Bailey Elisabeth Holland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has focused on prison reentry programs and the impact the program has on reducing rates of recidivism, but there is a lack of research on jail reentry programs and the impact of programs’ individual services have on recidivism. Secondary data was obtained from the Louisville Metro Jail Familiar Faces Action and Community Transition (F2ACT) reentry program, which included basic demographic data of the participants, a record of individual services received by each participant, and the number of times each participant was booked into Louisville Metro Corrections before and after participating in F2ACT. A multinomial logistic regression found that …
Communications And Methodologies In Crime Geography: Contemporary Approaches To Disseminating Criminal Incidence And Research, Mitchell Ogden
Communications And Methodologies In Crime Geography: Contemporary Approaches To Disseminating Criminal Incidence And Research, Mitchell Ogden
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many tools exist to assist law enforcement agencies in mitigating criminal activity. For centuries, academics used statistics in the study of crime and criminals, and more recently, police departments make use of spatial statistics and geographic information systems in that pursuit. Clustering and hot spot methods of analysis are popular in this application for their relative simplicity of interpretation and ease of process. With recent advancements in geospatial technology, it is easier than ever to publicly share data through visual communication tools like web applications and dashboards. Sharing data and results of analyses boosts transparency and the public image of …
An Exploratory Study Of Duty-Related Stress Among Conservation Officers, Logan Ledford
An Exploratory Study Of Duty-Related Stress Among Conservation Officers, Logan Ledford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research relating to police stress has typically focused on officers working in urban areas, neglecting their rural counterparts. This is especially true of conservation officers, who are tasked with enforcing laws in state parks and other recreational areas. To date, only a handful of studies have sought to better understand their experiences and perceptions. The current study seeks to further our understanding of conservation officer stress in three unique ways: (1) via applying McCreary and Thompson’s (2006) operational police stress scale (PSQ-Op) to the population, (2) determining whether officer characteristics (e.g., age, education, length of service) affect perceived stress, and …
Impartiality, Social Network Effects And Collective Memory: Three Essays On Trust In Police., Matthew Robert Fischer
Impartiality, Social Network Effects And Collective Memory: Three Essays On Trust In Police., Matthew Robert Fischer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation is an historical and empirical examination of police organizational efforts at influencing public perceptions of trust in police. It begins with an historical overview of police organizational reform, focusing on the various strategies employed by police reformers have attempted to influence public perceptions of police trustworthiness and legitimacy. It uses Rothstein’s impartiality as Quality of Government thesis and the theory of collective memory to argue for an understanding of the importance of the normative context in which police tactics and strategies are deployed for garnering trust in police and how the presence of social network effects for trust …
Victimization And Health Experiences For Tgnc Individuals In Women's Prisons, Kristina Davis
Victimization And Health Experiences For Tgnc Individuals In Women's Prisons, Kristina Davis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This text examines the health-related experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming persons assigned female at birth within the criminal justice system. It moves through a transgender-centric approach to explore the ways gender nonconformity relates to experiences of violence and healthcare disparities for those interacting with law enforcement and incarcerated in women's prisons. The study utilized statistical analyses of nationally representative data in the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey carried out by the National Center for Transgender Equality. Multivariate analyses suggested significant connections between race and education and experiences of harassment and assault within the criminal justice context. There were largely mixed …
Overkill: A First Run Definition, Traccy Martins
Overkill: A First Run Definition, Traccy Martins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Homicide is a major social issue that has been studied by many researchers worldwide. The vast literature available, however, has avoided distinguishing homicide characterized by excessive wounds as a particular category or type of murder. This is what is often referred to as overkill. It has been observed in a variety of incidents, but it has not been systematically defined or examined in the literature in regard to why it occurs. This study aims to define "overkill" based on the number and extent of injuries for LGBT homicides between the years 1969 to 2018 (provided by Dallas Drake, co-founder of …
Examining The Moderating Effects Of Defendant Characteristics On The Relationship Between Crime Type And Prosecutorial Decision Making, Caitlin Marie Howley
Examining The Moderating Effects Of Defendant Characteristics On The Relationship Between Crime Type And Prosecutorial Decision Making, Caitlin Marie Howley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The concept of plea bargaining was not compractice until the nineteenth century (Langbein, 1978; Alschuler, 1979). Before that time, criminal defendants lacked representation in the court, leaving the judge to determine sentencing and punishment. Plea bargaining has become the prominent practice, with around 90% of cases, state and federal, resulting in a plea (Rabin, 1972; Lagoy, Senna, & Siegel, 1976; Alschuler, 1979; Alschuler, 1983; Scott & Stuntz, 1992; Schulhofer, 1992; Starkweather, 1992; Ross, 2006; Silveira, 2017). The concept of plea bargaining is inevitably accompanied by discretion, specifically prosecutorial discretion. Prosecutorial discretion grants prosecutors power in deciding what charges they would …