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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Food Insecurity Is A Common Problem For Military Service Members And Their Families, Colleen Heflin, Gabriella Alphonso Jan 2023

Food Insecurity Is A Common Problem For Military Service Members And Their Families, Colleen Heflin, Gabriella Alphonso

Population Health Research Brief Series

Food insecurity has negative effects on military service members and their families, including their work performance, professional success, and health and wellness. A recent memorandum released by the U.S. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness shows that in 2020, nearly 1 in 4 U.S. active-duty service members experienced food insecurity and that participation in benefits such as the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) is low. This brief summarizes the key findings from the memorandum and discusses what can be done to improve food security among active-duty military members and their families.

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How Did Covid-19 School Closures Affect Adolescents With Adhd?, Nandini Jhawar, Ashley Schiros, Andrew S. London, Kevin Antshel Jan 2023

How Did Covid-19 School Closures Affect Adolescents With Adhd?, Nandini Jhawar, Ashley Schiros, Andrew S. London, Kevin Antshel

Population Health Research Brief Series

COVID-19 school closures drastically affected school-aged youth and their parents, with greater challenges among youth with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This brief summarizes results from a recent study examining the risks, protective factors, and family processes that shaped well-being among adolescents during COVID-19-related school closures. Findings show that adolescents with ADHD were more likely to experience negative consequences from school closures, including difficulty adjusting to online learning, reduced socialization, and increased mental distress. However, youth and families also experienced some benefits, including increased family reconnection and reduced school-related anxiety.

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Racial Disparities In School Poverty And Spending: Examining Allocations Within And Across Districts, Robert Bifulco, Sarah Souders Jan 2023

Racial Disparities In School Poverty And Spending: Examining Allocations Within And Across Districts, Robert Bifulco, Sarah Souders

Center for Policy Research

Using recently available school-level finance data, we compare exposure to low-income classmates and average per pupil spending for black, Hispanic, and white students. Using within metropolitan area comparisons, we find that the typical black and Hispanic students attend schools with much higher proportions of low-income students than the typical white student, and that per pupil spending in the typical black and Hispanic students’ schools is higher than in the typical white student’s school. Drawing on estimates of the additional spending required to provide low-income students equal educational opportunity, we find that it is unlikely that the additional spending in schools …

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Virus Outbreaks And International Scienti C Collaboration: A Quantitative Analysis Of Nih Genbank Metadata (1992-2018), Will Devitt, Sarah Bratt, Jian Qin, Jeff Hemsley Jan 2023

Virus Outbreaks And International Scienti C Collaboration: A Quantitative Analysis Of Nih Genbank Metadata (1992-2018), Will Devitt, Sarah Bratt, Jian Qin, Jeff Hemsley

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Countries around the world su er from outbreaks of viral diseases. These outbreaks are worsened by socio-economic inequality, both nationally and internationally. To combat these outbreaks, scientific research is conducted. Our paper analyzes the NIH GenBank virus research network (a net record of virus research from 1992-2018) to discover viral outbreaks and ask how the network responded in the event of these outbreaks, with interest in the changes in collaboration between research teams, increased activity, and when + where this activity occurred with the objective of examining the equity of the international response to public health events. We conclude that …

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Newhouse Impact Magazine 2023, Newhouse School Jan 2023

Newhouse Impact Magazine 2023, Newhouse School

Newhouse Impact Magazine

Showcasing the research and creative work of faculty, staff and students at the Newhouse School

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Deadly Disease And The Collective Adoption Of International Environmental Agreements, Vivian Ike Jan 2023

Deadly Disease And The Collective Adoption Of International Environmental Agreements, Vivian Ike

International Relations - All Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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The Daily Patterns Of Emergency Medical Events, Mary Elizabeth Helander, Margaret K. Formica, Dessa K. Bergen-Cico Jan 2023

The Daily Patterns Of Emergency Medical Events, Mary Elizabeth Helander, Margaret K. Formica, Dessa K. Bergen-Cico

Social Science - All Scholarship

This study examines population level daily patterns of time-stamped emergency medical service (EMS) dispatches to establish their situational predictability. Using visualization, sinusoidal regression, and statistical tests to compare empirical cumulative distributions, we analyzed 311,848,450 emergency medical call records from the U.S. National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) for years 2010 through 2022. The analysis revealed a robust daily pattern in the hourly distribution of distress calls across 33 major categories of medical emergency dispatch types. Sinusoidal regression coefficients for all types were statistically significant, mostly at the p < 0.0001 level. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) ranged from 0.84 and 0.99 for all models, with most falling in the 0.94 to 0.99 range. The common sinusoidal pattern, peaking in mid-afternoon, demonstrates that all major categories of medical emergency dispatch types appear to be influenced by an underlying daily rhythm that is aligned with daylight hours and common sleep/wake cycles. A comparison of results with previous landmark studies revealed new and contrasting EMS patterns for several long-established peak occurrence hours--specifically for chest pain, heart problems, stroke, convulsions and seizures, and sudden cardiac arrest/death. Upon closer examination, we also found that heart attacks, diagnosed by paramedics in the field via 12-lead cardiac monitoring, followed the identified common daily pattern of a mid-afternoon peak, departing from prior generally accepted morning tendencies. Extended analysis revealed that the normative pattern prevailed across the NEMSIS data when re-organized to consider monthly, seasonal, daylight-savings vs civil time, and pre-/post- COVID-19 periods. The predictable daily EMS patterns provide impetus for more research that links daily variation with causal risk and protective factors. Our methods are straightforward and presented with detail to provide accessible and replicable implementation for researchers and practitioners.

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America And Hope In The Time Of Fentanyl And Meth: A Fireside Chat With Sam Quinones, Sam Quinones Jan 2023

America And Hope In The Time Of Fentanyl And Meth: A Fireside Chat With Sam Quinones, Sam Quinones

Center for Policy Research

For the 34th Annual Herbert Lourie Memorial Lecture on Health Policy, Sam Quinones sat down with Dr. Shannon Monnat for a fireside chat. He discussed how the drug-trafficking world has changed over the last twenty years, the rise of fentanyl and methamphetamine in the U.S., how drug use in the U.S. reflects American society, and what kind of policies will help with this epidemic.

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Cybercrime Risk In The Military Community: What Do We Know?, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Jan 2023

Cybercrime Risk In The Military Community: What Do We Know?, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

In 2021 alone, military consumers reported losing over $267 million to fraud. This report provides an overview of what is known, and not known, about cybercrime and fraud and subsequent impacts on military members and their families. This report examines why military-connected persons might be more vulnerable or more often targeted by scammers, including reasons such as frequent moves or benefits that require frequent disclosures of personal information. This report highlights the need for more information and makes recommendations for cybersecurity policy.

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The Employment Situation Of Veterans: December 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Jan 2023

The Employment Situation Of Veterans: December 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during December 2022

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Research Review: "Food Insecurity Among Veterans Examining The Discrepancy Between Veteran Food Insecurity And Use Of The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap)", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Jan 2023

Research Review: "Food Insecurity Among Veterans Examining The Discrepancy Between Veteran Food Insecurity And Use Of The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap)", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This research review addresses food insecurity among veterans, linking it to adverse health outcomes and increased suicide risk. Despite routine screenings by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, food-insecure veterans have lower enrollment in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) than nonveterans. The research examines nuanced reasons for veterans' SNAP participation, highlighting disparities in initiation, termination, and benefit utilization patterns. Older veterans and those with disabilities are identified as underserved groups, emphasizing the need to improve SNAP accessibility for them. The findings also stress the importance of early interventions to support at-risk service members. This IVMF review also provides valuable …

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Research Review: "Risk Factors Explaining Military Deaths From Suicide, 2008-2017: A Latent Class Analysis", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Jan 2023

Research Review: "Risk Factors Explaining Military Deaths From Suicide, 2008-2017: A Latent Class Analysis", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This research review is an analysis of a study of 2,660 military suicides from 2008 to 2017 identified relationship dissolution as the most prevalent risk factor, often combined with mental health issues, job problems, or combat experience. The research underscores the need for comprehensive suicide prevention strategies that address both individual and relationship-related factors. Future research should explore the interplay of risk factors, the effectiveness of relationship-based interventions, and improved data collection for better prevention.

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Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using Ε- Contamination: An Application To Crop Yields And Climate Change, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix Dec 2022

Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using Ε- Contamination: An Application To Crop Yields And Climate Change, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix

Center for Policy Research

This paper extends the Baltagi et al. (2018, 2021) static and dynamic ε-contamination papers to dynamic space-time models. We investigate the robustness of Bayesian panel data models to possible misspecification of the prior distribution. The proposed robust Bayesian approach de-parts from the standard Bayesian framework in two ways. First, we consider the ε-contamination class of prior distributions for the model parameters as well as for the individual effects. Second, both the base elicited priors and the ε-contamination priors use Zellner (1986)’s g-priors for the variance-covariance matrices. We propose a general “toolbox” for a wide range of specifications which includes the …

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The Fiscal Sustainability Of Retiree Health Care Benefits Among New York State School Districts, Robert Bifulco, Minch Lewis, Iuliia Shybalkina Dec 2022

The Fiscal Sustainability Of Retiree Health Care Benefits Among New York State School Districts, Robert Bifulco, Minch Lewis, Iuliia Shybalkina

Center for Policy Research

We examine spending on retiree health care as a percentage of revenues for a sample of New York State school districts. The fiscal burden of these benefits grew from 2010 to 2021, and big city school districts have faced the largest burdens. Assuming CBO forecasts regarding growth in health care costs and continuation of recent trends in revenue growth, we project that the burden of retiree health care benefits will exceed 10 percent of revenue by 2050. Projected burdens are greatest big city and high need rural districts. We discuss cutting benefits and pre-funding as possible policy responses.

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“Model Minorities” In The Classroom? Positive Evaluation Bias Towards Asian Students And Its Consequences, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu Dec 2022

“Model Minorities” In The Classroom? Positive Evaluation Bias Towards Asian Students And Its Consequences, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu

Center for Policy Research

The fast-growing demographic group of Asian Americans is often perceived as a “model minority.” This paper establishes empirical evidence of this stereotype in the context of education and then analyzes its consequences. We show that teachers rate Asian students’ academic skills more favorably than observationally similar White students in the same class, even after accounting for test performance and behavior. This contrasts with teachers’ lower likelihood of favoring Black and Hispanic students. Notably, teachers respond to the presence of any Asian student in the classroom by exacerbating Black-White and Hispanic-White assessment gaps. This suggests that the “model minority” stereotype can …

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The U.S. Supreme Court And Democratic Backsliding, Thomas Keck Dec 2022

The U.S. Supreme Court And Democratic Backsliding, Thomas Keck

Political Science - All Scholarship

This paper assesses the performance of the Supreme Court as democratic guardrail during five prior periods of democratic crisis in the United States. It finds that most such periods witnessed efforts by the governing regime to entrench themselves in power, and that the Court has rarely provided an effective check on such democratic abuses. Rather than serving as a reliable democratic guardrail, the Court has regularly exercised what Dixon and Landau call “weak-form abusive judicial review”; that is, it has declined to check attacks on democracy emerging from other centers of power. On one occasion, the Court has undermined democracy …

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Leveraging System Context To Understand Collaborative Systems In Modern Public Management, Catherine Annis Dec 2022

Leveraging System Context To Understand Collaborative Systems In Modern Public Management, Catherine Annis

Dissertations - ALL

Complex and boundary-spanning problems like overpopulation, hunger, pandemics, homelessness, and environmental degradation occur more frequently now than ever (Bynander & Nohrstedt, 2019; Criado & Guevara-Gómez, 2021; Huang, 2020; Kapucu, 2015; Getha-Taylor, 2007; Jayasinghe et al., 2022). Policymakers increasingly address these challenges through interorganizational collaboration (Isett et al., 2011). Countries worldwide now use collaborative governance to respond to such wicked problems (Jayasinghe et al., 2022; Huang, 2020; Megawati et al., 2020). Despite growing in popularity, gaps remain in understanding collaborative governance at scale. In this dissertation, I present research on the interconnected nature of collaborative governance initiatives in the United States …

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Weaving Subjects At The Obraje De Chincheros: Indigenous Contributions To The Colonial Aesthetic, Maria Smith Dec 2022

Weaving Subjects At The Obraje De Chincheros: Indigenous Contributions To The Colonial Aesthetic, Maria Smith

Dissertations - ALL

This dissertation highlights the contributions that colonial textile producers at the colonial textile mill, the Obraje de Chincheros (c. 1570-1820), influenced the colonial Peruvian aesthetic. Peruvian weavers were seen as superior weavers at the time of the Spanish invasion and obrajes were established to salvage this skill while they were simultaneously subjected to colonial control strategies. At the Obraje, rural indigenous and mestizo textile producers were disciplined into the colonial hierarchy via their labor and conversion to Catholicism. At the same time, the Obraje workforce, largely women and children, shaped the colonial aesthetic via their labor. It was their laborial …

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Evaluating Evidence Of Episodic Tendencies During Semantic Fluency, Rebecca Anne Wilder Dec 2022

Evaluating Evidence Of Episodic Tendencies During Semantic Fluency, Rebecca Anne Wilder

Theses - ALL

While semantic organization has been widely observed in episodic memory tasks, episodic organization has yet to be observed in the semantic fluency task, due to structural differences between test paradigms. Episodic memory effects require an opportunity for target information to first be learned and later retrieved. Semantic fluency tasks, which are designed to measure retrieval capacity for facts, are typically limited to a single test-phase format. In semantic fluency tasks, participants are presented with a semantic retrieval cues (i.e. category prompts) and asked to list as many items as they can think of that fit the classification. The repeated fluency …

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“Envisioning Digital Sanctuaries”: An Exploration Of Virtual Collectives For Nurturing Professional Development Of Women In Technical Domains, Subhasree Sengupta Dec 2022

“Envisioning Digital Sanctuaries”: An Exploration Of Virtual Collectives For Nurturing Professional Development Of Women In Technical Domains, Subhasree Sengupta

Dissertations - ALL

Work and learning are essential facets of our existence, yet sociocultural barriers have historically limited access and opportunity for women in multiple contexts, including their professional pursuits. Such sociocultural barriers are particularly pronounced in technical domains and have relegated minoritized voices to the margins. As a result of these barriers, those affected have suffered strife, turmoil, and subjugation. Hence, it is important to investigate how women can subvert such structural limitations and find channels through which they can seek support and guidance to navigate their careers. With the proliferation of modern communication infrastructure, virtual forums of conversation such as Reddit …

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Mothers Of Disabled Children Faced Numerous Challenges During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Amy Lutz, Sujung (Crystal) Lee, Baurzhan Bokayev Dec 2022

Mothers Of Disabled Children Faced Numerous Challenges During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Amy Lutz, Sujung (Crystal) Lee, Baurzhan Bokayev

Population Health Research Brief Series

The COVID-19 pandemic changed life dramatically for most families, but particularly for families with a disabled child. Mothers of disabled children faced increased difficulties during the early months of COVID-19 compared to other families. Reduction in services, school closures, and managing paid work drastically impacted caregivers’ mental health. This brief summarizes results from a recent study on the challenges mothers of disabled children faced during the COVID-19 pandemic during the Spring of 2020 in Central New York.

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Minority Rights, Governing Regimes, Or Secular Elites: Who Benefits From The Protection Of Religious And Anti-Religious Speech By The U.S. Supreme Court And European Court Of Human Rights?, Thomas Keck, Nathan T. Carrington, Claire Sigsworth Dec 2022

Minority Rights, Governing Regimes, Or Secular Elites: Who Benefits From The Protection Of Religious And Anti-Religious Speech By The U.S. Supreme Court And European Court Of Human Rights?, Thomas Keck, Nathan T. Carrington, Claire Sigsworth

Political Science - All Scholarship

This paper draws on new data regarding judicial decisions involving religious and anti-religious expression to map the political beneficiaries of judicial empowerment. In particular, the paper assesses the extent to which free expression decisions issued by the U.S. Supreme Court and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) have favored claimants who are religious majorities, religious minorities, or secular elites. We find the U.S. doctrine relatively more libertarian and the ECtHR doctrine relatively more secularist, but that both bodies of case law extend regular and substantial rights protection to religious minorities.

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Teachers’ Perceptions Of Students’ Writing Skills: An Examination Of The Agreement Between Teachers’ Judgments And Curriculum-Based Measurement In Written Expression, Emily Ann Watts Dec 2022

Teachers’ Perceptions Of Students’ Writing Skills: An Examination Of The Agreement Between Teachers’ Judgments And Curriculum-Based Measurement In Written Expression, Emily Ann Watts

Theses - ALL

Nearly 75% of students in the United States of America are not meeting grade-level standards in the area of writing (NCES, 2012; Persky et al., 2003), despite this skill impacting students’ performances in other academic areas (Ray et al., 2016), and limiting students’ access to higher education (Addison & McGee, 2010), and opportunities for jobs in the adult workforce (National Commission on Writing, 2005). Because difficulties with early writing skills are associated with later writing skills deficits (Juel, 1988), it is crucial that educators accurately identify students in need of additional support in order to provide them with appropriate instruction. …

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Combating Social Isolation And Loneliness Among Veterans After Separation From Military Service, Emily Graham Dec 2022

Combating Social Isolation And Loneliness Among Veterans After Separation From Military Service, Emily Graham

Population Health Research Brief Series

Half of U.S. veterans report feeling like they don’t belong in society after separation from military service. Lack of belonging is often associated with feeling socially isolated or lonely. These feelings may increase the risk of veterans experiencing poor mental and physical health outcomes. This brief explores the negative impacts of social isolation and loneliness on veteran health and wellbeing. It calls for expanded veterans programing that connects veterans to each other while mimicking the values veterans miss about military life, including camaraderie, identity, purpose, physical activity, and learning.

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The Associations Between Paternal Depressive Symptoms And Children’S Behavior Outcomes Via Intimate Partner Violence And Paternal Rejection In Kenyan Families, Dickson Mukara Matsantsa Ong'ayi Dec 2022

The Associations Between Paternal Depressive Symptoms And Children’S Behavior Outcomes Via Intimate Partner Violence And Paternal Rejection In Kenyan Families, Dickson Mukara Matsantsa Ong'ayi

Dissertations - ALL

High rates of depressive symptoms and intimate partner violence in Kenya place children at risk for behavioral difficulties well beyond the preschool years. This study examined (a) whether paternal depressive symptoms, psychological and physical intimate partner violence, and rejection were associated with children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors above maternal risk factors, and (b) whether psychological and physical intimate partner violence and paternal/maternal rejection mediated the associations between depressive symptoms and children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors differently for mothers and fathers. Propositions within the developmental psychopathology framework and interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory guided the formulation of the research questions and hypotheses. A …

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Estimating Households' Expenditures On Disability In Africa: The Uses And Limitations Of The Standard Of Living Method, Nanette Goodman, Daniel Mont, Zachary Morris, Mercoledi Nasiir Dec 2022

Estimating Households' Expenditures On Disability In Africa: The Uses And Limitations Of The Standard Of Living Method, Nanette Goodman, Daniel Mont, Zachary Morris, Mercoledi Nasiir

The Lender Center for Social Justice

This paper applies the Standard of Living method to estimate disability-related expenditures in African households. It highlights both its usefulness and methodological limitations in resource-constrained contexts.

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The Employment Situation Of Veterans: November 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Dec 2022

The Employment Situation Of Veterans: November 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during November 2022

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“You Can't Self-Care Your Way Out Of A Broken System”: The 2022 Urban Libraries Trauma Forum, Leah T. Dudak, Lauren Comito, Christian Zabriskie Nov 2022

“You Can't Self-Care Your Way Out Of A Broken System”: The 2022 Urban Libraries Trauma Forum, Leah T. Dudak, Lauren Comito, Christian Zabriskie

School of Information Studies - Post-doc and Student Scholarship

The Urban Libraries Trauma Study (ULTS) conducted by Urban Librarians Unite (ULU) examines trauma that urban public library workers experience in the workforce through their work with the public and interlibrary relationships. Drawing on interviews, focus groups, and a trauma forum, this paper discusses the problem of trauma in the library. It demonstrates a grounded way to engage library staff in research and change. Finally, this paper concludes with ideas proposed by the forum participants to begin addressing trauma in the library workplace and provide areas to look to going forward.

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How Has Grandparenthood Changed In Rural China?, Merril D. Silverstein Nov 2022

How Has Grandparenthood Changed In Rural China?, Merril D. Silverstein

Population Health Research Brief Series

China’s rapid modernization and development have led to changes across Chinese society, including within the family. China is experiencing declining birth rates, meaning that fewer older adults are becoming grandparents. At the same time, there has been growing demand for grandparents to serve as caregivers for their grandchildren. This data slice examines the changes in grandparenting in rural China and calls for policies that decrease caregiver burnout, stress, and associated poor health outcomes.

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Critical Information Literacy: An Annotated Bibliography, John Stawarz Nov 2022

Critical Information Literacy: An Annotated Bibliography, John Stawarz

Librarian Publications

No abstract provided.

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