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9. Metacognition- Subject Index

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

Subject Index (6 pages)

A-Z pp. 335-340.

7. Assessing Metacognition: Implications Of The Buros Symposium, Gregory Schraw

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

This chapter attempts to consolidate the diverse opinions and conclusions included in the previous six chapters of this volume. I have found it easiest to do so in three sections. Section 1 provides a summary the book's main themes. These themes pertain to the need for a more comprehensive theory of metacognition, the disparity between metacognitive theory and measurement, methodological questions about the measurement of metacognitive processes, concerns about poor instrumentation, the generality of the metacognition construct, and issues pertaining to educational practice. Section 2 raises concerns central to the measurement community in general. These concerns include questions about the …

5. Metacognition And Computer-Based Testing, Gregory Schraw, Steven L. Wise, Linda L. Roos

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

Metacognition refers to thinking about thinking, or more generally, to using higher-level knowledge and strategies to regulate lower level performance. Previous research suggests that metacognition is an important part of learning among adults (Baker, 1989; Garner & Alexander, 1989; Pressley & Ghatala, 1990) and children (Alexander, Carr, & Schwanenflugel, 1995; Borkowski & Muthukrishna, 1992). Metacognition contributes to learning in several ways, but especially by helping learners to use their attentional resources more efficiently, to process information at a deeper level, and to monitor their performance more accurately.

Notwithstanding its importance, there is considerable debate regarding how to measure meta cognition. …

2. Assessing Metacognition And Self-Regulated Learning, Paul R. Pintrich, Christopher A. Wolters, Gail P. Baxter

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

In this chapter we provide an overview of the conceptual and methodological issues involved in developing and evaluating measures of metacognition and self-regulated learning. Our goal is to suggest a general framework for thinking about these assessments- a framework that will help generate questions and guide future research and development efforts. Broadly speaking, we see the main issue in assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning as one of construct validity. Of critical importance are the conceptual or theoretical definitions of these constructs and the adequacy of the empirical evidence offered to justify or support interpretations of test scores obtained from instruments …

4. Assessing Metacognitive Knowledge Monitoring, Sigmund Tobias, Howard Everson

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

Metacognition has been defined as the ability to monitor, evaluate, and make plans for one's learning (Flavell, 1979; Brown, 1980). Research has shown that learners with effective metacognitive skills are more capable of making accurate estimates of what they know and do not know, of monitoring and evaluating their on-going learning activities, and of developing plans and selecting strategies for learning new material. A large body of literature, reviewed in the other chapters of this volume, has reported differences in metacognitive abilities between learning disabled and regular students, as well as between generally capable learners and their less able counterparts. …

3. Assessing Metacognition In Children And Adults, Linda Baker, Lorraine C. Cerro

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

It has been about 25 years now since researchers first became interested in the study of metacognition, with the onset of interest marked by the publication of the 1975 metamemory interview study of Kreutzer, Leonard, and Flavell and the seminal theoretical work of John Flavell (1976) and Ann Brown (1978). The early work by developmental psychologists on age-related differences in children's metacognition captured the attention of researchers concerned with individual differences in academic achievement in children as well as adults. Within academic domains, most of the research has been focused on reading and studying (Baker & Brown, 1984; Forrest Pressley …

Issues In The Measurement Of Metacognition--Complete Work, James C. Impara, Linda L. Murphy, Gregory Schraw

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

Issues In The Measurement Of Metacognition- Complete Work

Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement & Testing

346 pages

Survey Of Existing I&R Services And A Nebraska 211 System Cost/Benefit Analysis

University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications

In June, 1999, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (NHHSS) and the United Way of the Midlands requested that the University of Nebraska Public Policy Center coordinate a feasibility study of a statewide Information and Referral (I&R) system for health and human services. Because several I&R systems around the country make use of the 2-1-1 three digit number for I&R information, and there are a number of states investigating reserving 211 for statewide I&R services, this report uses the 211 nomenclature although there has been no state Public Service Commission designation of 211 for this purpose in Nebraska. …

Exposing The ‘Pretty Woman’ Myth: A Qualitative Investigation Of The Lives Of Female Streetwalkers, Rochelle L. Dalla Dr.

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Intensive interviews were conducted with 43 women involved in street-walking prostitution. Data were analyzed according to Phenomenological Descriptive Analysis, results of which are presented in two parts. Detailed accounts of the lives of a subgroup of 5 participants are described first, followed by a broader discussion of results including the entire sample of 43. Themes common across the larger group are presented int three segments, including (a) early development, (b) life in "the game," and (c) leaving the streets. Implications for advocacy and further research are presented.

Leadership In Wolf, Canis Lupus, Packs, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

I examine leadership in Wolf (Callis lupus) packs based on published observations and data gathered during summers from 1986 to 1998 studying a free-ranging pack of Wolves on Ellesmere Island that were habituated to my presence. The breeding male tended to initiate activities associated with foraging and travel, and the breeding female to initiate, and predominate in, pup care and protection. However, there was considerable overlap and interaction during these activities such that leadership could be considered a joint function. In packs with multiple breeders, quantitative information about leadership is needed.

Do Wolves Affect White-Tailed Buck Harvest In Northeastern Minnesota?, L. David Mech, Michael E. Nelson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong relationships (r² = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 …

Partridges, Quails, Francolins, Snowcocks, Guineafowl, And Turkeys Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan, 2000–2004, Richard A. Fuller, John P. Carroll, Philip J. K. Mcgowan, Wpa/Birdlife/Iuch-Ssc Partridge, Quail And Francolin Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Executive Summary

This Action Plan covers the partridges, quails, francolins, snowcocks, guineafowl, and turkeys, a group of nearly 150 ground-dwelling gamebirds found in every continent apart from Antarctica. They live in a wide variety of habitats from tropical forests, high-altitude alpine zones, temperate forests, and open country of various kinds, to desert environments. Although they are very widespread, little is known about the species occurring outside Europe and North America. Several species are considered to be at grave risk of extinction, while others are so poorly known that it is difficult to evaluate their conservation needs. In 1995, the first …

Spring-Staging Ecology Of Waterfowl In Nebraska — Then Versus Now, Robert R. Cox Jr.

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Spring snow storms can influence migration chronology and nutrient-reserve dynamics of waterfowl in Nebraska.
For centuries, the Rainwater Basin and Platte River Valley of central Nebraska have attracted millions of migrating waterfowl during spring. While in this region, females begin to accumulate fat and protein reserves needed for egg-laying and for recruitment of young.

Curassows, Guans And Chachalacas: Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan For Cracids 2000–2004 (With Spanish And Portuguese Translations), Daniel M. Brooks, Stuart D. Strahl

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Cracids (curassows, guans and chachalacas) are the most threatened family of Neotropical birds, occurring in south Texas, Trinidad and Tobago, and all Latin American mainland countries except Chile. They are a primitive, ancestral family of gamebirds (Galliformes) that play an important role in the regeneration of tropical forests through seed dispersal and predation, yet half of all species are threatened by habitat destruction and hunting. The three most critically endangered species are the horned guan, Alagoas curassow, and Trinidad piping-guan, while the four most critically endangered subspecies are three subspecies of the helmeted curassow and the northeastern bare-faced curassow.

Cracids …

Agroforestry In The United States: Research And Technology Transfer Needs For The Next Millennium

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

If society's needs and aspirations for forestderived goods, services, and amenities truely are to be met, we must find ways of augmenting traditional forestry by gleaning some portion of these benefits from agricultural lands. For example: windbreaks, riparian forest buffers, hybrid poplar trees, farm woodlots, and grazing/timber systems.

Catalog Design, Catalog Maintenance, Catalog Governance, Mary K. Bolin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

The design of library catalogs and the maintenance of their contents equals catalog governance, that is, professional responsibility for the catalog. The design of library catalogs and their contents are an example of the standards that are the hallmark of modern librarianship. Although design and maintenance standards have always had an array of participants, in recent years the participants in catalog design and maintenance have become more numerous and varied, and therefore its governance has become more diffuse. Although the card catalog had a standard form in which design and maintenance were linked, that is not true of today’s OPAC …

Assessing Factors That May Predispose Minnesota Farms To Wolf Depredations On Cattle, L. David Mech, Elizabeth K. Harper, Thomas J. Meier, William J. Paul

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock cause considerable conflict and expense in Minnesota. Furthermore, claims are made that such depredations are fostered by the type of animal husbandry practiced. Thus, we tried to detect factors that might predispose farms in Minnesota to wolf depredations. We compared results of interviews with 41 cattle farmers experiencing chronic cattle losses to wolves (chronic farms) with results from 41 nearby "matched" farms with no wolf losses to determine farm characteristics or husbandry practices that differed and that therefore might have affected wolf depredations. We also used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to …

Human Trafficking: A Growing Criminal Market In The U.S., James O. Finckenauer, Jennifer Schrock

Human Trafficking: Data and Documents

Human trafficking has become a lucrative criminal market in the United States. The commodities involved in this illicit trade are men, women, and children. Traffickers transport undocumented migrants into the U.S. for work in licit, semi-illicit and illicit industries. The traffickers' foremost goal is to maximize profits -- often resulting in physical and mental exploitation of the victims. The sale and distribution of trafficked humans in the U.S. is a global, regional, and national phenomenon. Women and children are trafficked short distances within the U.S. (small towns to bigger cities), as well as coming from as far away as China, …

Response To Critique Of The Claim Of Cannibalism At Cowboy Wash, Patricia M. Lambert, Banks L. Leonard, Brian R. Billman, Richard A. Marlar, Margaret E. Newman, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The original authors of Billman et af. (2000) are joined by three other analysts from the Cowboy Wash research team to respond to the critique of this article by Dongoske et af. (2000). Dongoske and his coauthors state that Billman et af. (2000) failed to test alternative hypotheses or to consider alternative explanations for the findings at 5MTJOOJO and similar sites. The original authors point out that alternative hypotheses were examined and rejected, leaving a violent episode of cannibalism as the most plausible explanation for the remains found at 5MTJOOJO. Dongoske et af. also question many aspects of the osteological, …

Birth Order, Sibling Investment, And Fertility Among Ju/’Hoansi (!Kung), Patricia Draper, Raymond Hames

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Birth order has been examined over a wide variety of dimensions in the context of modern populations. A consistent message has been that it is better to be born first. The analysis of birth order in this paper is different in several ways from other investigations into birth order effects. First, we examine the effect of birth order in an egalitarian, small-scale, kin-based society, which has not been done before. Second, we use a different outcome measure, fertility, rather than outcome measures of social, psychological, or economic success. We find, third, that being born late in an egalitarian, technologically simple …

Proposal For Core Level Map Cataloging: Brief Records May Be Best, Sue Ann Gardner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

Describes a way to minimize the time needed to catalog maps using AACR2 and the MARC format.

Retailing In Rural Nebraska: Buying Locally And Electronically, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

Quality of Life of Rural Nebraskans: 1996 - 2000

Quality Of Life Of Rural Nebraskans: 1996 - 2000, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

Rural Nebraska Tomorrow: The Gap Between the Preferred and Expected Future

Nebraska’S Rural Communities: Current Views And Strategies For The Future, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

The Charm and Challenges of Living in Nebraska’s Rural Communities

Agriculture In Nebraska: Perceptions On Policy Alternatives, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

Educational Quality and County Government Services: Rural Nebraskans' Perceived Impacts of Recent and Proposed Legislation

6. Development Of Grounded Theories Of Complex Cognitive Processing: Exhaustive Withinand Between-Study Analyses Of Think-Aloud Data, Michael Pressley

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

I am going to begin with claims that may seem heretical at the Buros Institute, the host for this symposium: Much can be understood about cognition and its metacognitive regulation through qualitative analysis. Qualitative analyses of complex cognitive and metacognitive processes makes a great deal of sense before even attempting quantitative analyses of those processes. In particular, I am going to explain here the advances made by my associates and me in understanding skilled reading using the method of constant comparison, a qualitative approach for developing what Strauss and Corbin (1990) refer to as grounded theories. If that does not …

8. Metacognition- Author Index

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

Author Index (12 pages)

A-Z pp. 323-334

New York Is Not Arkansas, Seth H. Giertz

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

When she declared her candidacy for the U. S. Senate from New York, First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, as expected, promised to fight for an ever larger federal government—in part by expanding programs targeting children and the poor and opposing Republican tax cuts. But, Mrs. Clinton also drew attention to another issue when she declared: “It is just wrong that today New York sends $15 billion more in taxes each year to Washington than New York gets back.” Mrs. Clinton must believe that the net return of federal tax dollars to New Yorkers is unrelated to the size of the …

Megapodes Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan, 2000-2004, René W. R. J. Dekker, Richard A. Fuller, Gilliam C. Baker, World Pheasant Association, Birdlife International, Iucn-Ssc Megapode Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Executive Summary

This Action Plan covers the megapodes, a group of Australasian ground-dwelling birds comprising 22 species found from the Nicobar Islands in the west, through Indonesia, the Philippines, and Australia, to Polynesia in the east. Their habit of nesting on or near beaches, often on small islands, makes them vulnerable to disturbance and egg collecting, and several species are greatly threatened. In 1995, the first Action Plan for the conservation of these species was published and this document provides an update on the current situation. The objectives of this document are to identify the most threatened species within this …

Issues In The Measurement Of Metacognition- Contents, James C. Impara, Linda Murphy, Gregory Schraw

Issues in the Measurement of Metacognition

Contents

1. A Process-Oriented Model of Metacognition: Links Between Motivation and Executive Functioning
John G. Borkowski, Lorna K. S. Chan, and Nithi Muthukrishna...........................1

2. Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning
Paul R. Pintrich, Christopher A. Wolters, and Gail P. Baxter.........................43

3. Assessing Metacognition in Children and Adults
Linda Baker and Lorraine C. Cerro............................................................99

4. Assessing Metacognitive Knowledge Monitoring
Sigmund Tobias and Howard Everson.......................................................147

5. Metacognition and Computer-Based Testing
Gregory Schraw, Steven L. Wise, and Linda L. Roos................................223

6. Development of Grounded Theories of Complex Cognitive Processing: Exhaustive Within- and Between Study Analyses of Think-Aloud Data
Michael …