Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Summer 1995 Ethnographic Field School: An Overview, Emilia Gonzalez-Clements

Nebraska Anthropologist

A five-week summer field school was conducted in the northern Sierra Oriental of northeast Mexico. Ten social science including anthropology) and one engineering student worked as a field team studying the impacts of new economic development initiatives on a rural ejido and participated in a small-scale irrigationlwater management project. The field school was directed by Emilia Gonzalez-Clements, applied anthropologist, and L. Davis Clements, Professor of Biological Sciences Engineering/Chemical Engineering/ Animal Science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Course requirements included a readings packet, field journal, 6-page paper and 2-page report. Paper topics were selected by students in areas of their professional …

Nebraska Anthropologist Volume 12: 1995-1996 Table Of Contents

Nebraska Anthropologist

AN HONORING

03 Dorothy M. McEwen: An Appreciation (Peter Bleed)

1995 ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELD SCHOOL

05 Summer 1995 Field School: An Overview (Emilia Clements-Gonzalez)

07 The Effects of a Long-Term Drought on the Economic Roles of Hacendado and
Ejidatario Women in a Mexican Ejido (Jodi L Biskup and Darcy L. Boellstorff)

15 The Ethnobotany of a Mestizo Village (Christina A. Pereira)

ARTICLES

31 Environmental Resources and Range Size: A Study of Modem and Ancient Hunter Gathers (George H. MacDonell)

47 Women in Development: The Need for a Grassroots Gender Planning Approach (Darcy L. Boellstorff)

57 Geophagy: Adaptive or Aberrant Behavior? (David …

Women In Development: The Need For A Grassroots Gender Planning Approach, Darcy L. Boellstorff

Nebraska Anthropologist

While the recognition of the roles of women in Third World society is increasing, the adequate operational frameworks for including the concerns of women involved in development planning has not kept pace. Models generally used in planning ignore the importance of gender in social structures. Development in the Third World has historically provided little benefit to women, generally leaving them in a more vulnerable social and economic position. Gender planning holds the key to the implementation of successful development programs in Third World communities by recognizing different social relationships between women and men occur from society to society and are …

Paleoecological Implications Of Plant/Animal Grazing Relations On The Mammoth Steppe Of Eastern Beringia, Andre Antinori

Nebraska Anthropologist

This paper reassesses the areal extent of Mammoth Steppe in Eastern Beringia and discusses some of the ways in which grazing and topography entered into the maintenance of the Mammoth Steppe. Large, generalist grazing mammals, by their grazing style, helped maintain the Mammoth Steppe by removing old-growth and by stimulating grass plants to reproduce vegetatively. These grazers also promoted uniformity in growth-form and uniformity in plant biomass (phytomass) above and below the ground surface. During the late Pleistocene these large, generalist grazers were eliminated from interior Alaska by Paleolndian hunters and their predatory animal companions. The loss of these large, …

Postmodernism And Anthropology, Elisabeth R. Gaines

Nebraska Anthropologist

Postmodem anthropology questions the authority of the objective participant observer, yet eludes a precise definition. Many different experimental approaches comprise the postmodern stand, and represents a diversion from interpretive anthropology. Deconstructionists peel away the layers of subjectivity from written text derived from observation. The movement presently resides in a whirlwind of conflicting opinions conceming the postmodem style of ethnography. One of these styles, inclusive of anything and everything, conveys a chaotic message, but lacks a truly holistic quality. Some postmodem critics believe the key to fundamental meaning lies in a historical perspective where the subtleties of interpretation and writing are …

Contributions Of The Conservation Reserve Program To Populations Of Breeding Birds In North Dakota, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence Igl

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Previous studies have shown that habitat provided by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a feature of the 1985 farm bill, is used by many birds. The present study quantitatively assesses the importance of the CRP by estimating changes in breeding bird populations of North Dakota projected if CRP land would revert to cultivation. Of 18 species that were common in CRP or crop fields or both, 12 were more abundant in CRP habitats. Six of these species had suffered significant population declines during 1967-1990, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. In contrast, none of the six species that …

Ecological Genetics For The 21st Century, Bonnie S. Bowen

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

In the spring of 1991, the University of North Carolina hosted a series of seminars on the topic of ecological genetics. Five distinguished researchers, Montgomery Slatkin, Sara Via, Michael Lynch, Janis Antonovics, and Joseph Travis, were each invited to present two talks: one a general overview of a research area in contemporary ecological genetics, and a second on a specific research topic. The ten chapters of Ecological Genetics are based on those presentations.

A Noteworthy Record And The Breeding Distribution Of The Blue Grosbeak In North Dakota, Lawrence D. Igl

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The northern limit of the blue grosbeak's (Guiraca caerulea) breeding distribution occurs in southern North Dakota. Records of the blue grosbeak in North Dakota are uncommon. Here, I report my observation of a blue grosbeak at a site where the species was recorded 25 years earlier. A summary of the species' distribution and records in North Dakota are provided.

Dramatic Increase Of Le Conte's Sparrow In Conservation Reserve Program Fields In The Northern Great Plains, Lawrence D. Igl, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

During a continuing investigation in the northern Great Plains, we documented substantial increases of the Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus Leconteii) in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in 1994 compared with 1990-93. The most dramatic increases occurred in Eddy County, North Dakota, and Sheridan County, Montana. The changes in habitat associated with the drought from 1989 to early 1993 and above-normal precipitation from mid-1993 through mid-1994 likely produced favorable breeding conditions for this species in CRP fields in 1994.

The Ethnobot Any Of A Mestizo Village, Christina A. Pereira

Nebraska Anthropologist

The study of ethnobotany examines the role plants play in a society. In many
subsistence-based agricultural societies plants provide a variety of resources for the subsistence of the people, including food, medicine, tools, and adornment. This paper examines the manner in which members of a Mexican mestizo village utilized local plants in their daily lives. Data is drawn from an ethnographic field school rsearch during the summer of 1995 in the ejido Emilio Carranza, near the town of Los Rayon in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon. Residents classified plants in four broad categories, and maintained many of the most …

Review Of Skeletal Biology In The Great Plains: Migration, Warfare, Health, And Subsistence, Edited By Douglas W. Owsley And Richard L. Jantz. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. 415 Pages., Alan J. Osborn

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph:

The editors and contributors to this large, impressive volume present thirty-two chapters that deal with Great Plains skeletal biology. The goal of these diverse investigations was to derive critical information from human skeletal remains about past inhabitants of the Plains, including prehistoric and historic Indians, as well as Euro-Americans. These contributions are organized topically into five parts: (1) archaeology; (2) demography and paleopathology; (3) biological distance measures and skeletal morphology; (4) diet and subsistence strategies; and (5) warfare. The studies represent the collaborative efforts of archaeologists, physical anthropologists, ethnologists, ethnohistorians, and physical scientists. A major impetus for these …

Obligations And Penalties Under Lemon Laws: Automobiles Versus Tractors, Terence J. Centner, Michael E. Wetzstein

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Distinctive new provisions of tractor lemon laws which create obligations and provide penalties for defective self-propelled agricultural equipment are contrasted with provisions of automobile lemon laws. Lemon-law obligations involve both producers' guarantees to provide consumers with a serviceable vehicle and producers' promises to remedy defects. Due to fewer manufacturer obligations under the tractor lemon laws as opposed to automobile lemon laws, tractors may be expected to have more defects than automobiles. Yet the tractor lemon laws contain fewer penalties in the form of restitution remedies. The inconsistences of these obligations and penalties suggest tractor laws may be inefficient.

Training Sociologists: Professional Socialization And The Emergence Of Career Aspirations, Bruce Keith, Helen A. Moore

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The individual and departmental factors affecting graduate students' professional socialization were studied by employing data from 309 PhD students in 16 graduate programs in sociology. Using Rosenbaum's tournament model of opportunity structures and aspects of Tinto's model of social psychological integration, this study examines students' access to initial funding, resources in the department, indicators of prior ability, current professional activities, mentoring processes, and social psychological factors for their effects on socialization into the academic profession. Access to initial funding and to mentoring have substantial effects on PhD students' professional socialization, but prove to be less than rational processes in the …

Environmental Resources And Range Size: A Study Of Modern And Ancient Hunter Gatherers, George Macdonell

Nebraska Anthropologist

Archaeological surveys should be designed to better understand how past people interacted with their environment. An accurate survey should cover a group's range size in order to get a true representation of the diversity of the group's activities. Range size is defined as the total area of land over which a group moves and procures resources. Past studies of hunter gatherer range have focused on stylistic boundaries of pottery and stone tools. Optimal Foraging Theory has been used to better understand hunter gatherer territoriality and it can be used as a frame of reference for understanding range size as well. …

Geophagy: Adaptive Or Aberrant Behavior, David E. Engberg

Nebraska Anthropologist

Geophagy, clay or dirt eating, is a worldwide phenomenon of long historical precedence. Historically perceived as an irrational behavior, today, growing evidence supports the contention that earth eating has adaptive value. Case studies from Africa and the United States illustrate the practice. A literature review shows that three primary explanations have been offered to account for the presence of geophagy in human populations. The first argues that geophagy has medicinal value as an anti-diarrheal and as a dietary supplement in vitamin and mineral poor environments. The Second contends that geophagy is a culturally transferred practice. The third states that earth …

The Identification Of Individuals With Disabilities In National Databases: Creating A Failure To Communicate, Kevin S. Mcgrew, Bob Algozzine, James E. Ysseldyke, Martha L. Thurlow, Amy N. Spiegel

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to analyze similarities and differences in how students with disabilities are identified in national databases. National data collection programs in the United States Departments of Education, Commerce, Labor, Justice, and Health and Human Services, as well as databases from the National Science Foundation, the American Council of Education, and the College Board, were examined. Nineteen national data collection programs were selected as being potentially useful in the extraction of policy-relevant information on the educational status and performance of students with disabilities. Among these 19 programs there was significant variability in the disability categories used. …

Statistical Sirens: The Allure Of Nonparametrics, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Although nonparametric statistical methods have a role to play in the analysis of data, often their virtues are overstated and their deficiencies overlooked. A recent Special Feature in Ecology advocated nonparametric methods because of an erroneously stated advantage that they require no assumptions regarding the distribution underlying the observations. The present paper points out some often-ignored features of nonparametric tests comparing two means, and advocates parameter estimation as a preferred alternative to hypothesis testing in many situations.

Using Known Populations Of Pronghorn To Evaluate Sampling Plans And Estimators, Kathy M. Kraft, Douglas H. Johnson, Jack M. Samuelson, Stephen H. Allen

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Although sampling plans and estimators of abundance have good theoretical properties, their performance in real situations is rarely assessed because true population sizes are unknown. We evaluated widely used sampling plans and estimators of population size on 3 known clustered distributions of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Our criteria were accuracy of the estimate, coverage of 95% confidence intervals, and cost. Sampling plans were combinations of sampling intensities (16, 33, and 50%), sample selection (simple random sampling without replacement, systematic sampling, and probability proportional to size sampling with replacement), and stratification. We paired sampling plans with suitable estimators (simple, ratio, …

A Ten-Year History Of The Demography And Productivity Of An Arctic Wolf Pack, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

A pack of two to eight adult wolves (Canis lupus arctos) and their pups was observed during ten summers (1986–95) on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. The author habituated the wolf pack to his presence in the first summer and reinforced the habituation each summer thereafter. The first alpha female produced four to six pups each year between 1986 and 1989. However, her daughter, who succeeded her as the alpha female, produced only one to three pups each year between 1990 and 1992 and in 1994, and apparently did not whelp in 1993 or in 1995. The tenure …

Modified Transmitter Attachment Method For Adult Ducks, Pamela J. Pietz, David A. Brandt, Gary L. Krapu, Deborah A. Buhl

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The value of radio telemetry for waterfowl research depends on the availability of suitable methods of attaching transmitters. In previous studies, external transmitters attached to adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with sutures and glue did not stay on birds reliably. In an attempt to improve transmitter retention, a method of attachment was tested in which 4-g transmitters were attached mid-dorsally with sutures and with a stainless steel anchor-shaped wire inserted subcutaneously (anchor transmitters). Field tests indicated that all of 26 female Mallards and 63 of 65 female Gadwalls (Anas strepera) retained their anchor transmitters during 4369 bird-days …

Effects Of Climate On Numbers Of Northern Prairie Wetlands, Diane Larson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The amount of water held in individual wetland basins depends not only on local climate patterns but also on groundwater flow regime, soil permeability, and basin size. Most wetland basins in the northern prairies hold water in some years and are dry in others. To assess the potential effect of climate change on the number of wetland basins holding water in a given year, one must first determine how much of the variability in number of wet basins is accounted for by climatic variables. I used multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between climate variables and percentage of wet …

Cluster Analysis Of The Coprolites From Antelope House: Implications For Anasazi Diet And Cuisine, Mark Q. Sutton, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

This paper reports on a cluster analysis of 155 coprolites from Antelope House, a prehistoric Anasazi site in Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. The analysis revealed three primary clusters; whole kernel maize, milled maize, and nonmaize, which we believe to represent seasonal- and preference-related cuisine. Protein residue analysis on a subsample of the specimens added depth to the analysis.

Review Of Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography, Volume I, By Mary Pickering, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The appearance of a comprehensive biography of Auguste Comte (1798-1857) deserves our alert attention if for no other reason than the ubiquitous citations to his foundational work, Cours de philosophie positive, that fortify the footnotes of virtually every introductory textbook in the discipline of sociology. Without the extraordinary work of English sociologist Harriet Martineau (1802-1876), however, Comte's vision of a systematic, lawful science of society would in all probability remain buried in the encyclopedic French in which it was originally written and published. Martineau, in 1853, published her English translation and condensation of Comte's six-volume opus, and it is …

American Terrorism And The Sociological Imagination In 1995: A Sociologist’S Commentary, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

On Wednesday morning, April 19, 1995, a rented truck parked purposefully near the entrance to the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, exploded with extreme force, killing and wounding hundreds of people, including dozens of youngsters in a day care facility. The lethal explosion directly challenged the sovereignty and legitimacy of the United States government. The nation, our television sets reported, was in shock. How could such a terrible event occur in the United States? The television images, so much like frozen frames from a fantastic made-for-TV action-adventure movie, challenged our sensibilities and stung the national consciousness.

Partridges, Quails, Francolins, Snowcosks, And Guineafowl Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan, 1995-1999, Philip J. K. Mcgowan, Simon D. Dowell, John P. Carroll, Nicholas J. Aebischer, Wpa/Birdlife/Iucn-Ssc Partridge, Quail And Francolin Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Executive Summary

This Action Plan covers the world's partridges, quails, francolins, snowcocks and guineafowl, a group of birds from the order Galliformes comprising 141 species according to the most recent taxonomic consideration (Sibley & Monroe 1990), plus one further species newly discovered in 1991 (Dinesen et al. 1994). These birds attract considerable interest throughout the world on account of their importance in ornamental collections, as food sources, as sporting quarry, as indicators of the health of ecosystems and as objects of great beauty. The objectives of this document are to identify the most threatened species and sub-species within this group …

Annual Review Of The World Pheasant Association 1994/1995, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Editor's preface, David Jenkins

President's foreword, Cheng Tso-hsin

Annual report of Council 1994/95

Chapter reports

Pheasant Specialist Group, Peter J. Garson

Habitats used by Elliot's Pheasant in the Leigong Mountain Nature Reserve, Ding Ping, Yang Yuewei, Liang Wei, Jiang Shiren, and Zhuge Yang

Distribution and conservation status of galliforms in the Gaoligongshan Region, Han Lianxian

Pipar report, Rahul Kaul

Partridge, Quail, and Francolin Specialsit Group, Simon D. Dowell

Ecological investigations of Chukar Partridge in northwest China, Liu Naifa

A field project to understand the habitat use of the Swamp Francolin in northern India, Perwez Iqbal, Philip J. K. McGowan, and …

Megapode Newsletter 9(1)-10(1/2) (1995-1998), World Pheasant Association, Birdlife International, Ssc Megapode Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

Megapode Newsletter from May 1995, May 1996, November 1996, and February 1998.

Megapode Newsletter 9(1)-10(1,2),12(1) (1995-1998), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Review Of Vivian Gussin Paley, You Can't Say You Can't Play , Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

You Can't Say You Can't Play recounts a teacher's attempts to undo the habit of exclusion in her kindergarten classroom. In this case, the exclusion that has come to concern her is that which arises when certain children are consistently rejected from entering the other children's play.

Galliform Conservation Assessment: First Review Draft, Philip J. Mcgowan, John P. Carroll, Susie Ellis

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Executive Summary

Two hundred and forty-seven galliform taxa (subspecies, groups, or species) were considered by the Galliform Conservation Assessment workshop. Two extinct taxa were not considered. Of the 247 taxa, 91 (37%) were assigned to one of three categories of threat, based on the Mace-Lande criteria:

Critical, 5 taxa
Endangered, 26 taxa
Vulnerable, 60 taxa
Secure, 145 taxa
Unknown, 11 taxa

Three of the 247 taxa (1%) were recommended for Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) workshops.

Recommendations for future action were made for 168 taxa in the following categories:

Stopping the bird trade, 7 taxa
Intensive management of the …