Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Internal Consistency And Intercriterion Overlap Within And Between Dsm-Iv Axis Ii Personality Disorders: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Study Of Personality Disorders, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C. Zanarini, Donna S. Bender, John M. Oldham, Ingrid Dyck, Robert L. Stout

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: To evaluate performance characteristics of DSM-IV Personality Disorders (PDs) criteria.

Method: Six hundred and sixty-eight adults recruited for the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS) were assessed with diagnostic interviews.

Results: Within-category inter-relatedness was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and median intercriterion correlations (MIC). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.47 to 0.87 (median=0.71); seven of the 10 PDs had alphas greater than 0.70. Between-category criterion overlap was evaluated by ‘inter-category’ intercriterion correlations between all PD pairs (ICMIC). ICMIC values (median=0.08) were lower than MIC values (median=0.23). Diagnostic efficiency statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power and negative predictive power were calculated for …

Treatment Utilization By Patients With Personality Disorders, Donna S. Bender, Regina T. Dolan, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Ingrid R. Dyck, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Mary C. Zanarini, John M. Oldham, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: Utilization of mental health treatment was compared in patients with personality disorders and patients with major depressive disorder without personality disorder.

Method: Semistructured interviews were used to assess diagnosis and treatment history of 664 patients in four representative personality disorder groups—schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive—and in a comparison group of patients with major depressive disorder.

Results: Patients with personality disorders had more extensive histories of psychiatric outpatient, inpatient, and psychopharmacologic treatment than patients with major depressive disorder. Compared to the depression group, patients with borderline personality disorder were significantly more likely to have received every type of psychosocial treatment …

Suicidal Ideation And Help-Negation: Not Just Hopelessness Or Prior Help., Coralie Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Few distressed young people seek professional psychological help and little is known about what sources of help young people seek for different problems. In suicidal youth, poor help-seeking may be exacerbated by the process of help-negation. The current study is the first of a larger program of PhD research developed and led by the second author. In the current study, three hundred and two undergraduate university students completed a questionnaire measuring suicidal ideation, hopelessness, prior help-seeking experience, and help-seeking intentions. Participants indicated they would seek help from different sources of help for different types of problems, but friends were consistently …

Adolescent Opinions About Reducing Help-Seeking Barriers And Increasing Engagement., Coralie Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Effective mental illness prevention programs are important for the safety of youth and adolescents. Research suggests that programs should facilitate appropriate help-seeking by lowering help-seeking barriers. This study used focus groups to obtain high school student opinions about actual help-seeking behaviors, reducing adolescent help-seeking barriers, raising sensitive issues with adolescents, and increasing appropriate help-source engagement. Transcript analysis revealed several themes. Relationship and trust were key approach factors for current help-seeking. Memories of successful prior helping episodes were also important. Education about appropriate help-seeking, presented in ways consistent with those currently used by adolescents (e.g., through peer networks), might reduce help-seeking …

Stock Optimizing In Choice When Toke Deposit Is The Operant, Abdulrazaq Imam, J Widholm, A Silberberg, S Hursh, F Warren-Boulton

Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Each of 2 monkeys typically earned their daily food ration by depositing tokens in one of two slots. Tokens deposited in one slot dropped into a bin where they were kept (token kept). Deposits to a second slot dropped into a bin where they could be obtained again (token returned). In Experiment 1, a fixed-ratio (FR) 5 schedule that provided two food pellets was associated with each slot. Both monkeys preferred the token-returned slot. In Experiment 2, both subjects chose between unequal FR schedules with the token-returned slot always associated with the leaner schedule. When the FRs were 2 versus …

Couples Therapy: A Cornerstone Approach, Linda Berg-Cross

Linda Berg-Cross

Speed Contingencies, Number Of Stimulus Presentations, And The Nodality Effect In Equivalence Class Formation, Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Rats worked under a fixed-ratio (FR) 45 schedule of reinforcement during 4-hr long sessions either in 16 15-min work periods (2 rats in Exps 1 and 3) or in a single work period (3 rats in Exps 2 and 4) while receiving varying amounts of external food. In Exps 1 and 2, a fixed amount of external food was provided in different conditions, whereas in Exps 3 and 4, both earned and total food intake were fixed to a daily maximum. Consumption and responding decreased with availability compared to nonavailability of external food and systematically declined with increasing amounts of …

Suicidal Ideation And Help-Negation: Not Just Hopelessness Or Prior Help., Coralie J. Wilson

Frank Deane

Few distressed young people seek professional psychological help and little is known about what sources of help young people seek for different problems. In suicidal youth, poor help-seeking may be exacerbated by the process of help-negation. The current study is the first of a larger program of PhD research developed and led by the second author. In the current study, three hundred and two undergraduate university students completed a questionnaire measuring suicidal ideation, hopelessness, prior help-seeking experience, and help-seeking intentions. Participants indicated they would seek help from different sources of help for different types of problems, but friends were consistently …

Adolescent Opinions About Reducing Help-Seeking Barriers And Increasing Engagement., Coralie J. Wilson

Frank Deane

Effective mental illness prevention programs are important for the safety of youth and adolescents. Research suggests that programs should facilitate appropriate help-seeking by lowering help-seeking barriers. This study used focus groups to obtain high school student opinions about actual help-seeking behaviors, reducing adolescent help-seeking barriers, raising sensitive issues with adolescents, and increasing appropriate help-source engagement. Transcript analysis revealed several themes. Relationship and trust were key approach factors for current help-seeking. Memories of successful prior helping episodes were also important. Education about appropriate help-seeking, presented in ways consistent with those currently used by adolescents (e.g., through peer networks), might reduce help-seeking …

Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief: Factor Structure And Convergent Validity In Inpatient Adolescents, Seth R. Axelrod, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

We examined the internal consistency, factor structure, and validity of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B). Two hundred thirty-seven psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents were administered the SPQ-B and a battery of well-established self-report instruments. The SPQ-B demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis provided mixed support for the SPQ-B 3-factor structure of interpersonal deficits, cognitive-perceptual deficits, and disorganization. The Interpersonal and Cognitive-Perceptual subscales demonstrated convergent and discriminant relationships with other measures of interpersonal impairment and cognitive abnormalities. We concluded that the SPQ-B is a promising measure for evaluating schizotypal personality disorder features, specifically interpersonal and cognitiveperceptual deficits, with adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Schizophrenia: A Critical Examination, Charles A. Sanislow, Robert C. Carson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Parental Assessment Of College Character: Brand Identity And Consumer Behavior In Higher Education, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Emily Newton

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

The concept of character development in higher education enjoys considerable professional support. Moreover, commercial marketers are aggressively promoting brand image and brand character to differentiate their products and services. However, there is a paucity of research on the marketing of a university's brand character. This exploratory research examines parental assessment of college character , its conceptual components and hierarchical factor structure. A discussion highlights practical implications for the marketing of a college's brand character.