Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Gender And Legitimacy In United Nations Mediation, Catriona Standfield

Dissertations - ALL

In 2000, the United Nations (UN) adopted Resolution 1325, the foundation of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda. It aims to make peace and security more gender-sensitive and inclusive. Scholars have examined the implementation of the WPS Agenda in peacebuilding and peacekeeping; however, mediation, particularly UN-brokered peace processes, remains under-researched. Nineteen years on, progress is inconsistent. Numbers of women have increased in negotiations, but they remain a minority. While the UN has guidelines on gender in mediation, peace processes do not consider gender issues systematically. This project considers the problem of how the UN has institutionalized the WPS Agenda …

Beyond The Rubicon: Command And Control In Regional Nuclear Powers, Giles David Arceneaux

Dissertations - ALL

What factors explain the origins of command and control systems in emerging nuclear powers? Why do some states implement robust administrative, physical, and technical controls over their nuclear arsenals, while others limit safeguards against nuclear use?

The nature of a state’s nuclear command and control systems underpin the deterrent capacity of a state’s nuclear arsenal, determine the likelihood of accidental or unauthorized nuclear use, and affect the likelihood of conventional conflict escalating across the nuclear threshold. Despite the importance of command and control systems for nuclear stability and security, however, detailed analysis on the sources of nuclear command and control …

Countering Anti-Vaccination Rumors On Twitter, Ji Won Kim

Dissertations - ALL

This study examined the effects of the counter-rumor on changes in the belief about the anti-vaccination claim, anxiety associated with the rumor, intentions to vaccinate a child and share the rumor. Particularly, we tested whether argument strength, source expertise, as well as the recipient’s previously held attitude toward vaccination, could affect these outcomes. First, the pilot tests were conducted to check source expertise (N = 161) and argument strength (N = 74; N = 73) and select sources and messages used in the experiment. A 2 (argument strength: strong vs. weak) x 2 (expertise source: high vs. low) between-subjects factor …

Nunavut, A Creation Story. The Inuit Movement In Canada's Newest Territory, Holly Ann Dobbins

Dissertations - ALL

This is a qualitative study of the 30-year land claim negotiation process (1963-1993) through which the Inuit of Nunavut transformed themselves from being a marginalized population with few recognized rights in Canada to becoming the overwhelmingly dominant voice in a territorial government, with strong rights over their own lands and waters. In this study I view this negotiation process and all of the activities that supported it as part of a larger Inuit Movement and argue that it meets the criteria for a social movement. This study bridges several social sciences disciplines, including newly emerging areas of study in social …

Vicarious Racial Discrimination, Racial Identity, And Alcohol-Related Outcomes Among Black Young Adults: An Experimental Approach, Jessica Mae Desalu

Dissertations - ALL

Personal experiences of racial discrimination have been well investigated for its association with diverse alcohol-related outcomes among Black Americans. However, vicarious racial discrimination (i.e., the observation of others’ experience of racial discrimination) has yet to be examined for its alcohol-related outcomes. The extent to which vicarious discrimination experiences influence alcohol outcomes may differ by three components of racial identity: centrality (significance of being Black), private regard (personal evaluative judgments of being Black), and public regard (beliefs about others’ evaluative judgments of Blacks). The current within-subject experiment examined whether associations of vicarious racial discrimination (manipulated by video clips) with alcohol use …

Examining The Classification Accuracy Of The Social, Academic, Emotional Behavior Risk Screener And Its Relationship With Writing Performance, Narmene Hamsho

Dissertations - ALL

This study examined the relationship between two school-wide screening measures, one examining classroom behaviors (the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener; SAEBRS; Kilgus, Chafouleas, & Riley-Tillman, 2013) and another evaluating writing fluency (Curriculum-Based Measurement in Written Expression; CBM-WE). This study also evaluated the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the SAEBRS and CBM-WE for identifying students at-risk for writing achievement deficits. A convenience sample of 147 third-grade general education students across two schools, who were determined to not have any significant impairment impacting their writing performance, participated in this study. The index tests (i.e., SAEBRS, CBM-WE) …

Valuing Vacancy: Land Banking And Property Governance In The U.S. Rust Belt, Patrick Oberle

Dissertations - ALL

In the early 1970s, planning and city officials in St. Louis, Missouri were grappling with the consequences of white flight, urban renewal, and a withdrawal of federal funding on the city’s increasingly abandoned and tax delinquent housing stock. In response, the city government implemented a land bank to acquire tax foreclosed housing and other property and re-sell it through an urban homesteading plan. Later that decade, a similar program was implemented in Cleveland, Ohio. By the early 2000’s the land banking idea had transformed from a city agency to a near-governmental non-profit regional organization with the powers to acquire abandoned …

Modern Health Worries And Emotional Reactivity To Images Of Air Pollution, Garry Spink

Dissertations - ALL

Modern health worries (MHW) represent individual differences in the perceived threat posed to health and well-being by aspects of modern life. Current evidence suggests that MHW are positively associated with trait negative emotionality, and given that trait negative emotionality is associated with state emotional reactivity to environmental stressors, it is reasonable to expect that persons with elevated MHW would show increased state emotional reactivity to MHW-related stimuli. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the association of MHW with state emotional reactivity (i.e., valence and arousal) to MHW-related stimuli (i.e., images of air pollution). Combining these stimuli with other stimuli varying …

The Longitudinal Association Of Neighborhood Stress And Sexual Risk Behaviors And Outcomes Among Black Adolescents: Main Effects And Theoretically-Informed Mediation, Sarah Rose Lafont

Dissertations - ALL

Neighborhood stress stemming from exposure to physical and social decay, as well as violence and crime may be a critical risk factor for risky sexual behaviors among adolescents. The present study sought to: 1) characterize the prospective association of neighborhood stress with adolescent sexual risk behaviors; 2) test whether depression and perceived peer risk norms mediate this association, as proposed by the stress and coping hypothesis and social control theory, respectively; and 3) test whether plausible alternative hypotheses to the stress and coping hypothesis and social control theory can explain the data as well as these hypotheses. Path analysis was …

Smart City Investments: A Rapid Decison Framework For Public Private Partnerships, Paul Sujith Rayi, Murali Venkatesh, Stephen Wallace, Rishie Lavendra Bothra

School of Information Studies - Post-doc and Student Scholarship

The city of Syracuse in New York announced an ambitious smart city plan which, when fully implemented, promises to make it the most connected city in the northeastern US. Thanks to a strategic investment by the State of New York, the city is home to what is billed as the world’s first Drone Corridor for R&D. We outline a decision framework (The Syracuse Wheel) for public private partnership to help city leaders and private investors navigate the exciting implications stemming from these two strategic developments and the city’s environment to augment the priority areas of Autonomous Mobility and Connectivity. The …

Innovation In State Level Veterans Services: A Comprehensive Review, Case Highlights, And An Agenda For Enhanced State Impact, Zachary Huitink, Nicholas Armstrong, Nathaniel Birnbaum, Ryan Van Slyke

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This technical report provides a comprehensive analysis of all 50 states. It gives insight into leading practices in veteran service delivery, describes how innovative policy is diffusing across state governments, and highlights ten of the top states in providing services to veterans at the state level.

How School Aid In New York State Penalizes Black And Hispanic Students, John Yinger

Center for Policy Research

It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.

The European Warden; Reasons And Effects Of Immigration Through Libya., Anas Mustada Buhayh

International Programs

In 2009 250 000 people applied for asylum in the 27 EU member states, with most people immigrating through Libya In 2010 the Libyan dictator Moammar Gaddafi offered to stop the illegal immigration if the European Union paid him five billion euros The deal did not go through Traynor 2010 Journey In order to reach to the coast and be on one of the boats sailing to Europe, migrants can spend months and even years on the way Searcy and Barry 2017 The Sahara has become a center for human smuggling. Migrants are handed from one point to another and …

The Impact Of Bmi On Mental Health: Further Evidence From Genetic Markers, Vikesh Amin, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes

Center for Policy Research

We examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mental health for young adults and elderly individuals using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and the Health & Retirement Study. While ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates show that BMI is significantly associated with worse mental health in both young adulthood and old age, they are likely to be confounded by (i) unobserved factors that affect both BMI and mental health and (ii) reverse causality. To tackle confounding, we take two complementary approaches. First, we use a polygenic score for BMI as an instrumental variable (IV) and …

Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Truth Behind The Trauma, Alexandra Punch

Population Health Research Brief Series

There are many misconceptions about coping behaviors, laws, and regulations that make coming forward difficult and painful. This issue brief discusses the hurdles for child victims of sexual assault and the initiatives taking place across the country to combat stereotypes and bring justice to children and their families.

Understanding Opioid Users’ Views On Fentanyl Could Help Reduce Overdoses, Kate Mclean, Shannon M. Monnat, Khary Rigg, Glenn Sterner, Ashton Verdery

Population Health Research Brief Series

The opioid overdose crisis is a national public health emergency, made much worse in recent years by the widespread emergence of fentanyl – a highly potent synthetic opioid. This research brief summarizes the findings from their research conducted in southwestern Pennsylvania in 2017 and 2018. Results show that the majority of interviewees who use opioids are fearful of and want to avoid fentanyl and would utilize harm reduction strategies such as fentanyl test strips if they were made more widely available.

Sac Newsletter 2019, South Asia Center

Newsletters from the South Asia Center

No abstract provided.

How New York State Stole $20 Billion From School Children In New York City, Part 2, John Yinger

Center for Policy Research

It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.

How Equitable Is The Education Finance System In New York State?, John Yinger

Center for Policy Research

This policy brief provides an overview and evaluation of the education finance system in New York State. The brief addresses four broad topics: student performance disparities in New York State, the nature of the New York State education finance system, the contributions of the New York foundation aid formula to educational equity, and the benefits to all taxpayers in New York State from education finance reform.

Discrimination Is Not Just Black And White In Romantic Relationships: A Consideration Of Perspective Taking And Self-Expansion, Abigail Caselli

Theses - ALL

Like all relationships, interracial relationships can satisfy our human need for interpersonal

bonds, but have additional challenges that same-race relationships do not face (e.g., discrimination). Interracial couples are more likely to break-up compared to same-race couples. However, many interracial couples prevail in the face of adversity. To understand why some interracial relationships prevail despite their challenges, I will examine processes that might buffer against the negativity of discrimination to lead to better relationship quality post discrimination. Specifically, I predict that White individuals who are able to take their partner’s perspective when experiencing discrimination will experience greater self- expansion and less …

Cultivation Effects Of Female-Oriented Dating Sims: Players’ Parasocial Relationships, Gender Attitudes, And Romantic Beliefs In China, Jingjing Yi

Theses - ALL

This study tests cultivation effects of female-oriented dating simulation games on players’ gender attitudes and romantic beliefs. Additionally, the study investigates mediating effects of parasocial relationship, and conditional effects of relationship status. A survey in China with a sample size of 284 participants is utilized to test the hypotheses. This study found that game exposure relates to both parasocial relationships with game avatars and targeted characters. Game exposure also positively relates to equal gender attitudes and romantic beliefs. In addition, there are strong relationships between parasocial relationships and romantic beliefs.

Perceived Stigma And The Positive Illusory Bias In Children With Adhd: A Novel Test Of The Self-Protection Hypothesis, Avery Brooke Albert

Theses - ALL

Background: Despite displaying significant functional impairments across a variety of domains, children with ADHD have been found to overestimate their academic, social, and behavioral competence. This phenomenon has been termed positive illusory bias (PIB). The self-protection theory of PIB in ADHD suggests that PIB may function as a coping mechanism, allowing children with ADHD to defend themselves against feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. The present study aims 1) to test the self-protection theory of PIB in children with ADHD by examining the relationship between perceived stigma and PIB in the social and academic domains, and 2) to examine how …

Making Health Social: Effects Of Health Psa Videos On Social Media, Adriana Mucedola

Theses - ALL

In the digital age, social networking sites are an essential tool for health educators to promote and spread awareness about health issues that may be plaguing society. Internet communications, such as social media, offer tremendous opportunities for modifying health because it allows people of all demographics to access health information. The present study examined the effectiveness of health public service announcement (PSAs) videos on social media and examined how the heuristics of social media “likes” may play a role in how social media users perceive these health messages. To assess how health messages on social media are perceived, this thesis …

Queering Virtual Groups: Exploring Facebook Groups As A Space For Identity Construction And Social Justice Among The Lgbtq Community In India, Sreyoshi Dey

Dissertations - ALL

India has emerged as one of the top users of the Internet. However, the question is how the rise of the Internet influences a society like India, which is still struggling with issues like poverty, literacy, employment, religion, and gender. This research endeavors to explore one aspect of that question by studying the role of the social media platform – Facebook Groups, for the LGBTQ community in India against the backdrop of the societal taboos and lack of legal support for the queer community, coupled with the existing infrastructural loopholes like education and technology. Over the past couple of decades, …

Cannabis Use And Social Cognitive Ability, Alyne Rodrigues

Theses - ALL

Over the past decade, the United States has had a 58% increase in the number of daily or near-daily cannabis users. Frequent cannabis users are at increased risk for developing cannabis use disorders (CUDs) and psychosocial dysfunction is a key criterion for CUDs. Recent studies demonstrate the association between cannabis use and interpersonal dysfunction, such as perceiving others to be more hostile, being socially withdrawn, and being less genuine during social interactions. One approach to better understand the interpersonal dysfunction associated with cannabis use frequency is by examining cannabis users’ social cognitive abilities. The present study aimed to explore performance …

Positioning And Face Work On 4chan’S /R9k/, Michael Camele

Theses - ALL

This thesis uses theories of positioning and politeness to analyze a collection of anonymous discussion board posts gathered from 4chan's ROBOT-9001 message board. I provide an overview of 4chan's history and review recent literature focused on the website. I then examine how users direct gender-based insults at other users within a set of excerpts taken from the larger collection of posts, finding that users who express opposition to misogyny or sexism are identified by others as feminine through the usage of derogatory and misogynistic insults. Next, I examine a second set of excerpts, demonstrating how a user establishes and maintains …

Correcting Fear-Arousing Disinformation On Social Media In The Spread Of A Health Virus: A Focus On Situational Fear, Situational Threat Appraisal, Belief In Disinformation, And Intention To Spread Disinformation On Social Media, Jiyoung Lee

Dissertations - ALL

Disinformation is prevalent in the current social media environment and circulated just as quickly as truthful information. Research has investigated what motivates the spread of disinformation and how to combat it. However, limited research focuses on how fear-arousing disinformation during crises affects individuals’ belief in disinformation and to what extent corrective information can subdue the persuasive effects of fear-arousing disinformation. To address this gap, this research tests the effects of fear-arousing disinformation and different types of corrective information (i.e., no corrective information, simple corrective information, or narrative corrective information) on belief in disinformation and intentions to spread disinformation on social …

Empirical Essays On Causal Effects Of Job Training Programs: Evidence From Korea, Seokchae Hwang

Dissertations - ALL

This dissertation comprises two chapters that are related to the research topics in Korean Job Training Programs using administrative data. The first chapter examines the effectiveness of the programs on the probability of re-employment and on wages. This observational study tackles multiple biases by adopting: (1) a propensity score matching approach for selection into treatment, and (2) a principal stratification framework for selection into employment when looking at wages. This chapter finds positive effects on employability (0.026), but negative effects on wages (-8.4%), both of which are statistically significant. We conduct sensitivity analysis to violations of our main identifying assumption …

There Are Multiple And Geographically Distinct Opioid Crises In The U.S., Shannon M. Monnat

Population Health Research Brief Series

Rates of fatal drug overdose increased 250% in the U.S. between 1999 and 2017, due in large part to a massive surge in overdoses involving opioids. However, there is substantial geographic variation in fatal opioid overdoses, and prescription opioids, heroin, and fentanyl are differentially responsible for high overdose rates across different parts of the U.S. This research brief summarizes the findings from a study just published in the American Journal of Public Health. The study shows that there are at least four geographically distinct opioid overdose crises in the U.S.

Connecting With Deans And Chairs: Tools And Success Stories, Daniel Christie, Sally Fell, Kari Kozak, Anne E. Rauh

Librarian Publications

No abstract provided.