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Western Washington University

2011

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Articles 31 - 60 of 95

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Preservation And Use Of Natural Resources In The Developing World: A Case Study Of The Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Emily Green Jan 2011

Preservation And Use Of Natural Resources In The Developing World: A Case Study Of The Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Emily Green

Occam's Razor

Developing nations often overlook the environmental effects of industrialization. However, these nations need healthy, sustainable resources in order to become prosperous and stable countries. Additionally, developed nations depend upon the natural resources of developing nations as raw materials. Loss of natural resources in developing nations therefore has effects at both national and global levels. A key challenge across the globe is balancing the human need for development with the necessity of the sustainable use and protection of natural resources. In the process of finding this balance, developing nations are revising both their national definition of conservation as well as the …

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Occam's Razor Vol. 1 - Full (2011) Jan 2011

Occam's Razor Vol. 1 - Full (2011)

Occam's Razor

No abstract provided.

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Moving "Eco" Back Into Socio-Ecological Models: A Proposal To Reorient Ecological Literacy Into Human Developmental Models And School Systems, Nicholas Stanger Jan 2011

Moving "Eco" Back Into Socio-Ecological Models: A Proposal To Reorient Ecological Literacy Into Human Developmental Models And School Systems, Nicholas Stanger

Environmental Studies Faculty and Staff Publications

Socio-ecological models contribute to the understanding of how context influences human development and construction of worldviews. However, the claim that socio-ecological models represent the “true” influencers of an individual might be a misrepresentation of the complexity of whole ecological systems. This paper explores the possibility of adapting the use of the “socio-ecological model” to better represent the ecological influencers, rather than the primary focus of human and social factors. With reference to the new trends in environmental education, this paper explores the definitions of ecologically-based language, outlines the current domain of socio-ecological models, and proposes a re-orientation of socio-ecological models …

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Cascadia Reconsidered: Questioning Micro-Scale Cross-Border Integration In The Fraser Lowland, Patrick H. Buckley, John Belec Jan 2011

Cascadia Reconsidered: Questioning Micro-Scale Cross-Border Integration In The Fraser Lowland, Patrick H. Buckley, John Belec

Environmental Studies Faculty and Staff Publications

Cascadia has been promoted as the premier cross-border region (CBR) along the western US-Canada border. However, most studies of this CBR have a strong normative inflection that assumes a great desire by the actors to emancipate themselves from dominance by the nation-state. Unlike as in other regions of the world such as Europe, little micro-level empirical investigation has been done of this hypothesis. This study seeks to address that issue by focusing on a proposed power plant in the heart of Cascadia which was to integrate resources and services between the border towns of Sumas, Washington and Abbotsford, British Columbia …

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The Planet, 2011, Winter, Mitch Olsen, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University Jan 2011

The Planet, 2011, Winter, Mitch Olsen, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

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Securitizing America: Strategic Incapacitation And The Policing Of Protest Since The 11 September 2001 Terrorist Attacks, Patrick F. Gillham Jan 2011

Securitizing America: Strategic Incapacitation And The Policing Of Protest Since The 11 September 2001 Terrorist Attacks, Patrick F. Gillham

Sociology

During the 1970s, the predominant strategy of protest policing shifted from “escalated force” and repression of protesters to one of “negotiated management” and mutual cooperation with protesters. Following the failures of negotiated management at the 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) demonstrations in Seattle, law enforcement quickly developed a new social control strategy, referred to here as “strategic incapacitation.” The U.S. police response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks quickened the pace of police adoption of this new strategy, which emphasizes the goals of “securitizing society” and isolating or neutralizing the sources of potential disruption. These goals are accomplished through …

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Community, Survival And Witnessing In Ravensbruck, Jeanne Armstrong Ph.D. Jan 2011

Community, Survival And Witnessing In Ravensbruck, Jeanne Armstrong Ph.D.

Western Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Name Disambiguation – Learning From More User-Friendly Models, Bob Thomas Jan 2011

Name Disambiguation – Learning From More User-Friendly Models, Bob Thomas

Western Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

Library catalogs do not provide catalog users with the assistance they need to easily and confidently select the person they are interested in. Examples are provided of Web services that do a better job of helping information seekers differentiate the person they are seeking from those with similar names. Some of the reasons for this failure in library catalogs are examined. This article then looks at how much information is necessary to help users disambiguate names, how that information could be captured and shared, and some ways the information could be displayed in library catalogs.

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Creating A Specialized Music Search Interface In A Traditional Opac Environment, Bob Thomas Jan 2011

Creating A Specialized Music Search Interface In A Traditional Opac Environment, Bob Thomas

Western Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

Undergraduate music majors often search for resources in a limited number of formats. This developed a specialized search interface which might better support the needs of undergraduate music majors. The aim of this paper is to improve music resource discovery now, without spending any additional funds.

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"Change Or Perish: Implementing Aeon In The University Of South Florida Tampa Library's Special Collections", Mark I. Greenberg, Barbara I. Lewis Jan 2011

"Change Or Perish: Implementing Aeon In The University Of South Florida Tampa Library's Special Collections", Mark I. Greenberg, Barbara I. Lewis

Western Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Boulevard Park Shoreline Improvements Project:Environmental Impact Assessment, Sara Desitter, Greg Kornelis, Travis Mabee, Caitlin Switaj, Greg Coulter Jan 2011

Boulevard Park Shoreline Improvements Project:Environmental Impact Assessment, Sara Desitter, Greg Kornelis, Travis Mabee, Caitlin Switaj, Greg Coulter

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The purpose of the Boulevard Park Shoreline Improvements Project is to remove fill, riprap, and sod from the shoreline along Boulevard Park and replace this hardened shoreline with sloping gravel, sand beaches, and rock groins. Ultimately, this alteration of the shoreline will hinder erosion, improve habitat, improve public access to the bay, and decrease the impact of storm surges.

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Samish Rezone: Environmental Impact Assessment, Philip Grant Bowman, Ryan Nicolas Joyner, Kelsey Erin Lorberau, Alexander Joseph Riedo Jan 2011

Samish Rezone: Environmental Impact Assessment, Philip Grant Bowman, Ryan Nicolas Joyner, Kelsey Erin Lorberau, Alexander Joseph Riedo

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The proposed action would rezone 113 acres between I5 and Samish Way from single family to multi-family in order to densely cluster newly constructed homes. This action would create approximately 245 homes, and urbanize the area.

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Downsizing For The Future: Whatcom County Adult Correction Facility And Sheriff's Headquarters Environmental Impact Assessment, Chris Fredley, Eric Johnson, Matt Milne, Lauren Vanderlugt Jan 2011

Downsizing For The Future: Whatcom County Adult Correction Facility And Sheriff's Headquarters Environmental Impact Assessment, Chris Fredley, Eric Johnson, Matt Milne, Lauren Vanderlugt

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The purpose of this environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to determine the effects of constructing and operating the proposed Adult Corrections Facilities and Sheriffs Headquarters in Whatcom County, Washington. This EIA addresses the positive and negative impacts associated with the proposed action, alternative action and no action alternative.

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Extension Of Lake Whatcom Phosphorus Ban: Environmental Impact Assessment, Jeffery P. Edwards, Clarrissa M. M. Ernst, Patrick L. Hopper, Kerri B. Love, Nicole D. F. Parish Jan 2011

Extension Of Lake Whatcom Phosphorus Ban: Environmental Impact Assessment, Jeffery P. Edwards, Clarrissa M. M. Ernst, Patrick L. Hopper, Kerri B. Love, Nicole D. F. Parish

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

Lake Whatcom is the main source of drinking water for over 96,000 people in Whatcom County including 82,000 residents of the City of Bellingham. Unfortunately, Lake Whatcom is currently listed under the Washington State Department of Ecology's 303D list as an impaired water body due to lack of dissolved oxygen. The main cause of low oxygen levels in the lake is excess phosphorus. Phosphorus is a nutrient necessary for all plant life. However, when too much of it enters aquatic systems, it can cause an imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem. In the past, phosphorus that was used in fertilizers and …

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You Can Have Your Boat, And Launch It Too: An Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Proposed Boat Launch At Former Riverside Golf Course In Ferndale, Washington, Steve Anderson, Paul Argites, Christina Hersum, Tracy Pennell, Justin Sant Jan 2011

You Can Have Your Boat, And Launch It Too: An Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Proposed Boat Launch At Former Riverside Golf Course In Ferndale, Washington, Steve Anderson, Paul Argites, Christina Hersum, Tracy Pennell, Justin Sant

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The boat ramp and parking lot facility consists of the larger part of the Riverplace Civic Center redevelopment project in Ferndale, Washington. Construction of a ramp and a parking lot would serve recreational purposes for residents utilizing the Nooksack River. The proposed facility would also accommodate a moderate volume of recreationists on a daily basis during peak activity months. Located adjacent to Interstate-5, this facility aims to increase recreation activities, and to provide an alternative launch site onto the Nooksack River to the almost out of commissioned boat launch upriver. The alternative actions address flaws with the initial proposal and …

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Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Ruth Creek Hydroelectric Project, Andrea Campbell, Darcie Williams, Paul W. (Paul William) Whelan, Daniel Skillman, Trevor Gearhart Jan 2011

Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Ruth Creek Hydroelectric Project, Andrea Campbell, Darcie Williams, Paul W. (Paul William) Whelan, Daniel Skillman, Trevor Gearhart

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The ensuing document presents the potential environmental impacts from a proposal submitted by the Free Flow Power Corporation of Massachusetts to the Federal Energy and Regulatory Commission for the development of a small-scale hydroelectric project on Ruth Creek, WA. Upon evaluating the existing conditions and likely effects of the proposed actions, we present an alternative solution of comparable cost and power generation, an enhancement of the earth-fill dam already in place on Cle Elum Reservoir, near of Roslyn, WA. Located in Whatcom County within Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, the Ruth Creek tributary meanders from alpine settings at its glacial headwaters …

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Advancing U.S.-Canada Border Transportation Planning And Programming, Hugh Conroy Jan 2011

Advancing U.S.-Canada Border Transportation Planning And Programming, Hugh Conroy

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

Since NAFTA, the United States and Canada have initiated programs to address cross-border transportation and anticipated increases in North American trade and travel. In 1999, The United States, through its multi-year transportation authorization act, began the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program (CBI). This program, focused on border transportation investments, also established federal support for regional, binational planning coalitions. In 2000, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Rodney Slater and Canadian Minister of Transportation David Collenette signed a memorandum of cooperation to collaborate on transportation issues of mutual interest. This quickly led to the formation of the U.S.-Canada Transportation Border Working Group (TBWG) in …

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Borders, Barriers, And Breakthroughs In The Cascadia Corridor, Troy D. Abel, Jenni Pelc, Lauren F. Miller, Jacqueline Quarre, Kathryn Mork Jan 2011

Borders, Barriers, And Breakthroughs In The Cascadia Corridor, Troy D. Abel, Jenni Pelc, Lauren F. Miller, Jacqueline Quarre, Kathryn Mork

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

This project focused on dilemmas of political biogeography through a case study of wildlife conservation and management efforts in the transboundary Cascadia region. Our team examined the interface of political science and biogeography, or “political biogeography,” through its manifestations in the evolving opportunities and barriers to regional wildlife conservation in the shared terrestrial ecosystems of British Columbia and Washington. Our research combined content analysis of policy documents and semi-structured stakeholder interviews and questionnaires.

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Creating New Partnerships: An Examination Of Two Collaborative, Grant-Funded Digitization Projects, Jenny K. Oleen, Livia Olsen Jan 2011

Creating New Partnerships: An Examination Of Two Collaborative, Grant-Funded Digitization Projects, Jenny K. Oleen, Livia Olsen

Western Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

Many agriculture professors are also avid photographers. Throughout their careers, they photograph the unique, the mundane, and the fantastic. Their photographs and slides range from beautiful roses and champion bulls to wheat covered in rust and sickly sows. During their academic years, they use the slides for class lectures, at conferences, and at presentations to the public. Many professors and researchers also collect print materials, amassing huge collections of pamphlets, research reports and books. These items, though old or out of print, often are unique and have great historic value. They document the progress and results of a professor’s research …

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Testing A Reconfiguration Of Fast At The Blaine Poe, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson Jan 2011

Testing A Reconfiguration Of Fast At The Blaine Poe, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

In prior articles we have described problems with efficacy of the Free and Secure Trade (FAST) trusted-shipper program at the Blaine, Washington, port-of-entry (POE). At Blaine, state and provincial transportation agencies invested in the construction of highway lanes dedicated to FAST trucks, but there has been relatively light usage of those lanes. In a 2009 field study we found that 23 percent of southbound trucks and just 2 percent of northbound trucks used the FAST lanes. Of the southbound FAST traffic, 73 percent of the trucks were empty. Southbound, the FAST lane seems primarily to be a rapid path by …

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Scholars' Views On Improving Border Policy, Donald K. Alper Jan 2011

Scholars' Views On Improving Border Policy, Donald K. Alper

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

On April 29, the Center for Canadian-American Studies at Western Washington University hosted a conference, Bridging Distances: Past and Future Perspectives on Canada-US Relations, to mark the program’s 40th anniversary.* Participating scholars and practitioners were asked to comment on future trends, opportunities and challenges in the relationship. Plenary remarks were given by Ian Brodie, former chief of staff to Prime Minister Harper, and the luncheon address was delivered by David Emerson, chair of the Energy Policy Institute of Canada and former minister in two governments. Panelists were convened to discuss issues covering the following areas: • Both Sides Now: Parallel …

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Advancing Program Symmetry For Us-Canada Investment In Cross-Border Transportation, Hugh Conroy Jan 2011

Advancing Program Symmetry For Us-Canada Investment In Cross-Border Transportation, Hugh Conroy

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

Reviewing the 17 years since the enactment of NAFTA, the U.S. and Canada have undertaken many initiatives to improve cross-border connections. While the range of issues that receive dedicated treatment is broad, this article focuses on crossborder transportation. Since NAFTA, both countries have set up multi-year federal investment programs for cross-border transportation – the U.S. Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program (CBI) in 1998 and the Canadian Border Infrastructure Fund (BIF) in 2002. In 2000, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Transport Canada (TC) signed a memorandum of cooperation (MOC) on transportation issues which led to the creation of the U.S.-Canada …

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Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: Results Of A Pilot Project, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer Jan 2011

Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: Results Of A Pilot Project, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

A 2010 study of the Southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) focused on alternative configurations for an under-utilized approach lane and inspection booth (Springer, 2010). At the time of the study, both the lane and the booth were restricted to enrollees in the FAST, or Free and Secure Trade, program (USCBP, 2005). The FAST program was designed to encourage members of the trucking industry to increase freight security by rewarding qualifying participants with shorter travel times. To qualify for FAST, carriers, drivers, and shippers are required to follow certain security procedures which enhance the safety and security of the border. Trucks …

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Cross-Border Freight Flows At The Two Land Borders, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose Jan 2011

Cross-Border Freight Flows At The Two Land Borders, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

This article provides an overview of the flow of goods between the U.S. and its two NAFTA neighbors, Canada and Mexico. It is the job of border agencies to facilitate these flows, and this article seeks to explain some aspects of the scope of the job. There is much regional variation in the volume and composition of freight flows, and this variety inevitably has implications for border management policies.

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Seminar Proceedings: Perimeter Security And The Beyond The Border Dialogue: Perspectives From The Pnw-Western Canada Region: Special Report, Border Policy Research Institute Jan 2011

Seminar Proceedings: Perimeter Security And The Beyond The Border Dialogue: Perspectives From The Pnw-Western Canada Region: Special Report, Border Policy Research Institute

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

The Harper-Obama Washington Declaration of February 4, 2011 stated: "to preserve and extend the benefits our close relationship has helped bring Canadians and Americans alike, we intend to pursue a perimeter approach to security, working together within, at, and away from the borders of our two countries to enhance our security and accelerate the legitimate flow of people, goods, and services between our two countries." As of June, 2011, there were no details on what "perimeter security" might look like. What was clear is that whatever form it takes will likely depend on the Ottawa and Washington, DC intergovernmental Beyond …

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Field Observations Of Northbound Truck Traffic At Pacific Highway, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Susannah Edwards, Yijun Zhang Jan 2011

Field Observations Of Northbound Truck Traffic At Pacific Highway, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Susannah Edwards, Yijun Zhang

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

This report pertains to a field project designed to collect data suitable for development of a simulation model of commercial vehicle operations (CVO) in the northbound direction at the Pacific Highway border crossing in Blaine, Washington. The project complements a recently completed effort that generated similar data for trucks moving southbound at Pacific Highway.

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Comparing A Year Of Legal Inbound Travel: The United States And Canada- 2009, Dylan Medina, Yijun Zhang, Susannah Edwards, Austin Rose, Christopher Miller Jan 2011

Comparing A Year Of Legal Inbound Travel: The United States And Canada- 2009, Dylan Medina, Yijun Zhang, Susannah Edwards, Austin Rose, Christopher Miller

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

This study initially set out to compare the cross-border flow of people into the U.S. and Canada over the course of one year. The research team at the BPRI chose to look at cross border flow for 2009, finding it to be the most recent comparable year. To begin this research, we set out with several general questions such as “who is crossing?”, “how many?”, “from where?” and “why?” We intended to first collect the quantitative data and then look at how the flow of people reflects or perhaps complicates the border and immigration policies, as well as the values, …

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2011 Pacific Highway Southbound Fast Lane Study: Final Report, Border Policy Research Institute Jan 2011

2011 Pacific Highway Southbound Fast Lane Study: Final Report, Border Policy Research Institute

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

In the spring of 2011, a pilot test was conducted at the U.S. commercial port of entry (POE) at Blaine, Washington. The test was designed to determine whether a reconfiguration of operations at the POE would lead to improved southbound freight mobility. This report documents the methods and results of the pilot test.

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Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: A Simulation Analysis, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer Jan 2011

Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: A Simulation Analysis, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

A recent study by Springer (2011) analyzed the results of a 2011 pilot project at the Southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) for commercial freight traffic. The goal of the study was to gauge the impact of opening the FAST booth, which was restricted to enrollees in the FAST, or Free and Secure Trade program (USCBP, 2005), to general purpose (GP) commercial freight traffic. To qualify for FAST, carriers, drivers, and shippers are required to follow certain security procedures which enhance the safety and security of the border. Trucks enrolled in FAST were then allowed to use the dedicated lane and …

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Regional Freight Capacity Management: Free And Secure Trade (Fast) Program Optimization At The Pacific Highway, Southbound Crossing, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer Jan 2011

Regional Freight Capacity Management: Free And Secure Trade (Fast) Program Optimization At The Pacific Highway, Southbound Crossing, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer

Border Policy Research Institute Publications

In the spring of 2011, a pilot project at the southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) tested the impact of opening the previously restricted FAST lane at the PHC to all commercial freight traffic. The FAST, or Free and Secure Trade program (USCBP, 2005), was designed to increase the security of southbound commercial freight into the United States. To qualify for FAST, carriers, drivers, and shippers are required to follow certain security procedures which aim to enhance the safety and security of the border. Trucks enrolled in FAST are then allowed to use the dedicated lane and inspection booth at the …

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