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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
An Exploration Of The Experience Of In-Home Counseling Services, Greg Czyszczon
An Exploration Of The Experience Of In-Home Counseling Services, Greg Czyszczon
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This qualitative study explores the lived experience of in-home counseling services by using a phenomenological method. In-home counseling services are used in situations where families experience extreme emotional distress, in part owing to the problematic behavior of a child. A semi-structured interview was used to elicit parents’ experience of in-home services in a geographical area that included a large portion of Virginia. The study found that the whole of parents’ experience of in-home services was dynamically influenced by constituent parts including the parent’s experience of the child, their experience of parenting, their experience of systems of care, and their experience …
Weighing In: Therapeutic Benefits Of Online Communities For Individuals With Eating Disorders, Cheri L. Greenfield
Weighing In: Therapeutic Benefits Of Online Communities For Individuals With Eating Disorders, Cheri L. Greenfield
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
The treatment of eating disorders involves a complex approach. In recent years, a number of websites have developed in an attempt to meet the needs of individuals struggling with this set of disorders. Some of these websites are nationally recognized organizations dedicated to improve treatment and provide educational resources, while other websites have been authored by individuals with eating disorders in an attempt to create a safe community of support. This project explores various components found in online communities, examines characteristics of eating disorders, and evaluates the worth of such resources, even when in perceived contrast with traditional treatment. Rather …
The Interaction Of Patience And Resistance To Miserly Information Processing On Life Outcomes, Tristan Kirkman
The Interaction Of Patience And Resistance To Miserly Information Processing On Life Outcomes, Tristan Kirkman
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
This study examined the relationships between three factors: patience, resistance to miserly information processing (RMIP), and life outcomes. Patience, or the ability to delay gratification in exchange for a larger reward, has been associated with having fewer negative life outcomes— those who are able to wait tend to have better lives. RMIP involves the tendency to think analytically instead of using heuristics (mental shortcuts). RMIP has had only limited study in terms of its relationship to actual life outcomes, but what has been examined so far has also suggested a positive relationship. In the present study, it was found that …
Writing Fellows In An Undergraduate Psychology Course, Caroline Prendergast
Writing Fellows In An Undergraduate Psychology Course, Caroline Prendergast
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
This study seeks to examine the uses of embedded writing tutoring (specifically, a Writing Fellow) in an undergraduate psychology course in order to better understand the impacts of such programs on students’ writing process, written products, and attitudes toward writing. A Writing Fellow attended lab meetings and held office hours in one section of a research methods course. The other two sections of the course served as treatment-as-usual control groups. Throughout the semester, students reported their writing process and attitudes toward writing. Student writing was evaluated using an APA-style scoring instrument. Students in the experimental and control conditions were not …
The Effects Of Having Teachers Implement Teacher Child Interaction Training On Language And Communication Development, Chelsea Ann Rainear
The Effects Of Having Teachers Implement Teacher Child Interaction Training On Language And Communication Development, Chelsea Ann Rainear
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Prevention and intervention programs for language and communication skills are important, and should be implemented early to gain the maximum benefits. There is evidence that verbal modeling and adult verbal imitation of children may enhance these skills. Teacher training programs have been shown to be effective in modifying students’ behaviors. Speech and language are also forms of behavior, thus the same principles should apply to coaching teachers how to modify verbal behavior to improve their communication skills. McIntosh, Rizza, and Bliss (2000) discussed a need for empirically supported treatments in schools and a need for treatment manuals in order to …
Merge Of Behavior Analysis Procedures Into A Speech-Language Pathology Autism Clinic, Elizabeth Simons
Merge Of Behavior Analysis Procedures Into A Speech-Language Pathology Autism Clinic, Elizabeth Simons
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
This study developed applied behavior analysis skills in a different discipline through training and coaching speech-language pathology graduate students providing therapy services in a program for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Two graduate students in applied behavior analysis trained 9 graduate students in speechlanguage pathology in 3 concepts: function of behavior, positive reinforcement and differential reinforcement. These trainings occurred within the framework of a systematic multiple baseline design. After training, each participant received bug-in-theear coaching on the use of positive reinforcement daily for 5 days during therapy delivery. At the end of each day therapists developed a list of …
Teacher Child Interaction Training (Tcit) Creates A Positive Classroom Environment: Improving Attachment And Management Of Child Behavior Problems, Kara Devers
Dissertations, 2014-2019
By improving the quality of early teacher-child relationships, a child may improve his socio-emotional competence and decrease problem behaviors. Teacher Child Interaction Training (TCIT), adapted from Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), is a school-based prevention program in which teachers are taught to use the principles of learning and behavior management in the classroom to enhance positive interactions and attachment, and to prevent and reduce problem behaviors in young children. In the present study, changes in teacher and child behavior were experimentally analyzed within a multiple-baseline design across two classrooms with five teachers and thirty nine preschool children. Teacher and child …
In Search Of Best Practices For Multicultural Education: Empirical Evidence From The Forum Bevi Project, Mary Beth Tabit
In Search Of Best Practices For Multicultural Education: Empirical Evidence From The Forum Bevi Project, Mary Beth Tabit
Dissertations, 2014-2019
As the composition of the United States continues to become more diverse, a corresponding need exists to facilitate understanding and positive relations among individuals from different backgrounds. Although there are many reasons for intergroup tension, one substantive source of tension derives from different cultural frames of reference, influencing the ways in which humans from different racial groups understand and relate to each other. A range of interventions have been attempted to promote positive intercultural relations such as multicultural education in schools, intergroup dialogue, and transformative learning experiences. The following reviews previous literature related to effectiveness within these domains, as well …
Self-Reported Practices Of And Attitudes Toward Reading Among Elementary-Aged English Language Learners, Sarah M. Akers
Self-Reported Practices Of And Attitudes Toward Reading Among Elementary-Aged English Language Learners, Sarah M. Akers
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-reported attitudes toward and practices of at-home reading on English reading abilities in English Language Learners in 3rd through 5th grade. Students' English reading abilities were measured in terms of fluency, vocabulary/background knowledge, and comprehension. Scores from the school district's reading benchmarks and English language mastery test were also obtained. Attitudes toward both academic and recreational reading were assessed, and a survey was administered to obtain information regarding students' self-reported at-home practices of reading and access to reading materials. Data was collected in early spring and again in late …
Healthy Living Skills Education: A 12-Module Group Intervention For Individuals With Serious Mental Illness, Brette Marie Stephenson
Healthy Living Skills Education: A 12-Module Group Intervention For Individuals With Serious Mental Illness, Brette Marie Stephenson
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Serious mental illness often strikes during adolescence, a time of life when individuals typically prepare to navigate society as independent adults. Due to its symptoms and this crucial developmental interruption, people with serious mental illness often experience difficulties with acquiring and developing life skills. They often struggle to maintain financial independence or their physical health suffers as a result of poor diet and medication side effects. Most commonly, they struggle to develop competency in navigating the social demands of life and relationships. This project is a 12-module life skills group to provide support and group interventions regarding three life areas …
Those Who Laugh, Last: Exploring The Use Of Humor As A Vehicle Of Healing Through Personal Reflection, Theory, And Practice, Eleanor Barham Whitehurst
Those Who Laugh, Last: Exploring The Use Of Humor As A Vehicle Of Healing Through Personal Reflection, Theory, And Practice, Eleanor Barham Whitehurst
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
The premise of this paper is to examine the healing and therapeutic nature of humor in the counseling relationship. Discussion will focus on the cognitive, emotional, and physical benefits of humor, as well as the methods and techniques used to implement humor and laughter into therapeutic practice. The best practices, benefits, and recommendations for using humor in the therapeutic relationship are reviewed, emphasizing type of humor and assessing client for appropriate use. Application of humor in times of grief and loss is explored, offering insight to the resilience that can be found in the human spirit. Humor is studied as …
Inhibitory Control And Classroom Behavior In Kindergarten Children, Samantha Anne Tynan
Inhibitory Control And Classroom Behavior In Kindergarten Children, Samantha Anne Tynan
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This study examined the association between direct measures of behavioral inhibition (inhibition of prepotent response, motor inhibition, and delayed gratification) and the classroom behavior of kindergarten children. Participants included 5-6 years old kindergarten students (N=64), 35 boys and 29 girls, at two public elementary schools. Behavioral inhibition was assessed with the Night and Day test, Yes or No test, Draw-A-Line-Slowly task and a measure of Delayed Gratification. Classroom behavior was measured using the Teacher-Child Rating Scale 2.1 (T-CRS 2.1). The results showed no significant gender differences in performance on behavioral inhibition tasks or teacher ratings of classroom behavior. Positive correlations …
Understanding The Gendered Self: Implications From Ei Theory, Ei Self, And The Bevi, Christen Pendleton
Understanding The Gendered Self: Implications From Ei Theory, Ei Self, And The Bevi, Christen Pendleton
Dissertations, 2014-2019
The current study focuses on theory, data and analyses from the Forum BEVI Project (www.ibavi.org/content/featured-projects/), a national learning assessment initiative, with a particular emphasis on the “Gender Traditionalism” scale from the Beliefs, Events and Values Inventory (BEVI). Because Gender Traditionalism is central to Equilintegration Theory (EI Theory), the EI Self and the Beliefs Events and Values Inventory (BEVI), issues of definition, measurement and theory are considered with respect to this model, framework and method along with an examination of data and analyses from the BEVI, which are relevant to a deeper understanding of this construct. Results suggest that the EI …
Using Mindfulness To Explore Worldview Perspective And Enhance Intercultural Development, Rebecca J. Heselmeyer
Using Mindfulness To Explore Worldview Perspective And Enhance Intercultural Development, Rebecca J. Heselmeyer
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Multicultural counseling competence is an important part of counselor preparation and continued education. Demographic projections for the United States indicate that the population will continue to grow in diversity in the coming decades, reinforcing the need for counselors to be well trained in multicultural counseling. Research on existing approaches to multicultural counseling training (MCT), meanwhile, has identified effective strategies as well as areas needing refinement. Quality MCT needs to challenge learners to explore their racial identity, confront biases, and reflect on intersections of identities within a greater socio-cultural context, all through a safe environment designed to meet a variety of …
Cracking Invisible Barriers: A Focus On Mental Health Service Use Among Immigrant Latinos In The United States, Evenor Alfonso Aleman
Cracking Invisible Barriers: A Focus On Mental Health Service Use Among Immigrant Latinos In The United States, Evenor Alfonso Aleman
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Rapidly changing demographics often result in disparities in services offered for the population. Increasing Latino presence in many parts of the United States has yet to be recognized when developing adequate mental health care. This is specifically true with those who are less proficient in English. The purpose of this study is to explore the barriers many Latinos face when seeking mental health services. These barriers include sociological, cultural, and organizational factors that have been found to influence the underutilization rates of services by Latinos. By exploring these barriers, potential growth areas in the service provided for Spanish speaking clients …
Sense Of Belonging Among Middle School Students, Alexis Carson
Sense Of Belonging Among Middle School Students, Alexis Carson
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of school belonging among middle school students and contributing factors that may affect their perceptions of belonging. Specific contributing factors that were identified for this project include gender, grade level, GPA, education classification, and socioeconomic status. The participating students were 13 middle school students within a rural community. A 21 item school membership questionnaire adapted from the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (Goodenow, 1993) was used to assess the participant’s perceptions of belonging, rejection and acceptance within their school, as well as their participation in school related extracurricular activities …
Using Microsoft Powerpoint© To Conduct A Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment, Andrew M. Tiry
Using Microsoft Powerpoint© To Conduct A Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment, Andrew M. Tiry
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
There are two categories of preference assessments, indirect (e.g., student and teacher surveys) and direct (e.g., multiple stimulus, multiple stimulus without replacement, paired stimulus and single stimulus) preference assessments. Although indirect assessments are less time consuming, direct assessment methods are better predictors of both preference and reinforcing value. While there is a growing body of research demonstrating the advantages of direct preference assessments, little has been done to incorporate technology efficiently into the preference assessment process. The present study proposed the use of PowerPoint© as a way of use efficiently use technology in the preference assessment process. To validate the …
Auditory Masking In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: An Examination Of The Continuum Of Impulsivity, John Joseph O'Malley
Auditory Masking In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: An Examination Of The Continuum Of Impulsivity, John Joseph O'Malley
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Signal detection theory can measure impulsive behavior. To further examine this paradigm, the researcher attempted to replicate previous findings with more experimental control and examine impulsive behaviors in a putative model of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Four strains of rats attempted to discriminate between the presence and absences of a 3 kHz tone within a 5-6 kHz masker; however, only one rat reached stabilization. To aid in training and reduce difficulty of the task, the researcher presented the rat wit forced-choice trials. Although the additional training increased their variability of correct responses, rats were unable to reach …
How Do We Conceptualize Depression?: A Mixed Methods Study, Mariafé Taeví Panizo
How Do We Conceptualize Depression?: A Mixed Methods Study, Mariafé Taeví Panizo
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Despite being extensively discussed, the concepts of mental disorder in general and depression in particular remain unclear and no consensual definitions are yet established. Empirical research on how professionals and laypeople think about depression also points to tensions and lack of consensus. However, there still remains much work to be done in order to more effectively and clearly elucidate how depression is conceptualized. Specifically, there has not been an in-depth analysis of the beliefs, values, and justification that guide practitioners in their everyday work regarding mental disorders in general and depression in particular. The purpose of the current mixed methods …
Assessing Ethical Reasoning Skills: Initial Validity Evidence For The Ethical Reasoning Identification Test, Kristen Lynn Smith
Assessing Ethical Reasoning Skills: Initial Validity Evidence For The Ethical Reasoning Identification Test, Kristen Lynn Smith
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Employers, policymakers, parents and other stakeholders value ethical reasoning (ER) skills. Thus, to help students actively engage in the ER process, stakeholders at James Madison University (JMU) redefined ER, implemented campus-wide ER interventions, and created the Ethical Reasoning Identification Test (ERIT-1) to measure students’ ability to engage in a lower-level step of the ER process. The current study examined the factor structure and reliability of the ERIT-1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis results provided support for a unidimensional factor structure, meaning stakeholders can report and analyze total scores for the ERIT-1. ERIT-1 scores also demonstrated good reliability. Correlation analyses provided initial external …
Investigating The Discrepancies Between Student Perceptions And Faculty Expectations Of Graduate-Level Statistics Preparation, Devon Hopkins Whetstone
Investigating The Discrepancies Between Student Perceptions And Faculty Expectations Of Graduate-Level Statistics Preparation, Devon Hopkins Whetstone
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
This study investigated the discrepancies between students’ perceived preparation for graduate-level study in statistics and faculty expected levels of preparation for incoming graduate students. Two 25-item surveys on a 6 point Likert scale were developed and administered to a faculty sample and a student sample for comparison. Overall results showed that students’ perceived level of preparation were equal to faculty expected levels of preparation with respect to statistical knowledge. That is, both groups endorsed the middle of the scale indicating that students generally felt somewhat prepared for graduate-level statistics and faculty generally expected students to feel somewhat prepared for their …
Serving Those Who Served: Understanding The Needs Of Student Veterans, Jessica Catherine Hayden
Serving Those Who Served: Understanding The Needs Of Student Veterans, Jessica Catherine Hayden
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Following the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill), higher education witnessed a nationwide influx of student veterans. In the last decade, this population has continued to gain significant momentum as a result of the educational benefits offered to service members and their families within the Post-9/11 GI Bill of 2008. James Madison University recognized this growing trend and researched how to best serve the academic and personal needs of the student veteran community by conducting a needs assessment. The data from the needs assessment and literature from several university veteran taskforces were reviewed and used to develop program recommendations …
Embracing Counseling And Psychotherapy In Kenya, Faith Mueni Masambia
Embracing Counseling And Psychotherapy In Kenya, Faith Mueni Masambia
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
This paper looks at the status of mental health in Kenya with specific focus on counseling and psychotherapy. It looks at the history of counseling and psychotherapy in Kenya, counselor educations programs, accreditation, licensure and certification, current counseling and psychotherapy theories, processes and trends, and research and supervision. Its purpose is to examine how counseling and psychotherapy is developing in Kenya. It explores how Western methods of psychotherapy are being incorporated in treatment of individuals with mental illness. It also looks at possible ways in which traditional methods of healing can be incorporated into the treatment of mental illness. This …
The Treatment Of Missing Data When Estimating Student Growth With Pre-Post Educational Accountability Data, Jason P. Kopp
The Treatment Of Missing Data When Estimating Student Growth With Pre-Post Educational Accountability Data, Jason P. Kopp
Dissertations, 2014-2019
To ensure program quality and meet accountability mandates, it is becoming increasingly important for educational institutions to show “value-added” for attending students. Value-added is often evidenced by some form of pre-post assessment, where a change in scores on a construct of interest is considered indicative of student growth. Although missing data is a common problem for these pre-post designs, missingness is rarely addressed and cases with missing data are often listwise deleted. The current study examined the mechanism underlying, and bias resulting from, missingness due to posttest nonattendance in a higher-education accountability testing context. Although data were missing for some …
The Effects Of Chronic, Partial Sleep Deprivation On Risk-Taking Behavior In Rats, Ashley Marie Shemery
The Effects Of Chronic, Partial Sleep Deprivation On Risk-Taking Behavior In Rats, Ashley Marie Shemery
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The effects of sleep deprivation on risk-taking behavior have been minimally investigated, observing only the effects of total sleep deprivation in human models. Additionally, the research has shown mixed results. In a chronically sleep deprived society where many people (e.g. military, medical doctors) require rapid decision making to ensure the safety and welfare of others, it is of interest to investigate the effects of chronic partial sleep deprivation on risk-taking behavior in a rodent model. The current study examined the effects of 5 days of partial sleep deprivation on risk-taking behavior in Wistar Han rats as measured by the Rodent …
The Effects Of A Social-Emotional Skills Training Program On Optimism In Elementary Students, Jessica Sheree Harris
The Effects Of A Social-Emotional Skills Training Program On Optimism In Elementary Students, Jessica Sheree Harris
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Research has supported the impact of social-emotional skills on learning and on a student’s ability to access classroom instruction, including the presence of a positive association between optimism and academic success. Students with disabilities are likely to experience high levels of negative experiences in school during social interactions and academic instruction. This study endeavored to build upon the previous research supporting the benefits of administering the Strong Kids curriculum in addition to specifically assessing the utility of the program’s use by teachers working with students with learning disabilities. However, this study was not implemented as originally proposed with fewer sessions …
Psychosocial Needs Of Children Coping With Parental Terminal Cancer In A Hospital Setting, Meredith Reed
Psychosocial Needs Of Children Coping With Parental Terminal Cancer In A Hospital Setting, Meredith Reed
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Cancer rates in the United States continue to be staggering. It is also heartbreaking to note that many of the adults confronting cancer are also parents of children. Parental terminal cancer poses a threat to the psychological well being of the entire family. Children are at a significantly higher risk for developing psychological disorders if their psychosocial needs are not met during this crucial time. Communication is vital in assisting children with their reactions to the illness and impending loss. Research has shown that communication between family members, especially with children, and also between medical professionals and families can often …
Back To Nature: The Impact Of Nature Relatedness On Empathy And Narcissism In The Millennial Generation, Anne Loyer Metz
Back To Nature: The Impact Of Nature Relatedness On Empathy And Narcissism In The Millennial Generation, Anne Loyer Metz
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Social science research suggests that the current generation of college students is quite different from previous cohorts of undergraduates. In particular, researchers have discovered that college students, known as “Millennials,” demonstrate lower levels of empathy, higher levels of narcissism, increased use of technology, and decreased time spent outdoors. As counselors working with Millennials, large scale dispositional changes may impact the overall functioning of these individuals. This quantitative study of 140 undergraduates explores the relationship between the constructs of empathy, narcissism, and nature-relatedness among the Millennial generation. Data analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between nature relatedness and …
Training Graduate Clinicians To Implement Speech Language Pathology, Occupational Therapy And Applied Behavior Analysis Goals In Their Treatment Sessions, Heather B. White
Training Graduate Clinicians To Implement Speech Language Pathology, Occupational Therapy And Applied Behavior Analysis Goals In Their Treatment Sessions, Heather B. White
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Past literature indicates an interest in collaborative treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and names several therapeutic interventions. Effective treatments include Occupational Therapy, Speech Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis. All three fields value best practice and, with differing perceptions and emphasizes, translate evidence into clinical practice. The current investigation used scientific literature and interdisciplinary collaboration to train graduate students from each field to integrate techniques from the other two fields into their own, supervised treatment sessions. Training was introduced serially across participants in a concurrent multiple baseline design. Instruction, rehearsal, modeling and feedback were used in training. …
Effect Of Temporal Parameters On The Perception Of Foreign Accent In Synthesized Speech, Ashley Assgari
Effect Of Temporal Parameters On The Perception Of Foreign Accent In Synthesized Speech, Ashley Assgari
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Previous research investigating the parameters that affect accent have concentrated mainly on talker characteristics (e.g Flege, 1988). Those studies that do attempt to investigate acoustic parameters rely on post-hoc analysis of signals already judged to be accented. Any acoustic differences between these signals are said to be the basis of accent judgments. The current investigation attempts to rectify this methodological flaw by manipulating acoustic parameter previously implicated in perceived foreign accent within synthesized speech. In a two experiment study we investigate the effect of consonant duration and consonant initial frequency (Experiment 1) along with voice onset time, vowel duration and …