Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Determinants Of Earnings: Skills, Preferences, And Schooling, Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis, Melissa Osborne

Economics Department Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

The Nexus I Case, Kenneth D. Pimple

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

No abstract provided.

The Cynthia Lee Case, Kenneth D. Pimple

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

No abstract provided.

The Allan Mathers Case, Kenneth D. Pimple

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

No abstract provided.

Harmonic Serialism And Parallelism, John J. Mccarthy

Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series

The most familiar architecture for Optimality Theory is a fully parallel one, meaning that "all possible ultimate outputs are contemplated at once" (Prince and Smolensky 1993: 79). But Prince and Smolensky also briefly entertain a serial architecture for OT, called Harmonic Serialism. The idea is that Gen Eval iterates, sending the output of Eval back into Gen as a new input. This loop continues until the derivation converges (i.e., until Eval returns the same form as the input to Gen). There are clear resemblances between this approach and theories based on notions like derivational economy (e.g., Chomsky 1995). There is …

The Prosody Of Phrase In Rotuman, John J. Mccarthy

Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series

The "phase" alternation in Rotuman is remarkable (and has attracted a good deal of previous attention) for two reasons. First, the shape differences between phases are quite diverse, involving resyllabification, deletion, umlaut, and metathesis. Second, the phase alternation produces prosodic structures that are otherwise unattested in this language, replacing simple (C)V syllables with closed and diphthongal ones. In this article, I argue that Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) helps to make sense of both these observations. I also go on to use these results to support some claims about the nature of templates and prosodic circumscription in the theory …

Incentives And Equity Under Standards-Based Reform, Julian R. Betts, Robert M. Costrell

Economics Department Working Paper Series

The paper considers theoretical and empirical evidence on the impact of standards-based school reform. Our theoretical synthesis distinguishes between sorting and incentive effects of high standards, and spells out the potential tradeoffs and complementarities between enhancing efficiency and equity in student achievement. Differentiated credentials can be helpful in ameliorating tradeoffs, provided that distinct signals are clearly understood, especially between cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The paper reviews trends in state-level school accountability systems, and examines empirical evidence on the impact of increased standards and expectations on student achievement. Finally, the paper reviews some of the practical challenges facing the standards movement.

Harmonic Serialism And Parallelism, John J. Mcarthy

Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series

No abstract provided.

Faithfulness And Prosodic Circumscription, John J. Mccarthy

Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series

Morphological processes are often sensitive to the prosodic structure of their inputs. Phenomena like these have been analyzed under the rubric of operational Prosodic Circumscription by McCarthy & Prince 1990.

This article re-examines certain of the principal cases supporting positive prosodic circumscription, arguing that they can be better explained as effects of prosodic faithfulness within Optimality Theory using Correspondence. Two main types of circumscription-as-faithfulness are discussed: (i) Circumscriptional effects emerging from faithfulness to the edges or heads of prosodic constituents (Yidiny, Rotuman, Cupeño, Berber). (ii) Circumscriptional effects emerging from faithfulness to moras and mora-segment associations (Arabic broken plural).

Circumscription-as-faithfulness complements …

Threat Effects And The Impact Of Capital Mobility On Wages And Public Finances: Developing A Research Agenda, Gerald Epstein

PERI Working Papers

The impact of increased openness to trade, financial flows and foreign direct investment on the distribution of costs and benefits from globalization remains a controversial and poorly understood subject, despite an enormous amount of research undertaken by economists and other social scientists in recent years.(See, Baker, Epstein, Pollin, 1998; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995 for recent discussions of many of these issues). Among the most important and most studied issues is the impact of globalization on inequality and the related issue of the impact of globalization on the roles governments choose to play and on their ability to achieve their …

The Evolution Of Strong Reciprocity, Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis

Economics Department Working Paper Series

A number of outstanding puzzles in economics may be resolved by recognizing that where members of a group benefit from mutual adherence to a social norm, agents may obey the norm and punish its violators, even when this behavior cannot be motivated by self-regarding, outcome-oriented preferences. This behavior, which we call strong reciprocity, is a form of altruism in that it benefits others at the expense of the individual exhibiting it. While economists have doubted the evolutionary viability of altruistic preferences, we show that strong reciprocity can invade a population of non-reciprocators and can be sustained in a stable population …