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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 4382

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Homelessness During Covid-19: Understanding And Preventing Risk Of Virus Spread In This Vulnerable Population, Ashley Van Slyke Jun 2020

Homelessness During Covid-19: Understanding And Preventing Risk Of Virus Spread In This Vulnerable Population, Ashley Van Slyke

Population Health Research Brief Series

Individuals experiencing homelessness are older and have a lower life expectancy compared to the average American. This brief describes how individuals who are homeless are experiencing COVID-19 and efforts by various cities and organizations to prevent transmission.

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Major Causes Of Death Among Adults With Down Syndrome, Scott D. Landes Jun 2020

Major Causes Of Death Among Adults With Down Syndrome, Scott D. Landes

Population Health Research Brief Series

Adults with Down syndrome often die at earlier ages than their peers in the general population. This data slice describes increased risk of death across different age groups from Dementia/Alzheimer’s, Influenza/Pneumonia, and Pneumonitis for adults with Down syndrome.

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Black Lives Matter: Police Brutality In The Era Of Covid-19, Tyra Jean Jun 2020

Black Lives Matter: Police Brutality In The Era Of Covid-19, Tyra Jean

Population Health Research Brief Series

Although police brutality and COVID-19 are separate tragedies, they intersect. This brief describes how, from COVID-19 to police brutality, the U.S. black population consistently bears the burden of life-threatening consequences due to structural racism throughout multiple institutions.

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Workers With Disabilities May Remain Unemployed Long After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer D. Brooks Jun 2020

Workers With Disabilities May Remain Unemployed Long After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer D. Brooks

Population Health Research Brief Series

While the re-opening of the U.S. economy promises a return to work for some, this may not be the case for many displaced workers with disabilities. This issue brief describes the intricacies of employability of workers with disabilities .

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Accidental Drownings Are Predictable And Preventable, Mary E. Helander, Margaret K. Formica, Alexandra Punch Jun 2020

Accidental Drownings Are Predictable And Preventable, Mary E. Helander, Margaret K. Formica, Alexandra Punch

Population Health Research Brief Series

Drowning is the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury-related death in the world for all age groups, with one third of fatal and nonfatal drownings occurring with the hours of 4pm and 8pm. This data slice gives helpful advice on how to stay safe while cooling off.

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The Health Consequences Of Riot Control Methods, Austin Mcneill Brown Jun 2020

The Health Consequences Of Riot Control Methods, Austin Mcneill Brown

Population Health Research Brief Series

Riot control tactics pose a risk to the health and safety of protestors. This issue brief examines the health implications of riot control methods such as tear gas, pepper spray, and “less than lethal” munitions and the role of such techniques in recent protests.

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Aging-In-Place Organizations Are Key To Building Disaster Resilience For Older Adults, Claire Pendergrast Jun 2020

Aging-In-Place Organizations Are Key To Building Disaster Resilience For Older Adults, Claire Pendergrast

Population Health Research Brief Series

COVID-19 has tragically demonstrated the serious threat that pandemics and other disasters pose to older adults’ health, safety, and well-being. What role can senior centers and senior villages play in protecting older adults’ health and building their resilience during COVID-19 and other disasters?

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The Employment Situation Of Veterans: May 2020, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Jun 2020

The Employment Situation Of Veterans: May 2020, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during May 2020.

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Screen Media Use Is Higher Among Preschool Children From More Chaotic Homes, Jennifer A. Emon, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon Jun 2020

Screen Media Use Is Higher Among Preschool Children From More Chaotic Homes, Jennifer A. Emon, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon

Population Health Research Brief Series

Early childhood is a critical time for children’s growth and development. One factor that may impair healthy development during the preschool years is excessive screen media use. U.S children under the age of 5 average twice the amount of recommended screen time. This research brief shows that screen media use is higher among children from households with more chaos.

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Gender Disparities In Caretaking During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Danielle Rhubart Jun 2020

Gender Disparities In Caretaking During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Danielle Rhubart

Population Health Research Brief Series

Women have consistently been responsible for more child and elder care than men in the U.S. This disparity continues during COVID-19 and is affecting women’s work.

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Covid-19 Mortality Rates Are Higher Among People With Intellectual And Developmental Disability, Scott D. Landes Jun 2020

Covid-19 Mortality Rates Are Higher Among People With Intellectual And Developmental Disability, Scott D. Landes

Population Health Research Brief Series

Despite higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), there has been limited reporting of COVID-19 trends for this population. This research brief shows that higher COVID-19 case fatality rates among people with IDD. Risk is especially high among people are younger ages.

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Growth Empirics: A Bayesian Semiparametric Model With Random Coefficients For A Panel Of Oecd Countries, Badi Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne Jun 2020

Growth Empirics: A Bayesian Semiparametric Model With Random Coefficients For A Panel Of Oecd Countries, Badi Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne

Center for Policy Research

This paper proposes semiparametric estimation of the relationship between growth rate of GDP per capita, growth rates of physical and human capital, labor as well as other covariates and common trends for a panel of 23 OECD countries observed over the period 1971-2015. The observed differentiated behaviors by country reveal strong heterogeneity. This is the motivation behind using a mixed fixed and random-coefficients model to estimate this relationship. In particular, this paper uses a semiparametric specification with random intercepts and slopes coefficients. Motivated by Lee and Wand (2016), we estimate a mean field variational Bayes semiparametric model with random coefficients …

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Labor Market Policies In A Roy-Rosen Bargaining Economy, Hugo Jales, Zhengfei Yu Jun 2020

Labor Market Policies In A Roy-Rosen Bargaining Economy, Hugo Jales, Zhengfei Yu

Center for Policy Research

We study the effects of labor market policies using a bargaining model featuring compensating differentials (Rosen, 1986) and self-selection (Roy, 1951). The framework allows us to create a taxonomy of formal and informal employment. We use the model to estimate the effects of the minimum wage for the Brazilian economy using the “PNAD" dataset for the years 2001-2005. Our results suggest that, although the minimum wage generates unemployment and reallocation of labor to the informal sector, the policy might be desirable if the employment losses are concentrated in jobs characterized by low surplus.

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Density Deconvolution With Laplace Errors And Unknown Variance, Jun Cai, William C. Horrace, Christopher Parmeter Jun 2020

Density Deconvolution With Laplace Errors And Unknown Variance, Jun Cai, William C. Horrace, Christopher Parmeter

Center for Policy Research

We consider density deconvolution with zero-mean Laplace noise in the context of an error component regression model. We adapt the minimax deconvolution methods of Meister (2006) to allow estimation of the unknown noise variance. We propose a semi-uniformly consistent estimator for an ordinary-smooth target density and a modified “variance truncation device" for the unknown noise variance. We provide a simulation study and practical guidance for the choice of smoothness parameters of the ordinary-smooth target density. We apply restricted versions of our estimator to a stochastic frontier model of US banks and to a measurement error model of daily saturated fat …

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Nonparametric Tests Of Tail Behavior In Stochastic Frontier Models, William C. Horrace, Yulong Wang Jun 2020

Nonparametric Tests Of Tail Behavior In Stochastic Frontier Models, William C. Horrace, Yulong Wang

Center for Policy Research

This article studies tail behavior for the error components in the stochastic frontier model, where one component has bounded support on one side, and the other has unbounded support on both sides. Under weak assumptions on the error components, we derive nonparametric tests that the unbounded component distribution has thin tails and that the component tails are equivalent. The tests are useful diagnostic tools for stochastic frontier analysis and kernel deconvolution density estimation. A simulation study and an application to a stochastic cost frontier for 6,100 US banks from 1998 to 2005 are provided. The new tests reject the normal …

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Economic Hardship During Childhood Increases The Risk Of Premature Death Later In Life, Blakelee R. Kemp May 2020

Economic Hardship During Childhood Increases The Risk Of Premature Death Later In Life, Blakelee R. Kemp

Population Health Research Brief Series

Experiencing economic hardship during childhood can have long lasting consequences for health. This data slice shows that individuals who face multiple forms of hardship early in life are more likely to die over the next 10 years than adults who faced no economic hardship during childhood.

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The Stories Behind The Struggle: A Closer Look At First Experiences With Opioid Misuse, Khary K. Rigg, Shannon M. Monnat, Katherine Mclean, Ashton Verdery, Glenn Sterner May 2020

The Stories Behind The Struggle: A Closer Look At First Experiences With Opioid Misuse, Khary K. Rigg, Shannon M. Monnat, Katherine Mclean, Ashton Verdery, Glenn Sterner

Population Health Research Brief Series

The opioid crisis is a national public health emergency. Over 47,000 people in the U.S. died of opioid overdoses in 2017. Improving our knowledge about how people first come to misuse opioids can help to inform prevention and treatment interventions. This research brief shows that opioid misuse most often begins before age 25, most people obtain the opioids they misuse from friends and family rather than a health care provider, and experimenting and coping with life stressors are the most common motivations for starting opioid misuse.

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Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact Of Universal Free Meals On Student Performance, Amy Ellen Schwartz, Michah W. Rothbart May 2020

Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact Of Universal Free Meals On Student Performance, Amy Ellen Schwartz, Michah W. Rothbart

Population Health Research Brief Series

Children need healthy and balanced meals to perform well in school. Universal Free Meal programs improve English and Math test scores and may even reduce obesity among middle school students. District and school leaders nationwide should consider adopting this program.

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Lost In Translation: Unpacking Monolithic Narratives Of Girls Affected By Female Genital Cutting, Courtney Carr May 2020

Lost In Translation: Unpacking Monolithic Narratives Of Girls Affected By Female Genital Cutting, Courtney Carr

Theses - ALL

Narratives about female genital cutting (FGC) have socio-historically been told in the realm of nongovernmental organization (NGO) discourse. NGO discourse reproduces monolithic understandings about girls impacted by FGC. Previous research reveals how NGOs replicate the tune of neoliberal agendas due to the contributions of donors in the Global North prompted by narrative formulations concocted in the Global South. Interviews were conducted with girls aged 15-21 seeking safe shelter from child marriage and female genital cutting and a translator, at the Network Against Female Genital Mutilation (NAFGEM), an NGO in Moshi, Tanzania. Case study excerpts from NAFGEM’s website, field notes, and …

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Tv Series Exposure And Its Influence On American People’S Social Judgments Toward Asian Americans, Zheng Li May 2020

Tv Series Exposure And Its Influence On American People’S Social Judgments Toward Asian Americans, Zheng Li

Theses - ALL

As television plays a crucial part in people’s social life and ethnicity on the screen both reflects and influences the minds of the audience, this research focuses on the TV representation of Asian Americans and tries to explore how TV series exposure influences American people’s social judgments toward Asian Americans. The status quo of Asian Americans on TV is discussed and cultivation theory is utilized to explain how television influences the audience’s perceptions and judgments. The Asian group is faced with a low representation and a highly stereotypical image on the TV screen thus this study hypothesizes that more television …

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Speaking Under Stress: Effects On Language Production, Perceived Anxiety, Physiological Arousal, And Cognitive Attention, Monica Mascellino May 2020

Speaking Under Stress: Effects On Language Production, Perceived Anxiety, Physiological Arousal, And Cognitive Attention, Monica Mascellino

Theses - ALL

Communicating under stress can have many effects on our bodies and minds, as well as the way that we produce language. The current study employed a pseudorandomized group design to compare individuals’ perceived anxiety, physiological arousal, physiological cognitive attention, and language production during stressful communication and non-stressful communication. Results indicated that the stressful communication protocol did not seem to affect individuals’ self-reported anxiety, as there were no differences between the high stress and low stress groups. No between-group differences were found in physiological arousal; however, results demonstrated that the high stress group experienced an increase in physiological arousal while speaking. …

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Wrapped In Labels: An Examination Of Black Women And The Politics Of The Body In Kingston, Jamaica, Chivonne Munroe May 2020

Wrapped In Labels: An Examination Of Black Women And The Politics Of The Body In Kingston, Jamaica, Chivonne Munroe

Theses - ALL

Through a framework combining historical materialism and transnational Black feminist epistemologies, this study examines how working-class and poor Black women in Kingston, Jamaica negotiate, make meaning, and respond to the label of the Skettel and the tensions that arise in this process. The Skettel is defined as a woman who is perceived as having questionable morals, a characteristic measured against middle-class respectability. Respectability, as it relates to women, privilege a conceptualization that maintains that body language, sexuality, dress codes, and verbal communication should follow European conventions. As such, the Skettel stands as the antithesis of European notions of respectability in …

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Senegalese Youth's Migrations To Europe: "The Barca Or Barsaakh Phenomenon, Mohamed Thiam May 2020

Senegalese Youth's Migrations To Europe: "The Barca Or Barsaakh Phenomenon, Mohamed Thiam

Theses - ALL

Human Migrations can be defined as the movement or displacement of peoples from one place to another, in particular from one country (emigration) to another (immigration) for political, social, economic, or personal reasons. They have been the fact of life for populations integrating into a wider world. Historically, Senegalese migrations to Europe started under colonialism with the massive recruitments by the French colonial administration within the Senegalese territory. This practice of European colonial administration caused the first wave of Senegalese migrations towards Europe to conform to French colonial needs and expectations. Senegalese migrations to Europe continued in the post-colonial period …

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Defending Boyle Heights: Visions Of An Emancipated Barrio, Mikayla Torres May 2020

Defending Boyle Heights: Visions Of An Emancipated Barrio, Mikayla Torres

Theses - ALL

This thesis explores the nuanced relationships between culture, embodied resistance and gentrification in the East Los Angeles neighborhood Boyle Heights. The barrio this project centers upon, is predominantly Latinx identified, low income, and is currently embroiled in a war against gentrification, not unlike the onslaught of displacement dozens of neighborhoods across the United States are currently facing. Specifically, I explore the agitative strategies and actions of the contemporary, grassroots, direct-action group resisting the displacement imposed by gentrification, Defend Boyle Heights. The project centers on two artifacts— a constitution video titled La Noticia: Boyle Heights se Defiende! and a video that …

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Roles Of Race And Adverse Neighborhood Conditions In Urban Youth Alcohol Behavior, Jin Zhao May 2020

Roles Of Race And Adverse Neighborhood Conditions In Urban Youth Alcohol Behavior, Jin Zhao

Theses - ALL

Substantial racial disparities exist in adolescent alcohol behaviors. Although racial minority adolescents are less likely to drink, when they drink, they experience similar or greater levels of negative drinking consequences compared to Whites. However, such racial disparities have rarely been examined within the neighborhood environmental context. This study examined whether racial differences exist in the prospective association between adverse neighborhood conditions (i.e., disadvantage and disorder) at Year 1 (Y1) and adolescents’ current drinker status and risk for hazardous drinking at Year 2 (Y2) in racially diverse urban high school students. Data were drawn from a two-wave, one-year prospective health study …

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Voices Of The (In)Visible: A Gendered Study On Higglers In Downtown Kingston, Jamaica, Reneé Brown May 2020

Voices Of The (In)Visible: A Gendered Study On Higglers In Downtown Kingston, Jamaica, Reneé Brown

Theses - ALL

This project examines the lived experiences of higglers in Downtown, Kingston, and how they survive Jamaica’s misogynistic capitalist patriarchal society as marginalized Black working-class women. Data were gathered through a series of semi-structured and unstructured interviews, and participant observation and journal entries. My theoretical frame employed historical materialism and Black Feminist epistemological standpoints which include Caribbean, African, and ‘Third World’ feminism, through a gendered lens to deconstruct neoliberal global capitalism in neocolonial Jamaica. My project also assumes that the impact of neoliberal global capitalism that thrives on patriarchy has forced Black working-class women in Jamaican to reproduce a political consciousness …

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Some Reservations: Food Tourism, The Food-Selfie, And Everyday Life Performances On Instagram, Alexander Charles Breth May 2020

Some Reservations: Food Tourism, The Food-Selfie, And Everyday Life Performances On Instagram, Alexander Charles Breth

Theses - ALL

Food is the very lifeblood of who we are; it brings us together, defines our cultures, and provides us the vital nourishment we need to survive. However, with the rise of social media platforms that encourage image-sharing, images of food have become increasingly significant in regard to how we understand our communicative choices and habits online. In this project, I trace a lineage of popular food media aesthetics from cable and streaming television shows through the online social media platform Instagram, to argue that an expanded understanding of the “food-selfie” helps one articulate how and why they share images of …

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Agroecology Feminisms: Gender, Social Movements And Alternatives To Industrial Agriculture In Paraguay, Jamie C. Gagliano May 2020

Agroecology Feminisms: Gender, Social Movements And Alternatives To Industrial Agriculture In Paraguay, Jamie C. Gagliano

Theses - ALL

As plantations of mono-cropped cash crops continue to expand globally, small farmers and peasants continue to make out a living at the edges of plantations. Though it draws on long histories of traditional farming, agroecology emerged as alternative set of agricultural practices to counter industrial agriculture in the 1990s. It encapsulates both the diversity of traditional agricultural systems and the systematization of these practices, making it a response of campesinos (peasants) to plantation expansion. In Paraguay, agroecology has been taken up by several campesino social movements, including the women’s and indigenous movement known as Conamuri. For twenty years, Conamuri has …

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Coping Motives As A Moderator Of The Association Between Minority Stress And Alcohol Use Among Emerging Adults Of Marginalized Sexualities And Genders, Jeremy Ramos May 2020

Coping Motives As A Moderator Of The Association Between Minority Stress And Alcohol Use Among Emerging Adults Of Marginalized Sexualities And Genders, Jeremy Ramos

Theses - ALL

Alcohol use and negative consequences are higher among individuals of marginalized sexualities and genders (MS/G), and emerging adults within this category face particular risks. According to Meyer’s (2003) minority stress model, the higher prevalence of alcohol use and negative consequences among MS/G is an attempt to cope with proximal/internal and distal/external minority stressors. The purpose of this study was to examine whether coping motives moderated the relationship between internal minority stress and alcohol use outcomes. We hypothesized that higher internal minority and emerging adult stressors would be positively associated with higher levels of drinking-related outcomes, and that coping would moderate …

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A Textual Analysis Of Online Asexual Representation And Visibility On Reddit, Kyle Kreye Webster May 2020

A Textual Analysis Of Online Asexual Representation And Visibility On Reddit, Kyle Kreye Webster

Theses - ALL

Asexuality remains an under-researched topic in media, gender & sexualities studies. Previous research has explored definitional questions of asexuality, interviews and surveys of asexual people, and consideration of asexuality’s place within queer and feminist communities. However, research has not yet fully explored the issue of asexuality invisibility in the media, which currently amounts to symbolic annihilation. While representation of asexuality is nearly non-existent in mainstream and traditional media, digital spaces have been the location of visibility and self-expression for asexuals. In examining how queer representation of asexuality is seen and made visible online, this textual analysis study examined the content …

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