Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Marginalia No. 9, Merrill-Cazier Library

Marginalia

Issue Number 9: Autumn 2000

SAN FRANCISCO FINE PRESS PRINTING EXHIBITION- Virginia Parker’s Collection.

INTERIM DIRECTOR-A brief introduction to Reference Librarian John Elsweiler.

CALENDAR-Announcing the Arrington Lecture; Exhibits, Receptions.

WILD ABOUT HARRY- Vaughn Larson of the Moore Library on the Harry Potter phenomena.

USU SPECIAL COLLECTIONS MANUSCRIPTS-Stephen Sturgeon describes this collection & its growth

UTAH OPERA FESTIVAL CLASSIFIED-Jean Jensen on the cataloguing of the UFOC collection by USU libraries.

THE OPERA AIN’T OVER TILL THE FAT LADY SINGS-Where did this expression come from?

GIVING, APPRECIATED ASSETS-Jeannie Simmonds, Development, on how to use stock, etc. to make contributions

TAX TIP!- How …

Economic Sanctions: Their Ineffectiveness At Attaining Their Stated Foreign Policy Goals With Specific Reference To The Cuban Case, Harold Lee Ingram

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

International economic sanctions are not singularly modem phenomena. In ancient Greece, Pericles of Athens enacted the Megerian Decree in 432 BC in response to hostile acts taken against it by neighboring Megera. Later, during the American Revolutionary War, Thomas Jefferson encouraged the use of sanctions as an effective tool of coercive foreign policy to be used against the colonists' enemies. Since then, following the historical precedence of economic acts like the Megerian Decree, economic sanctions have continued to be used as tools of coercive diplomatic policy. For example, following World War I, President Woodrow Wilson encouraged the use of economic …

Comparison Of Utah And Dodpi Scoring Accuracy: Equating Veracity Decision Rule, Chart Rule, And Number Of Data Channels Used, Stuart M. Senter, Andrew B. Dollins, Donald J. Krapohl, Department Of Defense Polygraph Institute Research Division

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The performance of scorers using the University of Utah and Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DoD PI) physiological detection of deception chart evaluation rules were compared to discover if differences in laboratory-based decision accuracy rates are due to chart evaluation rules. Four scorers (two based at the DoD PI , two based at the University of Utah) evaluated the charts from 100 polygraph examinations (50 deceptive, 50 nondeceptive). We attempted to isolate scorer ability by equating the rules for making veracity decisions, number of charts used, and number of data channels considered. There was no evidence, when these variables were …

School-Based Primary Prevention Of Internalizing Disorders, Carol M. Moore

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This paper provides an overview of childhood internalizing disorders, including the symptomatology, prevalence rates, comorbidity of other psychopathologies, correlated factors, treatment, and prognosis. Previous research in the area of primary and secondary prevention of depression and anxiety is reviewed, and the need for school-based prevention programs discussed. Several curricular and comprehensive elementary-level programs that are currently available and supported by research are reviewed to highlight their efficacy, theoretical rationale, targeted risk factors, and implementation concerns. Conclusions and recommendations for implementation and future research are presented.

Is It Time For Cooperative Learning To Enter American Classrooms?, Donna Sewell

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Education's raison d'etre is to prepare students with the skills necessary for a productive and happy life within society. The fact that many educational institutions are experiencing a disconcerting number of students dropping out of school (and sometimes life itself) may be an indicator that this preparation is less than adequate in meeting their needs. In fact, the needs of a high school graduate today are so different and far-reaching than what they were 30-50 years ago, it will be easier to group them according to a change in economics, transformed demographics and changes in social situations and practices. Each …

The Relationship Of Human Psychological Characteristics With Athletic Performance, Grant P. Murray

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a literature review summary on the topic of the relationship of human psychological characteristics with athletic performance. Two research questions guided its development: (1) Is there any evidence that there is a relationship between individual human psychological characteristics and athletic performance? (2) If there is any evidence that there is a relationship between individual human psychological characteristics and athletic performance, is there further evidence that those individual characteristics translate in some way into group dynamics or attributes that may similarly influence team performance?

Adolescent Suicide: A Review Of School-Based Suicide Prevention In Middle And High School Settings, Stephanie Anne Alberico

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Suicide has been named a leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year-olds and it is evident that this public health concern warrants specific attention. The purpose of this paper was to review school-based suicide prevention programs. Prior to this review, background information on suicide including prevalence rates and general information on suicide is presented. It has been determined that adolescent males are four times as likely than females to complete suicide while females are twice as likely to attempt suicide. The most common methods of adolescent suicide completion are firearms and explosives while the most common mean of …

Riparian Zone Protection: The Use Of The Willingness-To-Accept Format In A Contingent Valuation Study, Catherine A. Broadhead

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to evaluate the minimum compensation landowners require to forego production on farm riverbanks areas. The elicitation format used in the survey is a yes-no participation question followed by an open-ended question.

Chapter 2 presents the results of the survey. The Heckman approach is used in the econometric analysis to take care of the self-selection problem arising with this formatting of the questions. Chapter 3 is devoted to further examining the potential for undertaking valuation exercises using the willingness-to-accept format (WTA)

WTA estimates obtained with open-ended format are compared to WTA estimates obtained when …

Treatment Of Separation Anxiety Disorder And School Refusal: A Comprehensive Review Of The Literature, Nicole Petersen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Separation anxiety disorder is a condition in which a child or adolescent experiences severe anxiety when separation from a parent or caregiver is imminent. A possible symptom of separation anxiety disorder or other psychological conditions is that the child may refuse to attend school or run away from school during the day, an occurrence commonly referred to as school refusal. Children with separation anxiety disorder or school refusal may, as a result, be limited in their social and educational opportunities. Therefore, a review of published studies on the treatment of separation anxiety disorder and school refusal was completed. To adequately …

Returns To Public Agricultural Expenditure Under Uncertainty, Sanjeev Misra

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A vast literature has investigated the returns to investment in agriculture research and generally found extremely high rates of return. These results suggest policymakers would do well to maintain or increase resource allocation to public agricultural research. Remarkably little attention has been paid, however, to the issue of how best to allocate public agricultural research funding between competing research areas and organizations. This paper considers the relative returns to alternative uses of public agricultural research funds committed to the agricultural experiment stations of 10 western states of the United States over the years 1967-91. A model of expected utility maximization …

Peer Groups And Adolescent Development In Traditional And Alternative High Schools, Diana D. Coyl

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study explored the influence of peer relationships on students who have a history of school difficulties. Peer Relationship Surveys I and II assessed school-based peer group status, relationship qualities, school-related behaviors, attitudes, and intentions (BAIs); substance (i.e., alcohol and tobacco) use; and identity development in relation to experiences at traditional (survey I, retrospective accounts) and alternative high schools (survey II). Both surveys were administered in five classrooms to students at an alternative high school (i.e. Cache High) during the first academic term (August 1999) and in January 2000. Eighty-five and 83 predominantly Caucasian adolescents between the ages of 15 …

Children's Awareness, Knowledge, And Understanding Of Aids In Bahrain, Anne Thomas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The incidence of acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is on the increase across the world. The purpose of this study was to explore young children's awareness, knowledge, and understanding of AIDS in Bahrain, in the Arabian Gulf region. This was done within the framework of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which spans development across time. Ninety-nine children aged 6 through 12 were administered a standardized interview to ascertain their knowledge about AIDS, its causes, outcomes, and prevention. The study explored whether knowledge about AIDS was related to age, gender, and parental education. It also examined the sources of children's …

Relations Among Mothers' Parenting Strategies, Parenting Stress, Psychological Well-Being, And Ratings Of Preschool Child Competence, Teri Morrison

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study utilized archival data collected from mothers of 82 Head Start children. Relations among the following were examined: a number of parenting strategies taken from the "Home Survey" subscale of the American Guidance Services (AGS) Early Screening Profiles "Home-Health Questionnaire"; parenting stress (the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form or PSI-SF); scores in two dimensions of psychological well-being (the Center for Epidemiological Studies Measure of Depression or CES-D, and the Pearlin Mastery Scale); and the ratings parents gave their children in four domains of competence (the AGS Early Screening Profiles "Self-Help Social Profile"). Data from the AGS measures were …

A Dynamic Analysis Of The Global Timber Market And Carbon Flux Of Forest Under Global Warming: An Integrated Modeling Approach, Dug Man Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As global warming migrates ecosystems toward the poles, the result has been a change in the distribution of ecosystem types and the productivity of ecosystem as well. Similar to other natural resources, forests are also potentially affected as ecosystems move toward the poles. Consequently, human beings are forced to adapt, and global warming will generate an impact on the global timber market through changes in timber harvests, regeneration inputs, stumpage prices, etc. In addition, the dynamic process of forest change in response to economic activities of human beings will accelerate or dampen the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. In …

Clinical Homework Directives: A Qualitative Exploratory Study, Emil F. Harker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A qualitative study was conducted to better understand how marriage and family therapists use homework directives in their work with couples. Eleven therapists of different marital therapy orientations were interviewed. Remarkably, all of the therapists reported using clinical homework directives in their practice with couples, including those clinicians who primarily identify themselves with psychodynamic models- -models that do not typically include homework in their constructs. Four themes emerged as to why homework is given: (a) to augment or extend the therapy session outside of therapy, (b) to help the clients focus on the therapy process between session, (c) to assess …

The Relationship Between Erikson's Developmental Tasks And Children Identified As At-Risk, Michael Mcmaken

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study evaluated task resolution for Erik so n's first four psychosocial stages, and overall psychosocial maturity, as predictors of risk in elementary school children Sample groups consisted of children already identified by their schools as being "at-risk," and children from the same schools identified as "not-at-risk'' Subjects completed a revised version of the Erikson Psychosocial Inventory Scale measuring trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry, as well as measures of self-esteem and school commitment. The not-at-risk group had substantially higher mean scores than the at-risk group in all the subscales. Correlation coefficients indicated strong relationships between psychosocial task resolution and predictors …

Promoting Development Through Play: A Migrant Head Start Parent-Child Enrichment Program, Dana K. Mortensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to assess the efficacy of an early intervention project focusing on early stimulating experiences through parent-child play interactions, and their impact on young migrant Latino children's mental, motor, social-emotional, and language development. An experimental group of 30 children from 26 families and a control group of 14 children from 14 families participated in this assessment. Dependent measures included the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Preschool Language Scale. Demographic data such as parent level of education, number of individuals living in the home, and family income were among the independent measures. Research hypotheses predicted the …

The Effects Of Family And Education Backgrounds On The Self-Identification Of Deaf And Hard-Of-Hearing Persons In Utah, Petra M. Rose

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the effects of family and educational background factors on three dimensions of social identity among 35 deaf and hard-of-hearing respondents in Utah. Three dimensions of social identity-were distinguished: self-definition (i.e., the degree to which a respondent defined himself or herself as deaf), self-evaluation (i.e., the degree to which a respondent attached value and emotional significance to identifying himself or herself as deaf), and group introjection (i.e., the degree of commitment, belonging, and loyalty a respondent attached to membership in the Deaf community). Semi-structured, videotaped interviews were conducted with 35 deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in Utah. Respondents were …

The Impact Of Minority Group Membership On Changes In Selected Health Outcomes Among Midlife Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Brenda H. Ralls

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Minority ethnic groups have disproportionately high rates of diabetes prevalence and complications. This study examined the degree, nature, and mediation of ethnic differences in changes over time in four health outcomes: functional limitations, emotional symptomatology, psychosomatic symptomatology, and self-reported health status. The theoretical context incorporated tenets from the social characteristics and the minority status perspectives.

Data were drawn from two rounds (1992 and 1996) of the Health and Retirement Survey, a national plane survey of midlife Americans. The study focused on a subsample of 744 respondents who had been diagnosed with diabetes or high blood sugar by the time of …

Fathers, Mothers, Marriages, And Children: Toward A Contextual Model Of Positive Paternal Influence, Ariel Rodriguez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research explored positive paternal involvement in the lives of children within the broader familial context of marital dynamics and positive maternal involvement. The National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) was used to obtain a longitudinal subsample of 582 first-married couples, as well as the wide range of variables necessary to explore this broader context of paternal influence. Three research questions guided the study: (1) What is the unique contribution of positive paternal involvement—with respect to positive maternal involvement and marital quality—in children's development? (2) How does the influence of positive paternal involvement interact with the influence of positive …

Mentoring At-Risk Youth: An Intervention For Skill Building In Problem Solving, Decision Making, And Conflict Resolution, Deborah J. Heater

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Low interpersonal skill level in younger youth has shown to lead to higher rates of delinquent behavior in older adolescents. Utah State University Extension established a program titled Youth and Families with Promise (YFP). This is a research-based mentoring program where mentors were screened, matched to individual youth, and activities planned that focus on 8 of the Search Institute's 40 assets. The program provided services for 156 at-risk youth ages 7 to 16 in six Utah counties, 66 of whom completed a pretest and posttest assessment. This research-based, intervention/prevention program has shown that the interventions used were effective in building …

Children's Experience Of Parental Divorce Disclosure: A Look At Intrafamiliar Differences, Heather Westberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study explores one aspect of the divorce process, divorce disclosure, to learn more about adult children's perceptions of that experience. Research questions examined participants' perceptions of how they were informed of their parents' divorce, their reactions to the news, and also how they would have preferred to have been told. Within this framework, the study additionally looks at similarities and differences between the experiences of siblings. Twenty siblings from eight different families were interviewed.

The most significant findings were that divorce disclosure occurred most often with only one parent present with most participants being informed in a manner different …

The Efficacy Of Group Bereavement Interventions: An Integrative Review Of The Research Literature, Jim D. Sharpnack

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study involves a meta-analysis of the extant English language literature reporting studies of the effectiveness of bereavement therapeutic interventions. Twenty-six studies (20 adult studies; 6 child studies) were located and served as the database for the current meta-analytic study. Questions asked of the studies in this meta-analysis included:

1. Describe background variables of subjects seeking bereavement group interventions.
2. Describe leader variables of persons leading bereavement group interventions.
3. Describe intervention variables in bereavement group interventions.

The major finding of the meta-analysis was that children and adult experimental subjects benefitted from the grief interventions in comparison to their control counterparts. The ratio …

A Case Study Of The Undergraduate Biomedical Research Component Of A Federally Funded Minority Student Development Program, Nancy A. Drickey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Tremendous growth in the biomedical science workforce has increased the need for trained scientists. The current workforce is severely underrepresented by minority groups, particularly Native Americans. To address this issue, the federal government funded programs that encouraged Native American students to participate in undergraduate biomedical science courses and research. One such program, funded by the National Institutes of Health, is the Minority Student Development Program at Northern Arizona University. Little research has been done on educational programs for minority populations.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe qualities and characteristics of the undergraduate research component of the …

Financial Problems As Predictors Of Divorce: A Social Exchange Perspective, Jan D. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

By using a conceptual framework derived from social exchange theory, this study examined the relationship between financial problems and divorce. Nationally representative data from the "Marital Instability Over the Life Course" panel study was used to determine if financial problems reported at one interview could predict those who would divorce by the subsequent interview. A self-replicating design allowed data analyses for three separate time periods: 1980-1983, 1983- 1988, and 1988-1992.

The sample used in this study consisted of 1,620 married men and women under the age of 55. Additionally, the participants were in their first marriages.

Divorce was the only …

Children's Stress Behaviors And Developmentally Appropriate Practice In Family Child Care Homes, Chih-Ying Chang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated and qualitatively compared differences in children's stress reactions across two levels of developmentally appropriate practice in family child care homes. Data were collected through observations.

Six children, five boys and one girl from six different family child care homes, between the ages of 36 and 60 months, were observed for the type and frequency of stress behaviors. The six family child care homes were divided into two groups based on more or less use of appropriate practices, and they were observed for the use of appropriate practices. Three one-hour observations were held in each family child care …

Effect Of Land In Commons On The Decision-Making Behavior Of The Pastoralists In The Central Rangelands Of Somalia, Abdinasir Mohamed Abdulle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Degradations of the rangelands is very common around the permanent settlements of the central rangelands of Somalia. This degradation is attributed to overstocking resulting form the fact that the rangelands are communally owned and herders are ignoring the shadow value of the forage. Information about the optimal herd size would help halt the rangeland degradation.

In this study, two allocation mechanisms were compared. The first was the private ownership solution where someone owns the rangeland and decides how many animals should be grazed there. The second was the solution where the rangeland is owned in common by the dwellers of …

Eating Disorder Risk Factors: A Prospective Analysis, Anne C. Dobmeyer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The current study examined whether elevations on four variables (drive for thinness, depressed mood, maladaptive cognitions, and ineffectiveness) were related to increased risk of developing an eating disorder over a 4-year prospective interval. Subjects (N = 191) were female undergraduates who were assessed with the Anorexia-Bulimia Inventory (ABI), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and a structured clinical interview.

Results indicated that individuals with elevated scores on each of the four variables at the initial assessment did not show higher absolute eating disorder incidence rates over the 4-year interval. However, initial scores on the four variables together explained approximately 13% of both …

The Geography Of Exploration: A Study In The Process Of Physical Exploration And Geographical Discovery, Joseph St.Onge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Exploration has been a common literary topic throughout the history of humans. However, much of this historical tradition has possessed a fairly narrow focus, emphasizing the drama and heroics of an individual explorer or concentrating on a description of a particular exploration. There has been little attempt at understanding the process of exploration and placing this important process in context with the historic and geographic phenomena that both affect and are affected by it. In this thesis, the author has broken the process of exploration down into a theoretical structure that is presented in a holistic model. This model has …

Family Leadership: Constructing And Testing A Theoretical Model Of Family Well-Being, Kevin A. Galbraith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leadership in organizational contexts has received considerable attention through the years. Although much is known about what constitutes effective leadership in an organizational setting, little is known about leadership as it pertains to the family. To address this limitation, a theoretical model of family leadership was developed. This model draws on transformational leadership and proposes five areas in which leadership could be carried out to lead and strengthen the family unit. These five areas include (1) leading the family with a vision, (2) maintaining a task orientation, (3) fostering close familial relationships, (4) establishing cooperation and teamwork, and (5) building …