Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Cultural Landscape Of. The Pawnees, Richard White

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In June of 1871, at the Pawnee village on the Loup River, the chiefs and soldiers of the four tribes of the Pawnee Nation met in council with their Quaker agent and superintendent. The council convened in the midst of the spring ceremonies; the women had already planted the fields and the priests had performed the Young Mother Corn ritual that ended the planting cycle. As it had for centuries, the attention of the Pawnees shifted to the mixed-grass plains hundreds of miles to the west where, in the first of their semiannual hunts, they would soon seek simultaneously to …

Towns Of The Western Railroads, John C. Hudson

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

From Chicago it is more than twenty-two hundred miles overland to any of the great cities of the Pacific Coast. For almost a century those who made this crossing traveled by train. If they chose to watch, and most did, they saw a three-day pageant of plain, mountain, and desert as it unfolded, hour after hour, across their view from the train window. The high point of the drama might have been an early evening view of Glacier Park, a crossing of the Great salt Lake at dawn, or a midday climb over Glorieta, but the thousands who saw the …

The Pioneer Landscape: An American Dream, David Lowenthal

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

To speak of pioneers, of the pioneer character, of the pioneer spirit, instantly brings vivid impressi~ns to mind. But what and where is the pioneer landscape? No more elusive or evanescent place exists. The pioneer landscape appears here, there, almost everywhere, for only a moment early in the chronicle of any locale; then it vanishes, never to return. Only once in its history is a place a pioneer country. Other pioneering efforts may follow-the extraction of some hitherto unknown or unusable resource, the creation of some new social orderbut these efforts do not occur in pioneer landscapes or circumstances. Lindbergh …

Plains Landscapes And Changing Visions, John Milton

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The plains landscape has always been a dominant factor in the lives of those people who confront it daily. Our recognition of pioneer nineteenth-century landscapes is a fusion in the mind of what we remember from early reports and visual images and our own personal vision of the land as it looks today. That concept of the pioneer landscape remains in our minds even as we respond to the contemporary landscape or through the imagination create our own. One reason, then, that pioneer landscapes are still important to us is that they have influenced our perceptions of the plains in …

Learning To Read The Pioneer Landscape: Braudel, Eliade, Turner, And Benton, John Opie

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Looking at different viewpoints about the landscape of middle America is like seeing the Japanese movie Rashomon: it all depends on who is telling the story. We tend to forget, for example, that American origins are intertwined with an agricultural world view. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the United States was predominantly a nation of farmers, and to all appearances it would continue so indefinitely. (It was not until the early twentieth century that more Americans lived in cities than on farms.) The future successful course of America seemed to depend upon vast and open tracts of good …

Impacts Of Technology On U.S. Cropland And Rangeland Productivity, Office Of Technology Assessment

Congressional Research Service Reports

This Nation's impressive agricultural success is the product of many factors: abundant resources of land and water, a favorable climate, and a history of resourceful farmers and technological innovation. We meet not only our own needs but supply a substantial portion of the agricultural products used elsewhere in the world. As demand increases, so must agricultural productivity. Part of the necessary growth may come from farming additional acreage. But most of the increase will depend on intensifying production with improved agricultural technologies. The question is, however, whether farmland and rangeland resources can sustain such intensive use.

Land is a renewable …

Social/Behavioral Science Contributions To Our Understanding Of The Pedestrian Experience: A Brief Review, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Social/behavioral research of the last decade has set the stage for major advances in our understanding of pedestrians and their world. Many of these ideas could radically change our approach to planning for pedestrians. However, full-scale realization of these perspectives during the next ten to twenty years will depend, in very large part, on our receptivity as practitioners to new goals, motivations, and research methodologies which are presently gaining momentum within the social/behavioral disciplines. The discussion here reviews the. emerging outlines of this happy renaissance in pedestrian research and. underscores the philosophical, ideological, and methodological issues which are so central …

Book Review: Estimating The Size Of Animal Populations, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The array of methods available to estimate animal populations is as bewildering as its literature is overwhelming. Consequently, a short book that promises to "outline the procedures involved" and give "a concise account of the theory" is warmly welcomed. This book offers all of that in a short text designed for both undergraduate and graduate students.

Book Review: Populist Systems: A General Introduction, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The profession of wildlife management has had an incomplete evolution into wildlife ecology if we are to believe that names of university departments accurately reflect current status. This transition implies less emphasis on doing and greater emphasis on understanding. I term the evolution incomplete because wildlife biologists have not fully embraced all the tools of ecology. One such tool is population ecology. Certainly we have studied wildlife population dynamics, but often with a narrow focus, viewing as unique a particular group of animals in a certain area at some specified time. Less often have we endeavored to draw together our …

Revised Checklist Of North Dakota Birds, Craig A. Faanes, Robert E. Stewart

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

This current list includes 365 species of which 353 are considered valid and 12 are hypothetical. A breakdown of this list includes 207 species that nest or have nested, 95 that occur as migrants, 28 accidental, 21 occasional, 2 extirpated, and 1 extinct species. Species that have nested at least once in the State are indicated with an asterisk (*) in the list. An additional 16 species that are either summer residents, casual, or primarily migrants are considered to be inferred nesting species, based on observations of territorial behavior in the proper habitat during normal breeding periods. These species are …

Sandhill Cranes And The Platte River, Gary L. Krapu, Kenneth J. Reinecke, Charles R. Frith

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The waters of many western rivers have been diverted by man for irrigation and other consumptive uses (Ohmart et al. 1977, Johnson 1978). As flows in certain rivers diminished precipitously during this century, numerous conflicts have arisen brought on by changes affecting various interests. The Platte River is such an example. With approximately 69 percent of the annual flows destined for the Platte now removed upstream (Kroonemeyer 1979) and additional projects proposed that would utilize remaining flows, intense competition and widespread concern have developed among the factions relying on the river's flows to meet their needs.
One effect of the …

Spatial Learning As An Adaptation In Hummingbirds, Susan Cole, F. Reed Hainsworth, Alan Kamil, Terre Mercier, Larry L. Wolf

Avian Cognition Papers

An ecological approach based on food distribution suggests that hummingbirds should more easily learn to visit a flower in a new location than to learn to return to a flower in a position just visited, for a food reward. Experimental results support this hypothesis as well as the general view that differences in learning within and among species represent adaptations.

Field Techniques And Research Methods In Geography, Robert Stoddard

Geography Program: Faculty Publications

Inexperienced researchers seeking to solve geographic problems are often confronted with a wide choice of techniques available for acquiring data. Unfortunately, information about these techniques is scattered among various publications. This text was written, therefore, for the purpose of assembling several potential field methods into one publication. It provides aspiring researchers with the opportunity to compare alternative types of data-gathering techniques and to select those appropriate to particular research problems.

Although the emphasis is on research in human geography, the techniques presented are useful for other groups of readers such as urban planners, regional planners, sociologists, and others concerned with …

The Multi-Individual Cremation Phenomenon Of The Santa Cruz Drainage, Karl J. Reinhard, T Michael Fink

Karl Reinhard Publications

Multi-individual cremation deposits found in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage were previously interpreted as the result of hypothesized cultural contact in the area. A review of 50 cremation deposits for which detailed analyses are available indicates that mulii-individual cremation deposits are the result of incomplete gleaning practices and have doubtful cultural significance. Hypotheses are generated from the present data which account for the apparent variation in cremation practices within the study area.

Cuban Women In Popular Culture, Mary Jo Deegan

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Popular culture is, by and large, a disruptive influence on the Cuban goal of equality for women. This rather strong statement is based on a short visit to Cuba, but fairly extensive data sources. These include daily bombardment by muzak, two evenings at nightclubs, five Cuban long-playing record albums, three women's magazines and a popular music booklet, visits to the Bay of Pigs Exhibition, and the viewing of national-sponsored television. In other words, during even a brief stay, the visitor is in frequent contact with Cuban popular culture.

There are two origins of Cuban popular culture: foreign and indigenous. The …

Walking Into The Night – An Exercise In Integrated Pedestrian-Oriented Facilities Design, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Several of the ideas and approaches outlined in the sections above were implemented as exercises in a joint, graduate-level community planning/landscape architecture design seminar at Iowa State University during the 1980/81 winter academic quarter. Students were challenged to approach the environments utilized by pedestrians in an integrated, holistic manner. A specific focus was required for the course, however, and the co-instructors chose to concentrate on the character of the pedestrian environment as it is experienced when walking at night.

A review of the literature would lead the planner/designer to conclude that the pedestrian environment largely disappears after dark. With the …

Pheasants In Asia 1982: Proceedings Of The Second International Pheasant Symposium (September 1982 : Srinagar, Kashmir), Keith C. R. Howman, Christopher D. W. Savage, M. W. Ridley

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Chapter 1: Pheasant Conservation in India and Nepal

Conservation of pheasants in India through biosphere reserves, N. D. Jayal

Pheasant conservation in Nepal, BISWA N. UPRETI

The Machhapuchare Wildlife Conservation Project in Nepal, James Roberts

Planning for the management of a Himalayan pheasant reserve, J. A. Forster

The role of mapping in future management and conservation of pheasants, Christopher D. W. Savage

Chapter 2: Population Studies of Himalayan Pheasants

Surveys, census, monitoring and research: Their role in pheasant conservation, A. J . GASTON

Popluation dynamics of the Koklas pheasant (Pucrasia macolopha) in Malkandi Forests, Pakistan, Wazir Mohammad Khan …

An Evaluation Of The Nebraska Career Information System, Donnalee Heather Van Zante

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The specific objectives of this study were to compare the extent of knowledge possessed by students in Nebraska Career Information System (NCIS) schools and those in non-NCIS schools with regard to: (1) work factors as well as a knowledge of the interests and abilities which relate to these factors; (2) postsecondary school entrance and financial requirements, schools which provide training for specified occupations, together with knowledge of employment opportunities available in those occupations; (3) knowledge of working conditions, including work settings, wage scales, and the salary necessary for a beginning wage. Additional objectives were to compare the extent to which …

Identification Of Factors Influencing Student Choices Of Secondary Vocational Educational Teaching As A Career, Josee Lee Forell

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influentia1 in student choices of secondary vocational teaching as a career. The population for the study consisted of students entering vocational teacher education programs in public postsecondary institutions in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. Vocational areas included agriculture, business education, health occupations, home economics, industrial education (including industrial arts) and marketing and distributive education. Questions investigated included the degree of influence of particular persons, preparationa1 experiences, and intrinsic and extrinsic vocational teaching-related factors on student decisions to enter vocational teacher education. Questions relating to the time at which students made the …

Effects Of Redhead Nest Parasitism On Mallards, Larry Talent, Gary Krapu, Robert Jarvis

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Female Redheads (Aythya americana) are known to deposit eggs in nests of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Joyner (J. Wildl. Manage. 40:33-38, 1976) attributed a high rate of Redhead parasitism on Mallard nests at Farmington Bay, Davis Co., Utah, to crowding of host and parasite into the same habitat. Weller (Ecol. Monogr. 29:333365, 1959) stated that at Knudson Marsh, Utah, only a few deep channels and patches of water were suitable for feeding and courtship by Redheads, and nests of other ducks located near those areas were heavily parasitized; nests farther from the shore were parasitized less often. …

Review Of Ho For California! Women's Overland Diaries From The Huntington Library Edited And Annotated By Sandra L. Myres, Merrill J. Mattes

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The Huntington Library, located in an exclusive suburb of Pasadena, is less famous than the Rose Bowl and is probably even less wellknown than its companion, the marvelous Huntington Botanical Gardens. In the scholarly world of English literature and American history, however, the Huntington Library is distinguished for its collection of rare books and manuscripts, which place it among the foremost research libraries in the world. Included in its collections are more than 150 original manuscript diaries and letters of persons who traveled from "the States" to the Pacific Coast before the railroad revolution. From them Sandra Myres has selected …

Review Of Progressive Oklahoma: The Making Of A New Kind Of State By Danney Goble, John Braeman

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

At the time of its adoption, the Oklahoma state constitution of 1907 was widely regarded as the epitome of advanced progressivism. Yet that auspicious beginning has scarcely been matched by the state's later history, in which leading motifs have been corruption, demagoguery, and control-not always unchallenged, but largely successfully maintained-by vested private interests. The virtue of the present work lies in its providing clues to explain this apparent paradox. Its defect is Goble's failure to grapple with this question-or even to recognize that a problem exists.

In part, the difficulty is a result of the book's chronological limits. Goble focuses …

The New Rural History: Defining The Parameters, Robert P. Swierenga

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In the last ten years the "new social history" and its stepchild the "new urban history" have become the dominant sub field s within the history discipline; but the "new rural history" remains an orphan child with little recognized place as yet in academic curricula or historical writings.¹ Unlike urban history, which is studied as a coherent whole, aspects of rural history are usually discussed under such rubrics as the westward movement, agricultural history, land history, frontier development, Indian history, and so forth.

The implicit assumption behind this disjointed scholarly perception is that rural history is an incongruity in …

The Immigrant Church As A Symbol Of Community And Place In The Upper Midwest, Robert C. Ostergren

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

There can be little doubt that the church as an institution played a major role in the organization and development of community on nineteenth-century American frontiers, especially in the Middle West. Zealous missionary activity was characteristic of American Protestantism in the nineteenth century, and a good portion of that effort was expended on midwestern frontier populations. Thus the region emerged as a locus of fierce competition between the established American denominations. In addition, the Midwest was fertile ground for the establishment of new denominations. Many who settled the region were immigrants who came directly from Europe. Their uprooting severed ties …

Index- Fall 1981

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Index (7 pages)

Fall 1981

Review Of The Kansas Beef Industry By Charles L. Wood, R. Douglas Hurt

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

From the mid-nineteenth century until today, the beef cattle industry has played a major role in the economic development of Kansas. Before the late 1890s, however, the harsh environment of the central Great Plains and depressed economic conditions prevented this frontier livelihood from becoming a stable beef-producing industry. Furthermore, by the late nineteenth century, the open range had disappeared, and the days when cattlemen grazed their stock on the Kansas grasslands and herded their cattle to the railhead were long in the past. With decreased mobility, cattlemen were forced to improve their managerial skills to maintain efficient beef production and …

Review Of The Explorations Of The La Verendryes In The Northern Plains, 1738-43 By G. Hubert Smith, Abraham P. Nasatir

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The La Verendrye family, father and sons, took an active part during the 1730s and 1740s in the movement of the French from Canada toward the West in the interest of the Indian fur trade, international rivalry, and the search for the Western Sea. Excellent fur traders and explorers, they moved south and west from their headquarters north of Lake Superior and pushed the line of French-Canadian posts toward the Rocky Mountains. They were the first Europeans to explore the northern plains area and to leave a record of their passage.

In 1950 the National Park Service appointed G. Hubert …

Review Of William Robinson Leigh: Western Artist By D. Duane Cummins, Robert Spence

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In 1979 the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, in collaboration with the University of Oklahoma Press, published Mildred Ladner's useful study of the Montana painter Olaf C. Seltzer, one of Charlie Russell's proteges. Gilcrease director Fred Myers, in a foreword, described this venture as "a harbinger of Gilcrease participation in the maturation of American art and art awareness."

Duane Cummins's William Robinson Leigh now follows quickly as the second volume in this series and attests to the seriousness of the Gilcrease commitment-if not to the maturation of American art, then at least to the enhanced understanding and …

Title And Contents- Fall 1981

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY

FALL 1981 VOL. I NO.4

CONTENTS

THE NEW RURAL HISTORY: DEFINING THE PARAMETERS Robert P. Swierenga

THE IMMIGRANT CHURCH AS A SYMBOL OF COMMUNITY AND PLACE IN THE UPPER MIDWEST Robert C. Ostergren

BEYOND THE BORDERLANDS: MEXICAN LABOR IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS, 1900-1930 Michael M. Smith

ROL VAAG, GROVE, AND PIONEERING ON THE AMERICAN AND CANADIAN PLAINS Dick Harrison

BOOK REVIEWS

Community on the American Frontier 263

The Explorations of the La Verendryes in the Northern Plains, 1738-43

Ho for California! Women's Overland Diaries from the Huntington Library

The Jews in Oklahoma

The Germans from Russia in …

Review Of The Czechs In Oklahoma By Karel D. Bicha, Bruce M. Garver

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

This booklet, one of ten in the Newcomers in a New Land series, not only addresses a popular audience but offers scholars some new information and a thoughtful examination of many aspects of the Czech-American experience in Oklahoma. Recognizing the typical American reader's unfamiliarity with the history of Czechs in Europe and the United States, Karel Bicha of Marquette University devotes the first two of his nine chapters to a survey of that history. The third chapter, organized chronologically, tells how several thousand Czechs settled in Oklahoma from 1889 to 1910. Each of the next four chapters is organized topically …