Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Risk Assessment Of Exposure To Needle-Stick Injuries By Healthcare Failure Mode And Effect Analysis Method In A Large Hospital, R Yarahmadi, Mehdi Aligol, Meysam Eyvazlou, Shahnaz Bakand

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Article in Persian Background and Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most important jobs in exposure to Needle Stick (NS) and, therefore, are in risk of infection to diseases such as Hepatitis B (HB) and AIDS. The aim of this study was to identify and assess risk of injuries caused by needle and sharps in healthcare personnel of a hospital in Tehran. Methods: In this study, hazard analysis method of Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) was selected. After several meetings with related experts, by the help of a provided checklist, hazardous processes related to NS injuries …

Effect Of Temperature On Microstructure And Deformation Mechanism Of Fe-30mn-3si-4al Twip Steel At Strain Rate Of 700 S-1, Zhiping Xiong, Xue-Ping Ren, Jian Shu, Zhe-Lei Wang, Wei-Ping Bao, Shu-Xia Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

As twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is one potential material for shaped charge liner due to the combination of high strength and high plasticity, deformation mechanism at high strain rate and high temperature is required to study. Compression experiments of Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP steel were conducted using a Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine and a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) between 298 and 1073 K at strain rates of 10-3 and 700 s-1, respectively. Microstructures were observed using optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show that flow stress and densities of deformation twins and dislocations decrease with increasing deformation temperature at …

Grain Size Effect Of Thickness/Average Grain Size On Mechanical Behaviour, Fracture Mechanism And Constitutive Model For Phosphor Bronze Foil, Zhi Fang, Zhengyi Jiang, Xiaogang Wang, Cunlong Zhou, Dongbin Wei, Xianghua Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Size effects play a significant role in microforming process, and any dimensional change can have a great impact on materials' mechanical properties. In this paper, the size effects on deformation behaviour and fracture of phosphor foil were investigated in the form of grain size effect: the ratio of materials' thickness (T) to average grain size (D) by micro tensile tests. The ratio was designed to be closed to but larger than, less than and equal to 1, respectively. The results show that the amount of plastic deformation decreases with the decrease of the ratio of T/D, which indicates that the …

Effect Of Extreme Pressure Additives On The Deformation Behavior Of Oxide Scale During The Hot Rolling Of Ferritic Stainless Steel Strips, Liang Hao, Zhengyi Jiang, Xiawei Cheng, Jingwei Zhao, Dongbin Wei, Laizhu Jiang, Suzhen Luo, Ming Luo, Li Ma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

High-speed steel (HSS) materials are universally used as work rolls for the hot rolling of stainless steels. Their use has increased the output of the rolling mill and decreased roll material consumption and grinding. Sticking defects often occur, however, during the hot rolling process. In this article, extreme pressure (EP) additives were dropped on the HSS samples at high temperature. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) was chosen as the most effective EP additive by scratch tests on the HSS samples. In order to determine the optimum proportion of ZDDP in the lubricant, two reduction rates were tested on a Hille 100 …

The Effect Of Geometry And Material Properties On The Performance Of A Small Hydraulic Mckibben Muscle System, Danial Sangian, Sina Naficy, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Bertrand Tondu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Fluidic McKibben artificial muscles are one of the most popular biomimetic actuators, showing similar static and dynamic performance to skeletal muscles. In particular, their pneumatic version offers high-generated force, high speed and high strain in comparison to other actuators. This paper investigates the development of a small-size, fully enclosed, hydraulic McKibben muscle powered by a low voltage pump. Hydraulic McKibben muscles with an outside diameter of 6 mm and a length ranging from 35 mm to 80 mm were investigated. These muscles are able to generate forces up to 26 N, strains up to 23%, power to mass of 30 …

Improved Correction For The Tissue Fraction Effect In Lung Pet/Ct Imaging, Beverley F. Holman, Vesna Cuplov, Lynn Millner, Brian F. Hutton, Toby M. Maher, Ashley M. Groves, Kris Thielemans

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Recently, there has been an increased interest in imaging different pulmonary disorders using PET techniques. Previous work has shown, for static PET/CT, that air content in the lung influences reconstructed image values and that it is vital to correct for this 'tissue fraction effect' (TFE). In this paper, we extend this work to include the blood component and also investigate the TFE in dynamic imaging. CT imaging and PET kinetic modelling are used to determine fractional air and blood voxel volumes in six patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These values are used to illustrate best and worst case scenarios when …

Recovering Knowledge For Science Education Research: Exploring The "Icarus Effect" In Student Work, Helen Georgiou, Karl A. Maton, Manjula Sharma

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Science education research has built a strong body of work on students' understandings but largely overlooked the nature of science knowledge itself. Legitimation Code Theory (LCT), a rapidly growing approach to education, offers a way of analyzing the organizing principles of knowledge practices and their effects on science education. This article focuses on one specific concept from LCT-semantic gravity-that conceptualizes differences in context dependence. The article uses this concept to qualitatively analyze tertiary student responses to a thermal physics question. One result, that legitimate answers must reside within a specific range of context dependence, illustrates how a focus on the …

The Composite Effect In Static And Dynamic Familiar Face Perception, Simone Favelle, Alanna Tobin, Daniel Piepers, Rachel Robbins, Darren Burke

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The Asia-Pacific Conference on Vision (APCV) 2014 19-22 July 2014, Takamatsu, Japan

Numerical Study On Springback With Size Effect In Micro V-Bending, Zhi Fang, Haina Lu, Dongbin Wei, Zhengyi Jiang, Xianming Zhao, Di Wu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

With the development of microforming technology, the demand on accuracy of the metallic micro components is elevating. While springback phenomenon which is inevitable during bending process, can cause unpredicted dimensional error, bringing difficulties to the downstream assembly, and let alone the springback in microforming as the measurements of tools and workpieces downsize hundreds even thousands times. This paper focuses on the springback effect that occurs after the micro Vbending a classic processing method to manufacture microparts. Numerical simulation has been conducted to investigate the size effect in terms of Voronoi tessellation and springback. A finite element (FE) model of the …

Effect Of A Grain-Refined Microalloyed Steel Substrate On The Formation Mechanism Of A Tight Oxide Scale, Xianglong Yu, Zhengyi Jiang, Jingwei Zhao, Dongbin Wei, Cunlong Zhou, Qingxue Huang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The formation mechanism of tight oxide scale on the microalloyed steel was investigated at temperatures of 550-850 °C in dry air. Microstructural characterisations reveal that the spallation of oxide scale dominates at the centre of coarse grains on the oxidation initiation. The fine-grained steel improves the adhesive properties of oxide scale by enhanced grain-boundary diffusion. The lower activation energy and higher oxidation rate accelerate cation/anion migration along grain boundaries, leading to high magnetite content in the oxide scale. The approach by grain refinement at initial oxidation has been proposed to generate the pickle-free tight oxide scale.

Photonic Aharonov-Bohm Effect In Photon-Phonon Interactions, Enbang Li, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Kejie Fang, Shanhui Fan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is one of the most intriguing phenomena in both classical and quantum physics, and associates with a number of important and fundamental issues in quantum mechanics. The Aharonov-Bohm effects of charged particles have been experimentally demonstrated and found applications in various fields. Recently, attention has also focused on the Aharonov-Bohm effect for neutral particles, such as photons. Here we propose to utilize the photon-phonon interactions to demonstrate that photonic Aharonov-Bohm effects do exist for photons. By introducing nonreciprocal phases for photons, we observe experimentally a gauge potential for photons in the visible range based on the photon-phonon …

Effect Of Niobium Clustering And Precipitation On Strength Of A Nbti-Microalloyed Ferritic Steel, Andrii Kostryzhev, Abdullah Alshahrani, Chen Zhu, Julie Cairney, Simon Peter Ringer, Chris Killmore, E V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The microstructure-property relationship of an NbTi-microalloyed ferritic steel was studied as a function of thermo-mechanical schedule using Gleeble 3500 simulator, optical and scanning electron microscope, and atom probe tomography.

Effect Of Directional Solidification Rate On The Microstructure And Properties Of Deformation-Processed Cu-7cr-0.1ag In Situ Composites, Keming Liu, Zhengyi Jiang, Jingwei Zhao, Jin Zou, Zhibao Chen, Deping Lu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The influence of directional solidification rate on the microstructure, mechanical properties and conductivity of deformation-processed Cu-7Cr-0.1Ag in situ composites produced by thermo-mechanical processing was systematically investigated. The microstructure was analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The mechanical properties and conductivity were evaluated by tensile-testing machine and micro-ohmmeter, respectively. The results indicate that the size, shape and distribution of second-phase Cr grains are significantly different in the Cu-7Cr-0.1Ag alloys with different growth rates. At a growth rate of 200 μm s-1, the Cr grains transform into fine Cr fiber-like grains parallel to the pulling direction from the Cr dendrites. …

Effect Of Concentric And Eccentric Velocity During Heavy-Load Non-Ballistic Elbow Flexion Resistance Exercise, John Sampson, Allison Donohoe, Herbert Groeller

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: The current study provided a longitudinal evaluation of the anthropometric and fitness characteristics in junior rugby league players across three annual-age categories (i.e., under 13s, 14s and 15s) considering playing position and selection level.

Design: Longitudinal design.

Methods: Eighty-one junior rugby league players selected to a talent development programme were tracked over a two year period. Anthropometric (height, sitting height, body mass and sum of four skinfolds) and fitness (lower and upper body power, speed, change of direction speed and maximal aerobic power) characteristics were measured on three occasions (i.e., under 13s, 14s and 15s). Repeated measures multivariate analysis …

The Effect Of Processing Parameters On The Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Low-Si Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels, Fayez Alharbi, Azdiar A. Gazder, Andrii Kostryzhev, Bruno C. De Cooman, Elena Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A base low Si, high-A1 transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel and one with 0.03Nb and 0.002Ti (wt percent) additions were subjected to thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) and galvanising simulations. T

Intraindividual Variation In Urinary Iodine Concentrations: Effect Of Adjustment On Population Distribution Using Two And Three Repeated Spot Urine Collections, Karen E. Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Li Min Buchanan, Dorothy Mackerras

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives: To determine the effect of adjustment for intraindividual variation on estimations of urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), prevalence of iodine deficiency and population distribution of iodine status.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults from New South Wales, Australia.

Participants: 84 healthy men and women aged 60–95 years were recruited prior to introduction of the mandatory iodine fortification programme. Primary and secondary outcome: measures UIC data were collected from three spot urine samples, each 1 week apart. Repeated measures analysis of variance were determined between-person (sb) and total (sobs) SDs. Adjusted UIC values were calculated as ((person's UIC−group mean)×(sb/sobs))+group mean, and a corrected …

Numerical Modeling Of Size Effect In Micro Hydromechanical Deep Drawing, Hideki Sato, Ken-Ichi Manabe, Dongbin Wei, Zhengyi Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A modeling of tribological size effects in micro deep drawing (MDD) and micro hydromechanical deep drawing (MHDD) is a main focus in this study. The inner and outer pockets in which the different friction coefficients can be applied at different lubrication conditions are considered on the blank surface. The ratio of the area of outer pockets to inner pockets is changed with the decrease in the size. The low friction coefficient at the outer pockets is assumed in MHDD by considering the lubrication effect of fluid medium. The numerical analysis is performed under six lubrication conditions. The analytical results of …

Effect Of Austenite Deformation Temperature On Nb Clustering And Precipitation In Microalloyed Steel, E V Pereloma, A G Kostryzhev, A Alshahrani, C Zhu, J M. Cairney, C R. Killmore, S P. Ringer

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The effect of thermomechanical processing conditions on Nb clustering and precipitation in both austenite and ferrite in a Nb-Ti microalloyed steel was studied using electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. A decrease in the deformation temperature increased the Nb-rich precipitation in austenite and decreased the extent of precipitation in ferrite. Microstructural mechanisms that explain this variation are discussed. 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect Of Holding Temperature And Time On Ferrite Formation In Dual Phase Steel Produced By Strip Casting, Zhiping Xiong, Andrii Kostryzhev, Nicole Stanford, Elena V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Conventional dual phase (DP) steel (0.08C-0.81Si-1.47Mn-0.03Al, wt. %) was manufactured by the laboratory simulation of strip casting. The effect of holding temperature and time on microstructure evolution was studied using a quench-deformation dilatometer. Microstructures were observed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the nose temperature of ferrite phase field is around 650 °C. The kinetics of ferrite formation is fast within the first 100 s of holding at this temperature, and then formation of ferrite continues at a slower rate until it reaches the fraction corresponding to that defined by the lever rule. 70~80 % ferrite …

Enhancement Of Trace Organic Contaminant Degradation By Crude Enzyme Extract From Trametes Versicolor Culture: Effect Of Mediator Type And Concentration, Ngoc Luong Nguyen, Faisal Ibney Hai, Jinguo Kang, Frederic Leusch, Felicity Roddick, S Faraj Magram, William Price, Long Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The performance of two redox mediating compounds, namely 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and syringaldehyde (SA), was compared in terms of enhancement of enzymatic degradation of a diverse set of 14 phenolic and 16 non-phenolic trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) and the toxicity of the treated media. Extracellular enzyme extract (predominantly containing laccase) from Trametes versicolor culture achieved efficient degradation (70-95%) of nine phenolic and one non-phenolic TrOCs. Mediator dosing extended the spectrum of efficiently degraded TrOCs to 13 phenolic and three non-phenolic compounds, with moderate improvements in removal of a few other non-phenolic compounds. TrOC removal efficiency improved significantly as the HBT dose …

The Effect Of Ageing On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Powder Ti-5al-5mo-5v-1cr-1fe Alloy, Mansur Ahmed, Dmytro Savvakin, Orest M. Ivasishin, E V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The thermo-mechanically processed powder Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-1Cr-1Fe alloy was aged at 9.23 K for 1-8 h in order to investigate the effect of ageing time on the microstructure-mechanical properties relationships. The microstructures of the alloy after ageing cosist of the both primary and secondary alpha phases with retained B matrix phase. The shift of B peaks in X-ray pattern with ageing time indicates an increase in lattice parameter distorition due to diffusion into the retained B phase of more B stabilisers with smaller atomic radius compared to the elemental Ti. The tensile test results indicate that the sample aged for 1 h …

Mechanism For The Synergistic Effect Of Rapamycin And Resveratrol On Hyperinsulinemia May Involve The Activation Of Protein Kinase B, J Chen, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dear Editor, We read with great interest Leontiev et al.'s paper entitled 'Resveratrol potentiates rapamycin to prevent hyperinsulinemia and obesity in male mice on high-fat diet' recently published in Cell Death & Disease.1 Their finding that rapamycin and resveratrol have a synergistic effect is important for treating insulin resistance. They showed that rapamycin inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, while resveratrol inhibited S6 kinase (S6K). We think that these compounds may exert their effects through activating protein kinase B (Akt), a key regulator of insulin sensitivity. Both the inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin and of S6K by resveratrol could …

The Magnetocaloric Effect And Critical Behaviour Of The Mn0.94ti0.06coge Alloy, P Shamba, Jianli Wang, J C. Debnath, S J. Kennedy, Rong Zeng, M F Md Din, F Hong, Z X. Cheng, A J. Studer, S X. Dou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the Mn0.94Ti0.06CoGe alloy have been investigated using x-ray diffraction, DC magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements. Two phase transitions have been detected, at T-str = 235 K and T-C = 270 K. A giant magnetocaloric effect has been obtained at around Tstr associated with a structural phase transition from the low temperature orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure to the high temperature hexagonal Ni2In-type structure, which is confirmed by neutron study. In the vicinity of the structural transition, at T-str, the magnetic entropy change, -Delta S-M reached a maximum value of 14.8 J kg(-1) K-1 under a magnetic …

Effect Of Microstructure And Composition On Hydrogen Permeation In X70 Pipeline Steels, Ayesha J. Haq, K Muzaka, D P. Dunne, A Calka, E V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The influence of microstructure and composition on permeation of hydrogen in 1.2 and 0.5 wt.% Mn X70 pipeline steels after different processing was investigated using an electrochemical permeation technique. For 1.2 wt.% Mn (standard Mn) steel, the microstructure of normalised transfer bar was coarse equiaxed ferrite grains. This sample exhibited the highest diffusivity, followed by transfer bar, with a mixed ferriteebainitic ferrite microstructure; and hot rolled strip, with fine elongated ferrite grains. The 0.5 wt.% Mn (medium Mn) strip displayed lower diffusivity than the 1.2 wt.% Mn strip, due to hydrogen trapping by finer ferrite grains and a higher density …

Effect Of First Network Topology On The Toughness Of Double Network Hydrogels, Hai Xin, Sureyya Saricilar, Hugh Ralph Brown, Philip G. Whitten, Geoffrey Maxwell Spinks

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The fracture toughness of a double network (DN) hydrogel is shown here to be directly proportional to the toughness of the first-formed network. A series of DN gels was prepared in which the cross-link density of the first (tighter) network was controlled by varying the monomer and cross-linker concentrations. The toughness, tensile strength and elastic modulus of the DN gels increased significantly with an increase in the cross-link density of the first network and with identically prepared second networks. Moreover, the toughness of the double network was found to be linearly related to the toughness of the first network with …

Effect Of Particle Properties On The Discrete Element Simulation Of Wall Friction, Andrew Grima, Peter Wypych

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Modelling the interaction between particles and boundaries is of great interest and importance in many Discrete Element Method (DEM) applications where boundary failure conditions dictate the flow behaviour and velocity gradients of a bulk material. Bulk wall friction angles in DEM models are dependent on the mechanical properties of the particles and boundary material as well as the constraints of the contact models used, especially the tangential and rolling torque components. This paper examines the parameters determined from the calibration inclination test by conducting direct wall shear tests to validate the accuracy of the calibration parameters and the sensitivity of …

The Effect Of Chemical Composition On Microstructure And Properties Of Intercritically Reheated Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone In X70 Steels, Zhixiong Zhu, Lenka Kuzmikova, Huijun Li, Frank J. Barbaro

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The current study investigates the effect of different levels of Ti, N, and Ti/N ratios on microstructure and properties in the intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (ICCGHAZ) of two-pass submerged arc welds in API 5L grade X70 pipe. Gleeble simulation was employed to reproduce the ICCGHAZ of actual welds. Hardness and Charpy V-notch (CVN) tests were performed on the simulated samples. The microstructure of simulated ICCGHAZ was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LePera color etching technique was employed to identify and quantify the martensitic-austenitic (M-A) constituent. Results show that the simulated ICCGHAZ exhibited extremely low toughness, …

The Joint Effect Of Image Blur And Illumination Distortions For Mobile Visual Search Of Print Media, Yi Cao, Christian Ritz, Raad Raad

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Mobile Visual Search (MVS) is an emerging area of research given the explosion of smart and powerful mobile devices. Typically, the performance of MVS applications is influenced by the implemented image processing algorithms as well as various distortions that occur when capturing images by the mobile camera. This paper examines the joint effect of two common distortions, namely the illumination changes and image blurring on image matching accuracy for print media when using four state-of-the art local feature algorithms. Results obtained for a database of real camera images captured by two different camera models show that the illumination changes have …

Effect Of Rice Husk Ash On Workability And Strength Of Concrete, Avinash Babu Srinivasreddy, Timothy J. Mccarthy, Eric Lume

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Rice husk ash (RHA) is an agricultural waste which is a pozzolanic material that can be blended with the cement for manufacturing concrete. Its use can reduce the environmental impact of the cement industry. The present study investigates the chemical and morphological nature of RHA and silica fume (SF). Both can be used to improve strength and durability properties of concrete. Particle size distribution, loss on ignition (LOI), X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopic were conducted. The effect of replacement of cement 5%, 10% and 15% by weight with SF and RHA on compressive strength and workability has also been …

Effect Of Air Pollution And Racism On Ethnic Differences In Respiratory Health Among Adolescents Living In An Urban Environment, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Maria J. Maynard, Erik Lenguerrand, Melissa Whitrow, Oarabile R. Molaodi, Seeromanie Harding

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Recent studies suggest that stress can amplify the harm of air pollution. We examined whether experience of racism and exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) had a synergistic influence on ethnic differences in asthma and lung function across adolescence. Analyses using multilevel models showed lower forced expiratory volume (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC) and lower rates of asthma among some ethnic minorities compared to Whites, but higher exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and racism. Racism appeared to amplify the relationship …