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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Effects Of Cognitive Load On The Perception Of Foreign-Accented Words, Leah M. Bonath
The Effects Of Cognitive Load On The Perception Of Foreign-Accented Words, Leah M. Bonath
ETD Archive
A significant amount of the research conducted in the area of foreign-accented speech has examined the influence that intelligibility, comprehensibility, and strength of accent have on the perception of foreign-accented speech. Factors such as speaking rate, signal-to-noise ratio, number of talkers, familiarity with the foreign-accent and, most relevant to the present study, cognitive load all play a role in how accented speech is perceived. In the current study, we explored the inverse of this relationship. We hypothesized that degree of cognitive load would affect participants’ accent ratings. The purpose of this research was to evaluate two competing hypotheses. According to …
Investigating The Role Of Open Bigrams In Visual Word Perception, Amy M. Palinski
Investigating The Role Of Open Bigrams In Visual Word Perception, Amy M. Palinski
ETD Archive
Many models of word identification suppose a hierarchical system in which units at increasing levels respond to features, letters, letter combinations, and words. Some models suppose units responsive to bigrams—letter pairs—that may not be adjacent in a letter-string stimulus. In such a model, a stimulus such as BIRD would activate, at the bigram level, bigrams representing adjacent letters BI, IR, and RD, and also bigrams representing nonadjacent letters BR and ID. Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) reported an experiment in which strings to be classified as words or pseudowords were flanked by bigrams from the target string or not; for …
An Interpersonal Model Of Depression: A Psychophysiological Perspective, Kelsey J. Pritchard
An Interpersonal Model Of Depression: A Psychophysiological Perspective, Kelsey J. Pritchard
ETD Archive
This study examined whether parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity predicts depression risk through excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) which subsequently erodes social support and generates stress. Recent theories suggest that the PNS evolved to regulate social interaction and that the PNS is associated with depression and interpersonal deficits. Therefore, PNS deficits may be associated to ERS, given its interpersonal function. Participants (N= 65) completed measures of ERS, interpersonal stressors, social support quality, depression symptoms, and a protocol that measured indices of the PNS (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) at rest and during a paced breathing task. Multiple mediator models …
Variability And Location Of Movement Endpoint Distributions: The Influence Of Instructions For Movement Speed And Accuracy, Abhishek Dey
Variability And Location Of Movement Endpoint Distributions: The Influence Of Instructions For Movement Speed And Accuracy, Abhishek Dey
ETD Archive
An influential theory of motor control predicts that targeted hand movements should be aimed at the target center and that the variability of movement endpoint distributions should fill the target region (Meyer et al., 1988). Because increases in the amount of movement endpoint variability correlates with increases in movement speed (Schmidt et al., 1979), centering the distribution on the target center and expanding variability to the limits of the target boundaries should allow for maximization of movement speed, without the production of movement errors (i.e., target misses). Slifkin and Eder (2016) recently found that those predictions only held over a …
Overloaded? Examining Predictors Of Work-Family Conflict Through Role Overload, Lisa J. Brasdovich
Overloaded? Examining Predictors Of Work-Family Conflict Through Role Overload, Lisa J. Brasdovich
ETD Archive
Work-life balance is becoming a popular topic within organizations as no employee wants to endure work-family conflict. Research has been trying to understand what can impact work-family conflict. To increase knowledge about work-family conflict this study examined how role overload can impact different groups of people depending upon work schedule, parental status, and activity during commute. The data were collected through two surveys posted on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. In total, there were 192 respondents. Results found that an interaction was present between an employee's work schedule and the child's status as a student to significantly predict the time the employee …
An Experimental Test Of Whether Mortality Salience Can Motivate Open-Mindedness Among Individuals With Intrinsic Goal Orientations, Mark Blades
ETD Archive
Terror management theory posits that when people are primed with thoughts of death, they will seek to abide by their cultural worldview beliefs. For example, mortality reminders motivate those with an extrinsic goal orientation to strive to accomplish culturally valued goals (e.g., wealth) and defend familiar cultural worldviews. But, as of yet, no research has investigated the possibility that MS might motivate those with an intrinsic goal orientation to strive instead to explore culturally, socially, or intellectually novel experiences and information. The present research hypothesized that MS would lead individuals with stronger extrinsic goal orientations to defensively prefer their familiar …
Recognition And Use Of Empirically-Supported Treatments Among Clinicians Treating Clients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Christopher Heckman
Recognition And Use Of Empirically-Supported Treatments Among Clinicians Treating Clients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Christopher Heckman
ETD Archive
In order to provide adequate care, it is important for clinicians to be informed about the level of empirical support for various treatment approaches. The present study analyzes data culled from a survey of clinicians who work with PTSD. Respondents were presented with a range of treatments. They were then asked to rate their familiarity with and training in each treatment, their theoretical orientation, their level of experience conducting psychotherapy in general, and their experience with PTSD in particular. Finally, they were asked to categorize each of these treatments as "empirically supported⁰" or "not empirically supported," and to rate how …
Gerontological Intelligence Test, Erika Beatriz Gobbi
Gerontological Intelligence Test, Erika Beatriz Gobbi
ETD Archive
The current study was designed as a preliminary analysis to design an alternative intelligence scale for older adults ages 65 plus. This study was predominantly administered to White participants with a females being the prominent gender (30 females, 14 males). 44 participants were administered the four subtests Analogies, Matrices, Geometric Shapes and Information. The Block Design and Vocabulary from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was administered to assess the validity of the current study. By creating a more tailored intelligence test for older adults, problems such as fatigue, administrator bias and physical limitations can be addressed. With the population of …
The Influence Of Schizotypal Traits On Active Display Recognition, Lucinda V. Rohde
The Influence Of Schizotypal Traits On Active Display Recognition, Lucinda V. Rohde
ETD Archive
Accurate recognition of changes in scene layout is necessary to function in everyday life. Self-motion sensitivity, comprised of efference copy and afferent signals, is employed to respond to these changes, however little is known about how these signals may influence active display recognition. Previous spatial perception experimentation has shown that individuals with high schizotypal traits perform differently than those with low schizotypal traits while estimating walked distance in non-visual walking and imagined walking tasks (Rohde & Yamamoto, 2013). It is postulated that this result could be attributed to a presumable dysfunction of efference copy associated with schizotypy. It was hypothesized …
Cognitive Dissonance, Crime And Commitment To Urban Life: Why Individuals With Means Choose To Live And Remain In Largely Low Income Neighborhoods, Nelson S. Beckford
Cognitive Dissonance, Crime And Commitment To Urban Life: Why Individuals With Means Choose To Live And Remain In Largely Low Income Neighborhoods, Nelson S. Beckford
ETD Archive
The study examined factors influencing an individual's decision to move to and later commitment to remain in Ohio City and Detroit Shoreway, two low income neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, it was predicted that paradoxically, people who were victims of crime would demonstrate greater commitment to their neighborhood than would those not victimized. Unexpectedly, I found that crime did not increase or decrease commitment. The study found that neighborhood amenities and seeing improvements in basic services were key to neighborhood commitment. This implies that small investments and specific interventions can help revitalize low income inner city …
Biofeedback Assisted Stress Management Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Gregory James Bolwell
Biofeedback Assisted Stress Management Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Gregory James Bolwell
ETD Archive
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease, often leading to heart attacks. Over a long period of time, CAD can weaken the heart muscle, causing heart failure and arrhythmias. Three well established events which occur in CAD are an over activation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased inflammation and psychological distress. Biofeedback assisted stress management (BFSM) is a form of stress management that allows one to see how their physiology changes, in real time, as they either …
Perceived Difficulty In A Fitts Task, Suzanne M. Grilli
Perceived Difficulty In A Fitts Task, Suzanne M. Grilli
ETD Archive
This study provided a detailed investigation of perceived difficulty (PD) in a Fitts task. The Fitts task has been used to study Fitts's law, which shows that movement time (MT) is related to the information constraints of the movement (Fitts's Index of Difficulty, ID) such that there is a positive, linear relationship between MT and ID and MTs are similar when the scale of the movement requirements vary but ID is equal (scale invariance). According to Fitts's law, Fitts's ID provides an index of objective difficulty does Fitts's ID also provide an index of subjective difficulty? The main goal of …
The Impact Of Motivational Systems On Dynamic Inconsistency In Risk Taking, Alexander E. Dorf
The Impact Of Motivational Systems On Dynamic Inconsistency In Risk Taking, Alexander E. Dorf
ETD Archive
Every day we are confronted with risky decisions in which the rewards and the punishments are not always clear. We like to believe that logic is the primary force behind our decisions, but in reality, emotion plays a very important role. This study examines the impact of participants' Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) on dynamic inconsistencies in a sequential gambling task. Contrary to the hypotheses, neither system predicted deviations following a win or and a loss. However, participants high in BAS were more likely to make negative deviations