Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Welfare States And Democratic Citizenship, Dietrich Rueschemeyer

Dietrich Rueschemeyer

No abstract provided.

De La Violencia Urbana A La Convivencia Ciudadana, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Este artículo presenta las principales características de la violencia urbana en América Latina así como los factores que han influido en su tendencia de crecimiento en las últimas décadas. En este sentido. el articulo repasa los rasgos centrales de la relación entre Yio1cncia y ciudad. el rol de las espacios de socialización como la escuela y la familia. y el protagonismo de la juventud en esta problemática. De esta manera. se concluye que la situación actual caracterizada por la crisis económica. las políticas de ajuste. las violencias urbanas y al deterioro ambiental. han generalizado la inseguridad social y económica y …

Centros Históricos De América Latina Y El Caribe, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

En América Latina hay una tradición de más de 50 años de intervención en los centros históricos. Largo recorrido en que, por un lado, existen resultados importantes en calidad y cantidad -marcando un cierto optimismo por el camino recorrido- y, por otro, se presenta e! momento propicio para repensar los centros históricos como objeto de conocimiento y actuación.

Con este trabajo se busca realizar un recuento crítico del proceso de rehabilitación de los centros históricos en América Latina durante este medio siglo, así como caracterizar e! momento en que nos encontramos para trazar algunas directrices generales y retos hacia e! …

La Ciudad Construida. Urbanismo En América Latina, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La ciudad es uno de los productos más extraordinarios que ha construido la humanidad. Por definición es multifuncional, concentra la diversidad y está en permanente construcción-reconstrucción, porque nunca se acaba; se trata de un "producto social" en proceso de cambio constante que tiene historia.

En las ciudades se puede reconocer, históricamente, los momentos por los que han atravesado. De allí que, en este último siglo, en América Latina es factible encontrar dos etapas claramente definidas:

- Una primera, que se define a partir de la segunda postguerra, cuando se inicia una nueva lógica de urbanización en América Latina basada en …

Democracia, Multipartidismo Y Coaliciones En América Latina: Evaluando La Difícil Combinación, Daniel Chasquetti

Daniel Chasquetti

El artículo evalúa la forma en que los países de América Latina convivieron con la difícil combinación de presidencialismo y multipartidismo durante los años ochenta y noventa. Básicamente, demuestra que los presidencialismos multipartidistas gobernados por coaliciones mayoritarias son formatos político-institucionales eficaces para el mantenimiento de la estabilidad democrática. De igual forma, los presidencialismos multipartidistas sin coaliciones de gobierno son los verdaderamente problemáticos. Asimismo, el artículo demuestra que la mayoría de los argumentos vertidos sobre la aparente dificultad del presidencialismo para habilitar o estimular las coaliciones son sumamente discutibles, por no decir equivocados. Existen numerosas razones, fundadas en los hechos, que …

Transitory Determinants Of Values And Decisions: The Utility (Or Non-Utility) Of Individualism-Collectivism In Understanding Cultural Differences, Donnel A. Briley, Robert S. Wyer

Donnel A Briley

The determinants and effects of cultural differences in the values described by individualism-collectivism were examined in a series of four experiments. Confirmatory factor analyses of a traditional measure of this construct yielded five independent factors rather than a bipolar structure. Moreover, differences between Hong Kong Chinese and European Americans in the values defined by these factors did not consistently coincide with traditional assumptions about the collectivistic vs. individualistic orientations. Observed differences in values were often increased when situational primes were used to activate (1) concepts associated with a participant’s own culture and (2) thoughts reflecting a self-orientation (i.e., self- vs. …

Medidas De Mejoramiento De Viviendas Y De Urbanismo Como Parte De La Gestión Local De Riesgo, Christine Wamsler

Christine Wamsler

No abstract provided.

Subjective States Of Mind And Custodial Arrest: Race Based Policing, Christopher C. Cooper

Christopher C. Cooper Dr.

No abstract provided.

Benchmarking Patient Outcomes, Ellen B. Rudy, Joseph F. Lucke, Gayle R. Whitman, Lynda J. Davidson

Joseph Lucke

Purpose: To examine the usefulness of three types of benchmarking for interpreting patient outcome data.

Design: This study was part of a multiyear, multihospital longitudinal survey of 10 patient outcomes. The patient outcome used for this methodologic presentation was central line infections (CLI). The sample included eight hospitals in an integrated healthcare system, with a range in size from 144 to 861 beds. The unit of analysis for CLI was the number of line days, with the CLI rate defined as the number of infections per 1,000 patient-line days per month.

Methods: Data on each outcome were collected at the …

Colombia An Atypical Ldc: Financial Aid For Education And Its Impact On The Income Distribution Gap., Juliana Vengoechea

Juliana M Vengoechea

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Urban Food Security In Sub-Saharan Africa, William G. Moseley

William G Moseley

No abstract provided.

A Critique Of Markedness-Based Theories In Phonology, Naomi Gurevich

Naomi Gurevich

The notion of markedness has been prevalent in phonology since its use by one of the founders of the Prague school of phonology, Trubetzkoy (1939). In contemporary writing it is most often used as a measure of the relative naturalness of linguistic elements. In this paper I explore the use of markedness in phonology literature and argue that it is an ill-defined notion that relies on circular reasoning and, quite often, leads to conflicting or vacuous predictions. Specifically, I question the generative theory-internal notion that markedness is encoded in the grammar. I focus on the multi-dimensional aspect of markedness in …

Role Clarification And Role Dilemmas: New Challenges For Teacher-Librarians?, Ken Haycock

Ken Haycock

No abstract provided.

Chapter 10: Upper-Middle-Class Politics And Policy Outcomes: Does Class Identity Matter?, Herman L. Boschken

Herman L. Boschken

This chapter in Clark and lipset's book on class in American politics resulted from a multi-day workshop at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in the summer of 1999. The piece reverses the normal causality of class politics. It does not analyze citizens in elections, but government officials creating policies. It asks why policies differ across localities (specifically public transit decisions in 42 U.S. metropolitan areas). It probes how some government officials work with an "upper-middle-class" citizenry in mind, while others do so less. The chapter then tests for differences across localities and finds quite distinct patterns. The chapter …

Therapeutic Humor In Retelling The Clients’ Tellings, Richard Buttny

Richard Buttny

No abstract provided.

Genre-Based Navigation On The Web, Barbara H. Kwasnik, Kevin Crowston, M. Nilan, X. Liu, J. Cai

Barbara H. Kwasnik

We report on our ongoing study of using the genre of Web pages to facilitate information exploration. By genre, we mean socially recognized regularities of form and purpose in documents (e.g., a letter, a memo, a research paper). Our study had three phases. First, through a user study, we identified genres which most/least frequently meet searchers' information needs. We found that certain genres are better suited for certain types of needs. We identified five (5) major groups of document genres that might be used in an interactive search tool that would allow genrebased navigation. We tried to balance the following …

Accounting, Richard Buttny, G. H. Morris

Richard Buttny

No abstract provided.

On The Fly Bi: Reaching And Teaching From The Reference Desk, Nancy B. Turner, Susan E. Beck

Nancy B. Turner

Today’s reference librarians are constantly faced with the challenge of orienting users to the complex, ever changing world of the electronic library. A well-structured library instruction program is one important approach to the overall goal of educating users. But library instruction sessions cannot and do not reach all students. Studies indicate that students are most receptive to learning research techniques at the point of need, which most often occurs at the reference desk. Although many reference librarians are committed to ‘‘teaching students to fish,’’ they are frequently faced with students whose research needs require in-depth lessons that exceed the time …

Playing “Sherlock Holmes”: Enhancing Students’ Understanding Of Prejudice And Stereotyping, Ellen N. Junn, L. Grier, D. Behrens

Ellen N. Junn

A very simple, innovative classroom exercise designed to heighten students' understanding of stereotyping and prejudice is described. Students' evaluation of the exercise was very positive. Students reported greater awareness and understanding of their own and others’ stereotypes and prejudice and of the negative effects of prejudice, with females more than males reporting enhanced awareness of others’ stereotyping. Students also rated the exercise as very enjoyable. There was a trend among Non-White more than White students to report that the exercise helped show them how to reduce stereotypes and more Non-White than White students offered solutions for reducing prejudice that involved …

Storytelling, Folktales And The Comic Book Format, Gail De Vos

Gail de Vos

The reading process in comics is an extension of text. In text alone the process of reading involves word-to-image conversion. Comics accelerate that by providing the image. When properly executed, it goes beyond conversion and speed and becomes a seamless whole. In every sense, this misnamed form of reading is entitled to be regarded as literature because the images are employed as a language. There is a recognizable relationship to the iconography and pictographs of oriental writing. When this language is employed as a conveyance of ideas and information, it separates itself from mindless visual entertainment. This makes comics a …

New Anti-Merger Theories: A Critique, Edward J. Lopez

Edward J. Lopez

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate these new anti-merger instruments on the basis of economic theory and evidence. I first discuss how the economics of antitrust has developed over the years, with the intention of characterizing the intellectual inheritance of 1990s' antitrust regulators. Within this context, I then discuss each anti-merger instrument, how it has been applied in specific cases, and how it accords with underlying economic science. On the basis of these arguments, antitrust regulators should pause and reconsider the theoretical and empirical bases of applying unilateral effects and innovation markets to merger investigations.