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Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

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2021

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Articles 31 - 60 of 128

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Give Full Play To Vital Role Of Scientific And Technological Innovation In Supporting Protection And Utilization Of Black Soil, Zhigang Wang Oct 2021

Give Full Play To Vital Role Of Scientific And Technological Innovation In Supporting Protection And Utilization Of Black Soil, Zhigang Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Black soil is a very precious soil resource on Earth, as well as a great natural gift to China. Scientific and technological innovation is the ultimate choice for the methods and solution of the black soil protection and utilization. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, based on the in-depth learning of the series of important instructions given by General Secretary Xi Jinping on safeguarding national food security and enhancing scientific and technological innovation, explores the development path of relying on scientific and technological innovation for black soil protection and utilization, promotes the overall systematic …

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Main Achievements, Challenges, And Recommendations Of Black Soil Conservation And Utilization In China, Xiaozeng Han, Wenxiu Zou, Fan Yang Oct 2021

Main Achievements, Challenges, And Recommendations Of Black Soil Conservation And Utilization In China, Xiaozeng Han, Wenxiu Zou, Fan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The conservation and utilization of black soil have achieved remarkable results under effective measures and active promotion taken by different departments in China. At present, the conservation and utilization of black soil have been upgraded to national strategy and incorporated into related planning and outline, major scientific advances have been achieved. The black soil conservation and utilization have also been listed into the important governmental schedules in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Northeast China. The promotional mechanisms of black soil conservation and utilization have been established, approaches of black soil conservation and utilization …

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Challenges To Cyberspace Security And Countermeasures, Dengguo Feng, Yifeng Lian Oct 2021

Challenges To Cyberspace Security And Countermeasures, Dengguo Feng, Yifeng Lian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The global cyberspace security situation continues to evolve, with the external environment becoming increasingly severe. Cybersecurity issues constantly affect politics, economy, military affairs, culture, scienceand technology, and other fields. In order to effectively prevent significant cyber threats and improve cyberspace autonomy and right of voice, we need to clearly understand the security challenges to cyberspace, implement the security protection of critical information infrastructure, and focus on strengthening the data security and supply chain security, so as to establish and improve the national cyberspace security system.

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Carry Forward The Huanghuaihai Spirit Of Agricultural Science And Technology, And Safeguard China’S Food Security, Yan Zeng, Hongsheng Wang, Yongsheng Han, Rui Duan, Ming Sun, Ya Wen Oct 2021

Carry Forward The Huanghuaihai Spirit Of Agricultural Science And Technology, And Safeguard China’S Food Security, Yan Zeng, Hongsheng Wang, Yongsheng Han, Rui Duan, Ming Sun, Ya Wen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

“Scientific achievements are inseparable from spiritual support. The academic spirit is the precious wealth accumulated by researchers and engineers in long-term academic career.” In the 1980s, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched Huanghuaihai Innovation Campaign of agricultural science and technology for the reclamation of saline-alkali land. The Campaign successfully improve the overall production capacity in the North China Plain. The Huanghuaihai Spirit, emerged in this multidisciplinary and crossfield large-scale scientific and technological campaign, is not only the precious spiritual wealth of CAS, but also an important source of strength for achieving a substantial increase in grain production. In the new …

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Data Information: Global Innovation Index 2021 Oct 2021

Data Information: Global Innovation Index 2021

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Science And Technology Innovation Supporting Sustainable Use Of Black Soil, Jianguo Hou Oct 2021

Science And Technology Innovation Supporting Sustainable Use Of Black Soil, Jianguo Hou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The region of black soil in Northeast China is the "ballast stone" of national food security. However, the degradation of black soil leads to a decline of soil fertility and ecological service function, which threatens the national food security and regional ecological security. With advance design and scientific demonstration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) together with provinces of Northeast China launched the "Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Battle of Black Soil Granary" by gathering outstanding scientists, high technology and equipment. At present, the CAS is planning to initiate the Strategic Priority Research Program called "Black Soil Granary", establish the State …

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Promoting “Six Transitions” In Think Tank Research, Jiaofeng Pan, Feng Zhang, Xiao Lu Oct 2021

Promoting “Six Transitions” In Think Tank Research, Jiaofeng Pan, Feng Zhang, Xiao Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The article analyzed the current characteristics and situation of think tank research both domestically and internationally, and raised the ideas that think tank research need to achieve "six transitions" especially under the background of think tank construction agenda of Chinese government, which is to transition from empirical to scientific research, from discrete to systematic approach, from randomness to normativeness, from pure academic-oriented to integrative studies fitting both academic and practical requirements, from static to stable style, and from a single discipline basis to comprehensive and consistent research. Based on long-term experiences and practices in policy and strategic research, Prof. PAN …

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Policy Overview (September, 2021) Oct 2021

Policy Overview (September, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Trends Observation: Strategy And Development Of International Salt Cavern Energy Storage Research Oct 2021

Trends Observation: Strategy And Development Of International Salt Cavern Energy Storage Research

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Ensuring National Food Security By Strengthening High-Productivity Black Soil Granary In Northeast China, Baoguo Li, Zhong Liu, Feng Huang, Xiaoguang Yang, Zhijuan Liu, Wei Wan, Jiangkuan Wang, Yingde Xu, Zizhong Li, Tusheng Ren Oct 2021

Ensuring National Food Security By Strengthening High-Productivity Black Soil Granary In Northeast China, Baoguo Li, Zhong Liu, Feng Huang, Xiaoguang Yang, Zhijuan Liu, Wei Wan, Jiangkuan Wang, Yingde Xu, Zizhong Li, Tusheng Ren

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Food security is an important guarantee of national security. The northeast black soil region is an important commodity grain production base in China, which plays a fundamental role in ensuring national food security. However, the highly intensive, unreasonable or excessive use of cultivated land in this region has caused serious black soil degradation. Therefore, how to make the Black Soil Granary to provide efficient and sustainable guarantee for national food security is a scientific problem requiring urgent solutions. This paper systematically illuminates the agricultural development of high-productivity black soils since the reform and opening-up. On this basis, the paper systematically …

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Co-Production Model As Another Strategy: Experience Of Japan In Dealing With Gap Problem In Welfare Service, Mai Shi, Siting Sha Oct 2021

Co-Production Model As Another Strategy: Experience Of Japan In Dealing With Gap Problem In Welfare Service, Mai Shi, Siting Sha

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In recent years, when faced with the gap problem of welfare services, Japanese society has gradually realized that relying only on traditional problem-solving strategies could not meet all the needs of social life problems. Many practical innovations with "co-production" as the core were formed. Therefore, this study analyzes the causes of the gap problem in welfare services, clarifies the specific principle of "co-production" in problem solving, and on this basis refines it into a new strategy as "co-production model". By observing the functional mechanism of this new strategy in Japan's welfare service practice, this study holds that for the future …

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Bear In Mind Ardent Entrustment, Protect Black Soil Granary, Jun Han Oct 2021

Bear In Mind Ardent Entrustment, Protect Black Soil Granary, Jun Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

General Secretary Xi Jinping, during his visit to Jilin in July 2020, pointed out that the Lishu model shall be thoroughly reviewed and summarized for dissemination, and effective measures shall be taken to protect and utilize the black soil, as precious as the giant panda, so as to benefit the people forever. Since then, Jilin Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and Provincial Government have been bearing this entrustment with heart and putting people as the priority, when taking the great responsibilities of protecting the nation's food security and firmly pushing forward the implementation of the national black …

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Thinking And Implementation Approach Of Science And Technology Strategy Of Well Raising Black Soil—Overall Idea And Implementation Planning Of Strategy Priority Research Program Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences On Black Soil Conservation And Utilization, Ming Jiang, Ya Wen, Ming Sun, Hongsheng Wang, Yan Zeng, Yongbin Han, Xiujun Li, Haitao Wu, Lujun Li, Shangqi Xu Oct 2021

Thinking And Implementation Approach Of Science And Technology Strategy Of Well Raising Black Soil—Overall Idea And Implementation Planning Of Strategy Priority Research Program Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences On Black Soil Conservation And Utilization, Ming Jiang, Ya Wen, Ming Sun, Hongsheng Wang, Yan Zeng, Yongbin Han, Xiujun Li, Haitao Wu, Lujun Li, Shangqi Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization (Black Soil Granary) is a Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it is the core measure of the "Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Campaign for Black Soil Granary" launched by CAS together with provinces and autonomous region of Northeast China, and also the core measures to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series guiding principle relating to well utilize and protect the black soil in Northeast China. Better utilization and protection of black soil is crucially important to the national food security, and the program of …

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Black Soil Protection And Utilization Based On Harmonization Of Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland-Sandy Land Ecosystems And Strategic Construction Of Ecological Barrier, Jiabao Zhang, Bo Sun, Jiaojun Zhu, Jingkuan Wang, Xicai Pan, Tian Gao Oct 2021

Black Soil Protection And Utilization Based On Harmonization Of Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland-Sandy Land Ecosystems And Strategic Construction Of Ecological Barrier, Jiabao Zhang, Bo Sun, Jiaojun Zhu, Jingkuan Wang, Xicai Pan, Tian Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The black soil in northeast China presents a trend of thinning, hardening, impoverishment, and acidification under the longterm high-intensity utilization, and faces the water resources shortage and ecological environment imbalance. Thus, the coordination between soil and water resources and environment has become the bottleneck of sustainable agricultural development in northeast China. The black soil protection and utilization is not only a problem of cultivated land system itself, but also a problem of harmonization of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandy land ecosystem. To achieve the goal of sustainable use of the black soil, it is necessary to give full play to the function of soil …

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Agricultural Simulator: Using Intelligent Technology To Get Data Flow For Black Land Protection, Ninghui Sun, Yucheng Zhang, Hongsheng Wang, Zichen Liu, Haihua Chen, Guangming Tan Oct 2021

Agricultural Simulator: Using Intelligent Technology To Get Data Flow For Black Land Protection, Ninghui Sun, Yucheng Zhang, Hongsheng Wang, Zichen Liu, Haihua Chen, Guangming Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Information technology is deeply penetrating into all walks of life. Through the acquisition of massive data, modeling and analysis in the information space, it has become an effective means to solve practical problems in the information society. At present, China is vigorously implementing black soil conservation projects. Aiming at the complex system protection engineering, it is necessary to rely on the strength of information technology to carry out problem modeling and algorithm solving in the process of black soil utilization and protection, and find the best protection way through simulation and emulation. Based on the analysis of the black land …

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Overall Promotion Of Black Soil Protection And Rural Revitalization: Internal Logic, Main Routes And Policy Suggestions, Quansheng Ge, Jieyong Wang, Huiyi Zhu Oct 2021

Overall Promotion Of Black Soil Protection And Rural Revitalization: Internal Logic, Main Routes And Policy Suggestions, Quansheng Ge, Jieyong Wang, Huiyi Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Promoting black soil protection and sustainability is the essential and guarantee of rural revitalization in Northeast China, and rural vitalization is the fundamental way to realize the persistent protection of black soil. Only by coordinating and promoting the overall black soil protection and rural revitalization, can we find the solution to solve the contradiction between black soil protection and the rural economic development in Northeast China black soil region, hence to push in full gear the ecological construction and rural revitalization of the region. Meanwhile, the overall black soil protection should promote the rural revitalization and rural revitalization should facilitate …

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Research And Practice Of Conservation Tillage In Black Soil Region Of Northeast China, Man Ao, Xudong Zhang, Yixin Guan Oct 2021

Research And Practice Of Conservation Tillage In Black Soil Region Of Northeast China, Man Ao, Xudong Zhang, Yixin Guan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Compared with soil degradation of black soil of other areas in the world, which caused by conventional tillage regarding as ploughed with residue return, soil degradation in Northeast China caused by rotary-till and residue remove or burning is more serious. Conservation tillage with residue cover and no or reduced tillage is one of the most important techniques for the protection and utilization of black soil. This paper briefly presents the derivation and definition of conservation tillage, and its main techniques in the world, as well as the issue of application and extension in China. Over the past 15 years, the …

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What Change May Take Place After We Entered Space Era, Ji Wu Oct 2021

What Change May Take Place After We Entered Space Era, Ji Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Along with the successful flights of Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, and SpaceX, space tourism seems to arrive into its implementation phase in 2021. As it is expected, within 10 years, this market will become a real and huge domain with hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Together with it, there will be tens of thousands of people come into and back from outer space every year. Alike what happened after the great discovery era of the human beings after it conquered the ocean, the mentality of the human beings will change. In this article, what change may take place …

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Evaluating Economic And Social Benefits Of Accelerated Energy Transition, Hongyu Zhang, Xiaodan Huang, Da Zhang, Xiliang Zhang Sep 2021

Evaluating Economic And Social Benefits Of Accelerated Energy Transition, Hongyu Zhang, Xiaodan Huang, Da Zhang, Xiliang Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

To achieve carbon neutrality, China's energy system needs a radical transition, and the development of new energy is of central importance. Based on the integrated assessment modeling framework, this study compares economic and social costs and benefits between a scenario reflecting the current energy transition momentum and a scenario of accelerated energy transition. We show that the accelerated energy transition dominated by new energy is essential to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 and the air quality target required by Beautiful China. The large development of wind and solar power will further reduce their technology costs and the overall energy costs, …

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Trend Observation: Key Technological Frontiers And Development Trends Of International Carbon Neutral Actions Sep 2021

Trend Observation: Key Technological Frontiers And Development Trends Of International Carbon Neutral Actions

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Data Information: Insights On International Science, Technology, And Innovation—Comparative Of 20 Global Cities (2016–2020) Sep 2021

Data Information: Insights On International Science, Technology, And Innovation—Comparative Of 20 Global Cities (2016–2020)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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From Hu Huanyong Line To Mid-Spine Belt Of Beautiful China: Breakthrough In Scientific Cognition And Change In Development Mode, Xinyuan Wang, Huadong Guo, Lei Lou, Ruichun Chang Sep 2021

From Hu Huanyong Line To Mid-Spine Belt Of Beautiful China: Breakthrough In Scientific Cognition And Change In Development Mode, Xinyuan Wang, Huadong Guo, Lei Lou, Ruichun Chang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

How to develop the west of China and how to balance the development between the east and the west of China is a longstanding topic. More than 80 years ago, Mr. Hu Huanyong researched population distribution and agricultural regional development based on China's traditional agriculture and the sharp contradiction between 450 million people and arable land at that time. Today, what we call the development of the west is by no means the issue of the traditional agricultural planting industry, but the issue of how to put forward new business forms and new high-quality developments that are suitable to the …

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Energy Revolution Under Vision Of Carbon Neutrality, Zhen Huang, Xiaomin Xie Sep 2021

Energy Revolution Under Vision Of Carbon Neutrality, Zhen Huang, Xiaomin Xie

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Climate change has emerged as one of the major challenges faced by mankind. It has become a non-traditional global security issue, which causes a serious threat to the survival of human being and sustainable development. China's commitment to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 has important strategic significance for building a modern socialist country with harmonious coexistence between human and nature. Facing the challenge of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality, this study proposes, through energy revolution, to promote electric decarbonization and zero carbonization power and zero carbonization fuel on the energy supply side, and …

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Research On China’S Energy Development Strategy Under Carbon Neutrality, Jian Su, Yingbo Liang, Lin Ding, Guosheng Zhang, He Liu Sep 2021

Research On China’S Energy Development Strategy Under Carbon Neutrality, Jian Su, Yingbo Liang, Lin Ding, Guosheng Zhang, He Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China has pledged to reach peak carbon dioxide emission by 2030, and carbon neutrality by 2060 at the Seventy-Fifth Session of the United Nations General Assembly in 2020. As the largest energy consumer and emitter of greenhouse gases, carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets have posed a high requirement for China's sustainable development of energy and economy. In recent years, even though the growth rate of China's energy consumption has decreased, and carbon dioxide emissions gradually enter the plateau, fossil fuels still supply more than 80% of the energy consumption in China. Besides learning from the adjustment of energy consumption …

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Path Of Digital Technology Promoting Realization Of Carbon Neutrality Goal In China’S Energy Industry, Xiaohong Chen, Dongbin Hu, Wenzhi Cao, Wei Liang, Xuesong Xu, Xiangbo Tang, Yangjie Wang Sep 2021

Path Of Digital Technology Promoting Realization Of Carbon Neutrality Goal In China’S Energy Industry, Xiaohong Chen, Dongbin Hu, Wenzhi Cao, Wei Liang, Xuesong Xu, Xiangbo Tang, Yangjie Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of digital economy, digital technology is the best tool to achieve China's goal of carbon neutrality. The energy industry is the largest source of carbon emissions in China, and how to use digital technology to peak the carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality goal in energy industry has attracted widespread attention. The article first explains the important strategic role of digital technology in carbon neutrality, and then analyzes the related theoretical research and application progress of digital technology and carbon emission reduction in the literature, revealing the problems of current digital technology applied to carbon neutrality …

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Toward Carbon Neutrality: Circular Economy Approach And Policy Implications, Wendong Wei, Zhujun Chen, Yong Geng, Wenqiu Cai, Hanbin Liu Sep 2021

Toward Carbon Neutrality: Circular Economy Approach And Policy Implications, Wendong Wei, Zhujun Chen, Yong Geng, Wenqiu Cai, Hanbin Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

It is challenging to promote global climate change governance under the current complicated international contexts. As a country with the largest carbon emission, China has committed to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. However, carbon neutrality is a complex system engineering and relies on the implementation of circular economy. Based upon “3R” principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle, this study investigates the internal relations between circular economy and carbon neutrality and identifies the key position of circular economy in achieving carbon neutrality targets. Several policy implications are raised to help promote the development of circular economy …

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Analysis On Transformation And Characteristics Of American Hydrogen Energy Strategy Under Carbon Neutralization Goal, Feng Wei, Xiaobo Ren, Lin Gao, Guoqing Gao, Chaofeng Zhou Sep 2021

Analysis On Transformation And Characteristics Of American Hydrogen Energy Strategy Under Carbon Neutralization Goal, Feng Wei, Xiaobo Ren, Lin Gao, Guoqing Gao, Chaofeng Zhou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization, hydrogen energy has attracted global attention. As the United States has more than 30 years of practical experience in hydrogen energy R&D and application, this study conducts a detailed investigation on the hydrogen energy development plan and strategy formulated by the U.S. government, analyzes the U.S. hydrogen energy strategy and development objectives, direction and achievements since 1990, and focuses on the latest U.S. hydrogen energy development strategy in 2020 and the hydrogen energy breakthrough plan in 2021. It is concluded that the current US government has moved from initially …

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Historical Experience Of Tackling Original And Leading Problems Of Science And Technology—Case Study Of National Superconductivity Research, Chao Gu Sep 2021

Historical Experience Of Tackling Original And Leading Problems Of Science And Technology—Case Study Of National Superconductivity Research, Chao Gu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Tackling original and leading problems of science and technology (TOLPST) is the key to strengthening national strategic scientific and technological forces and achieving scientific and technological self-reliance of China. The national superconductivity research which began in 1987 is a typical TOLPST. It has helped China's high-temperature superconductivity research leap from backwardness, follow-up phase to parallel running state or even leading position, but it did not produce original innovation. The historical experience of national superconductivity research has important implications for TOLPST: (1) Basic research should be categorized and accurately implemented, especially the original innovation should be distinguished from the application-oriented research …

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Shallow Lake Physical-Ecological Process Modeling Platform (Lamp), Guangwei Zhu, Hongwei Wei, Tingfeng Yang, Wei Li, Kuanyi Li, Ruijie Shen, Shen Min, Jiangming Deng, Boqiang Qin Sep 2021

Shallow Lake Physical-Ecological Process Modeling Platform (Lamp), Guangwei Zhu, Hongwei Wei, Tingfeng Yang, Wei Li, Kuanyi Li, Ruijie Shen, Shen Min, Jiangming Deng, Boqiang Qin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Lake is an important component of inland water resource of China, and key ecological component of Mountain-RiverForest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland life community. Lake is also a perfect research unit for ecological theory owing to its relative clearly isolate ecosystem. Field observatory, controlled experiment, and numerical simulation are common research methods for limnology theory development and ecological restoration technology innovation. In shallow lakes, the lake ecosystem is very sensitive to the change of environmental condition. For example, changes of physical condition, such as wind-wave, could strongly influence the sediment-water interaction, light condition of water, and the growth of phytoplankton, and finally change the whole …

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Policy Overview (July–August, 2021) Sep 2021

Policy Overview (July–August, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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