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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
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- HIV infections -- Latin America (3)
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- HIV infections -- Central America (2)
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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Women’S Leadership And Covid-19 Pandemic: Navigating Crises Through The Application Of Connective Leadership, Chris Taylor Cartwright, Maura Harrington, Sarah Smith Orr, Tessa Sutton
Women’S Leadership And Covid-19 Pandemic: Navigating Crises Through The Application Of Connective Leadership, Chris Taylor Cartwright, Maura Harrington, Sarah Smith Orr, Tessa Sutton
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
International and national crises often highlight behavioral patterns in the labor market that illustrate women’s courage and adaptability in challenging times. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting changes in the workplace due to social distancing, remote work, and tele-communications protocols showcased women’s power of authenticity and accessibility (interpersonal and personalized experiences) to engage with their constituents effectively. The catalyzed this research was our desire to underscore the importance of studying the impact of COVID-19 on women leaders. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light specific challenges and disparities women faced in the workplace. It has been asserted that women leaders substantially benefit …
Conspiracy Theories And Ebola: Lessons Learned Important For Future Pandemics, Shawn C. Smallman
Conspiracy Theories And Ebola: Lessons Learned Important For Future Pandemics, Shawn C. Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
The public health campaign against Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo faced serious challenges, some due to conspiracy theories and denial. These beliefs were so powerful that they even caused repeated attacks upon health care providers and medical centers. These conspiracy theories were nothing new, as they are a common feature of all frightening epidemics, such as HIV and COVID-19. These narratives also circulated during the 2015 West African Ebola outbreak. Addressing conspiracy theories during an epidemic requires a coordinated campaign involving not only local leaders but also the cooperation of social media organizations
Reconstructing Culture: Seasonal Labour Migration And The Cultural Geographies Of Social Change In Rural Western India, Pronoy Rai
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper focuses on seasonal labour migration in rural India to examine how migrant returnees sought to reconstitute historical and hierarchical social relations in their home villages. I use qualitative research conducted in Maharashtra state in western India from 2014-15 among landowning farmers, landless returnees, and nonmigrant laborers. I demonstrate that for the returnees, an important element of social and cultural change in their home communities was their ability to upend and replace 'residual culture,' based on expectations of continued exploitation and performative hierarchy, with an 'emergent' one. I claim that the mechanics of counter-hegemony in rural Maharashtra includes a …
Shaheen Bagh: Muslim Women Contesting And Theorizing Citizenship And Belonging During Covid-19, Priya Kapoor
Shaheen Bagh: Muslim Women Contesting And Theorizing Citizenship And Belonging During Covid-19, Priya Kapoor
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper documents an important slice of global South COVID-19 history, of primarily Muslim women's protests against the Indian Government and Legislature for taking away their constitutional rights as citizens. The Shaheen Bagh mobilization has already become an important disruption in contemporary Indian history stirring public intellectuals to probe the question: “who is a citizen of India?” in their scholarship and public-community work. By virtue of the disruption the event has caused in the enactment of the citizenship law, including other biometric directives, CAA-NRC-NPR, it has ceased to be regarded a minority or marginalized occurrence. This paper examines the writings …
Monarchism With A Human Face: Balkan Queens And The Social Politics Of Nursing In The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Centuries, Evguenia Davidova
Monarchism With A Human Face: Balkan Queens And The Social Politics Of Nursing In The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Centuries, Evguenia Davidova
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
How were monarchy, gender, and nationalism entwined? Through contextualized comparisons of selected case studies (two generations of royal women in four countries: Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Serbia/Yugoslavia), this article explores, in gendered terms, the instrumentalization of nursing as an evolving relationship between state building, warfare, welfare, and voluntary organizations. It argues that certain queens’ interventions in nursing successfully contributed to the “naturalization” of the ruling foreign dynasties in the Balkans and to the militarization of charity. Through such “soft power” they mobilized nursing in different ways to carve out an autonomous space and visibility in wartime as queen-nurses and in …
Theory(Ies) Of Culture And Compassion: Indian Writers Call Out Local And Global Politics Under The Pall Of Covid-19, Priya Kapoor
Theory(Ies) Of Culture And Compassion: Indian Writers Call Out Local And Global Politics Under The Pall Of Covid-19, Priya Kapoor
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Theory(ies) of culture and compassion: Indian writers call out local and global politics under the pall of Covid-19 This paper is a reading of essays by Indian writers who are writing in the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic beginning with the first phase of the Lockdown initiated by Indian Prime Minister Modi in March 2020. Globally read writers, Arundhati Roy, Pankaj Mishra, Arjun Appadurai, Amitav Ghosh, and Nobel laureate Amartya Sen assess the state of affairs both domestically and globally in their respective essays. Empire, disease, neo-liberalism, democracy, poverty, climate change and migrant workers are the hot button issues on …
Circuits Of Mobile Workers In The 19th-Century Central Balkans, Evguenia Davidova
Circuits Of Mobile Workers In The 19th-Century Central Balkans, Evguenia Davidova
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
This article compares the geographic and social mobility of two “lesser known” groups of workers: merchants’ assistants and maidservants. By combining labor mobility, class, and gender as categories of analysis, it suggests that such examples of temporary and return migration opened up new economic possibilities while at the same time reinforcing patriarchal order and increasing social inequality. Such transformative social practice is placed within the broader socio-economic and political fabric of the late Ottoman and post-Ottoman Balkans during the “long 19th century.”
State Atrophy And The Reconfiguration Of Borderlands In Syria And Iraq: Post-2011 Dynamics, Harout Akdedian, Harith Hasan
State Atrophy And The Reconfiguration Of Borderlands In Syria And Iraq: Post-2011 Dynamics, Harout Akdedian, Harith Hasan
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Circumstances in the MENA region invite us to redirect our attention to geographic areas that emerged as primary sites of power-contest. This paper looks into emerging trends in the unraveling of bounded sovereign territoriality in borderlands by examining the contest over military, economic, and socio-political spaces in the wake of the devolution of the monopoly of violence and the rise of a multitude of new and old actors to local prominence. Since 2011, borderlands in the MENA region transformed into considerable sites of contested power by a plethora of actors. The paper points out emergent patterns of deterritorialization and reterritorialization …
The Geographies Of Intermediation: Labor Intermediaries, Labor Migration, And Cane Harvesting In Rural Western India, Pronoy Rai
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this paper, I explain the role of labor intermediaries in the weaving of capital–labor relations in capitalist agro-business. I do so by focusing on migration infrastructure or the vertical network of labor intermediaries who facilitate labor recruitment from migrant home villages and migrant labor disciplining on cane fields in rural western India, where the laborers are brought seasonally to harvest sugarcane. I show how the role of labor intermediaries cannot be understood by containing them within the villainous stereotypes associated with brokers. Intermediaries are embedded within the labor geographies of commodity production where capital accumulation requires the downward transferring …
Seasonal Masculinities: Seasonal Labor Migration And Masculinities In Rural Western India, Pronoy Rai
Seasonal Masculinities: Seasonal Labor Migration And Masculinities In Rural Western India, Pronoy Rai
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this research article, I study seasonal labor migration in rural western India to understand gender negotiations in the course of labor migration. Based on qualitative research conducted in six villages in rural Maharashtra state in Western India during the early Kharif cropping season in 2014 and during Kharif and Rabi cropping seasons in 2015–16, I examine gendered labor in migrant home communities and at various rural and urban employment destinations, the relationship of labor to the social construction of masculinities, and gender negotiations across space. I show that in their home communities, the politics of resistance of returnee laborers …
Conspiracy Theories And The Zika Epidemic, Shawn Smallman
Conspiracy Theories And The Zika Epidemic, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
After a Zika outbreak began in Brazil in April 2015, narratives blamed the virus on a variety of international actors, including chemical companies and the Gates Foundation. Many of these narratives drew upon older conspiracy theories that had circulated in Latin America during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Whether these narratives denounced transgenic mosquitoes or pesticides, they reflected not only the fear created by a mysterious wave of birth defects but also a profound mistrust of health authorities and transnational corporations. This paper will examine the narratives that circulated on YouTube, blogs, podcasts, and other alternative media sources, which typically …
Global Muslim Audiences’ Polysemic Reading Of “My Name Is Khan”: Toward An Emergent Multiculturalism, Priya Kapoor
Global Muslim Audiences’ Polysemic Reading Of “My Name Is Khan”: Toward An Emergent Multiculturalism, Priya Kapoor
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this study, we learn how audiences make sense of a non-dominant text that is conveying a nonWestern story about the Global War on Terror (GWOT). The audiences affective narratives affirm Deuze’s argument that media is not separate from our lived experience; we live in media rather than with media. This study was conducted on an urban campus in the Pacific North-West, with film audiences of over fifty Saudi Arabian, Baharanian, Iranian, Iraqi, Yemeni, and other Arab and non-Arab Muslims. Multiple screenings of Hindi language film, My Name is Khan, shows that it speaks to a global, transcultural, primarily Muslim …
Political Polarization And Nisman’S Death: Competing Conspiracy Theories In Argentina, Leopoldo Rodriguez, Shawn Smallman
Political Polarization And Nisman’S Death: Competing Conspiracy Theories In Argentina, Leopoldo Rodriguez, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
The death of Alberto Nisman, the chief investigator of the 1994 AMIA bombing in Argentina, unleashed conspiracy theories and significant political turmoil upon President Cristina Fernández. We study the case and trace two of these theories, asking what they tell us about the Argentine political system and what can be inferred with respect to other countries in Latin America. We confirm that nations with high levels of political polarization are fertile ground for the emergence of conspiracy theories and that domestic and international media play an important role in both giving credence to and spreading such theories.
Entrapment As A Threat To Community Peace In The Global War On Terror: An Analysis Of Discourse In Local Press, Priya Kapoor, Adam Testerman, Alex Brehm
Entrapment As A Threat To Community Peace In The Global War On Terror: An Analysis Of Discourse In Local Press, Priya Kapoor, Adam Testerman, Alex Brehm
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Our study tries to understand the phenomenon of Entrapment, which is an outcome of (a) security discourses that prioritize pre-emptive community strategies; (b) the ongoing military initiative of the Global War of Terror (GWOT); and (c) and the increased budgetary convergence of state agencies of the National Security Agency (NSA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the military, impacting the legal and court processes that indict “homegrown” terrorists. We offer a critical discourse analysis of the events that led to the arrest and trial of Mohamed Osman Mohamud, covered in local newspapers The Oregonian and The Willamette Week, after …
Whom Do You Trust? Doubt And Conspiracy Theories In The 2009 Influenza Pandemic, Shawn Smallman
Whom Do You Trust? Doubt And Conspiracy Theories In The 2009 Influenza Pandemic, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza led people around the globe to create narratives about the epidemic defined by the question of trust; these narratives ranged from true conspiracy theories to simply accounts in which mistrust and betrayal formed a motif. In particular, most of these narratives reflected a fear of capitalism and globalization, although in specific regions, other issues—such as religion—played a more central role. These stories were not unique to the H1N1 pandemic but rather have appeared with every contemporary outbreak of infectious disease. This paper will examine conspiracy theories and moral panics related to the H1N1 pandemic …
Book Review Of, Human Rights, Revolution, And Reform In The Muslim World, Tugrul Keskin
Book Review Of, Human Rights, Revolution, And Reform In The Muslim World, Tugrul Keskin
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reviews the book "Human Rights, Revolution, and Reform in the Muslim World" by Anthony Tirado Chase
Biopiracy And Vaccines: Indonesia And The World Health Organization's New Pandemic Influenza Plan, Shawn Smallman
Biopiracy And Vaccines: Indonesia And The World Health Organization's New Pandemic Influenza Plan, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Viral samples of avian influenza are essential to preparing pre-pandemic vaccines. In 2007, the conflicting interests of the developed and developing nations led Indonesia to briefly stop sharing viral samples. The result was a struggle in which the two blocs argued for different paradigms for viral sample sharing. The first paradigm, articulated by the developed world, depicted the issue as one of health security, in which international law mandated the sharing of viral samples. The second paradigm, advanced by the developing world, depicted viral sample sharing as a form of biopiracy, which violated countries' sovereign control of their biological resources. …
Business Partnerships And Practices From The 19th-Century Ottoman Balkans, Evguenia Davidova
Business Partnerships And Practices From The 19th-Century Ottoman Balkans, Evguenia Davidova
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
This article compares samples in commercial and epistolary guides, which provide a discursive framework to 'real' business partnership contracts and correspondence, dispersed in merchant archives that contextualize (and humanize) the dry contractual language. The guides offered pragmatism and standardization of economic behavior, envisioning commerce not only as a tool for achieving wealth but also a broader activity in the service of social progress and national prosperity. Contracts provide insights into everyday business practices, such as local economic reconfigurations, multiethnic regional cooperation, long-distance trade, and intergenerational communication. The article suggests that while the contract form followed old formulaic structure and language, …
Systemic Propaganda As Ideology And Productive Exchange, Gerald Sussman
Systemic Propaganda As Ideology And Productive Exchange, Gerald Sussman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Informed by the works of Marx and his progeny (Lukács, Gramsci, Althusser) as well as more recent marxian scholarship, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of ideology and propaganda in the production and circulation of commodities and in the informalization of the contemporary workplace, particularly in the context of the promotional economy, politics, and culture of the United States. The heightened functions of media and communication technologies mark the pinnacle expression of late capitalism—the production, reproduction and colonization of the sphere of consciousness as a necessary condition for the maintenance of the corporate state as it …
Developing Countries, Vaccine Access And Influenza Outbreaks: Ethics And Global Health Governance When Facing A Pandemic, Shawn Smallman
Developing Countries, Vaccine Access And Influenza Outbreaks: Ethics And Global Health Governance When Facing A Pandemic, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
The threat posed by influenza pandemics raises serious ethical issues, as well as questions of global health governance. In order to create pre-pandemic vaccines, global health authorities need access to virus from regional outbreaks. But because the countries where these outbreaks occur are unlikely to benefit from the vaccine, they are sometimes reluctant to share this seed stock, and may try to make proprietary arrangements with pharmaceutical companies, as briefly occurred in Indonesia. Although these arrangements may increase developing countries' access to vaccine, they hamper the global cooperation necessary to prepare for influenza outbreaks. Developing countries, in contrast, point to …
Book Review Of, The Politics And History Of Aids Treatment In Brazil In Latin American Politics And Society, Shawn Smallman
Book Review Of, The Politics And History Of Aids Treatment In Brazil In Latin American Politics And Society, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reviews the book "The Politics and History of AIDS Treatment in Brazil," by Amy Nunn
War And Hiv In Latin America, Shawn Smallman
War And Hiv In Latin America, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Conflict has shaped the HIV pandemic from its inception, from the spread of HIV-1 in Central Africa, to the diffusion of HIV-2 from Portuguese Africa to the globe. At the same time, the relationship between HIV and conflict has been non-linear and poorly understood. Nancy Mock and her colleagues have been almost the only scholars to propose a model to understand this relationship. Their work suggests that several key variables (such as the time scale of the conflict, the characteristics of the parties involved, and the geographic scale of the fighting) explain wide variations in how warfare appears to have …
Book Review Of, Nazis And Good Neighbors: The United States’ Campaign Against The Germans Of Latin America In World War Two, Shawn Smallman
Book Review Of, Nazis And Good Neighbors: The United States’ Campaign Against The Germans Of Latin America In World War Two, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reviews the book "Nazis & Good Neighbors: The United States Campaign Against the Germans of Latin America in World War II," by Max Paul Friedman.
Canada’S New Role In North American Energy Security, Shawn Smallman
Canada’S New Role In North American Energy Security, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Energy analysts have given renewed attention to Canada's position in the North American energy market since the September 11th attacks, because of fear that conflict might interrupt the flow of oil from the Middle East. There are currently $30 billion (U.S.) in projects to develop the Alberta oil sands, in addition to new petroleum projects in Newfoundland, and major natural gas finds off the Atlantic coast. While Canada is already the single major oil exporter to the United States (ahead of both Saudi Arabia and Venezuela), its production could double by 2010. Canada’s rapidly increasing energy production has major implications …
A Comparative History Of Aids In Latin America: Brazil And Cuba, Shawn Smallman
A Comparative History Of Aids In Latin America: Brazil And Cuba, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
According to a joint report of the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization in September 2002 there were approximately 1.4 million HIV+ people in Latin America, and a further 420,000 HIV+ people in the Caribbean. The number of infections had increased by nearly 10% from the previous year in Latin America, and 16% in the Caribbean. While striking, these figures may obscure the diversity of the HIV epidemic in the region. Latin America has a varied pattern of infections, which means that the experience of Bolivia, Ecuador and Mexico is quite different from that of Honduras, Haiti …
Book Review Of, Tribute Of Blood: Army, Honor, Race, And Nation In Brazil, 1864-1945, Shawn Smallman
Book Review Of, Tribute Of Blood: Army, Honor, Race, And Nation In Brazil, 1864-1945, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reviews the non-fiction book "The Tribute of Blood: Army, Honor, Race, and Nation in Brazil, 1864-1945," by Peter M. Beattie.
Book Review Of, La Patria: Politics And The Armed Forces In Latin America, Shawn Smallman
Book Review Of, La Patria: Politics And The Armed Forces In Latin America, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reviews the book "For La Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America," by Brian Loveman.
Military Terror And Silence In Brazil, 1910-1945, Shawn Smallman
Military Terror And Silence In Brazil, 1910-1945, Shawn Smallman
International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
Throughout the twentieth century, the Brazilian military has gone to great lengths to conceal its use of terror. The armed forces have kidnapped journalists, censored newspapers, and threatened authors. Such censorship and silencing have not only limited criticism from powerful social groups, but have also enabled the military to defend political myths that are in its interest. To date, however, few scholars have carefully examined military terror in Brazil, although testimonials abound. In order to better understand this phenomenon, consequently, this study examines two specific cases of military terror in Brazil, and the armed forces' efforts to silence or shape …