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Articles 1 - 30 of 139
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Transformation Of Social Work In Ukraine Before And During The War, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk, Kathleen J. Farkas
The Transformation Of Social Work In Ukraine Before And During The War, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk, Kathleen J. Farkas
Faculty Scholarship
Background: This article aims to review the development of the social work profession in Ukraine and to describe the impact of social, economic and political changes on social work practices and education. Methods: A comprehensive literature review and participant observation methods informed this study. A case study of a Polish community’s response to Ukrainian war refugees illustrates how social workers might capitalize on current social structures to continue strengthening civil society in Ukraine. Findings and Discussion: Social Work, focusing on the fit between person and environment, is shaped by knowledge, culture and belief systems. Ukraine’s history and transition from communist/centralized …
[Discussions] Vol. 19 Iss. 1
Discussions
This issue of Discussions was published for the Spring 2023 cycle.
U.S. Public Equity Esg Fund Composite And Parnassus Core Equity Fund: Performance And Factor Attribution, Karthik Nemani, Barrett Buhler
U.S. Public Equity Esg Fund Composite And Parnassus Core Equity Fund: Performance And Factor Attribution, Karthik Nemani, Barrett Buhler
Discussions
This is the first paper to examine all U.S. public equity Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) funds offered by the Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment’s (SIF) institutional member firms from 2005 to 2020. For ease of communication, this will be called the ESG Composite. With a Net Asset Value (NAV) over $150 billion, these funds comprise nearly half of the U.S. public equity ESG investment landscape. The article finds that the ESG Composite maintains performance with the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 total return index on an overall returns basis with lower volatility, indicating greater risk-adjusted returns. Factor analysis …
Review Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Trauma-Focused Treatment Among Patients With Psychosis, Mary Eggers
Review Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Trauma-Focused Treatment Among Patients With Psychosis, Mary Eggers
Discussions
Among people who experience psychosis, many have comorbid post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is frequently undiagnosed and untreated. Symptoms have long-term implications, such as hallucinations, posttraumatic intrusions, and an increased risk of physical health conditions, like heart disease and respiratory issues. Many clinicians believe that diagnosing and treating PTSD in this population will be dangerous, so these patients are often excluded from trauma-focused treatment based on their psychosis symptoms. This paper will review current data regarding the rates of undiagnosed PTSD among this population as well as the safety and efficacy of treatment options. PubMed was used to identify …
Using Multiple Lenses To See An Invisible Group, Kathleen J. Farkas, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk
Using Multiple Lenses To See An Invisible Group, Kathleen J. Farkas, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk
Faculty Scholarship
Social work in Poland and in the United States shares the values of human dignity and self-determination, but there are often value conflicts in terms of how various groups experience social roles and social expectations. This paper explores the use of multiple lenses to understand the past and current conditions for LGBT+ people in Poland. An international, university-level collaboration uses a framework of “invisible groups” to highlight the needs of those who are on the margins of society and whose human and individual rights are suppressed. The article reviews the results of a recently published on-line survey of LGBT+ populations …
Teaching Spatial Data Analysis: A Case Study With Recommendations, Duncan J. Mayer, Robert L. Fischer
Teaching Spatial Data Analysis: A Case Study With Recommendations, Duncan J. Mayer, Robert L. Fischer
Faculty Scholarship
Learning from data is a valuable skill for nonprofit professionals and researchers. Often, data have a spatial component, and data relevant to the nonprofit sector are no exception. Understanding spatial aspects of the nonprofit sector may provide immense value to social entrepreneurs, funders, and policy makers, by guiding programmatic decisions, facilitating resource allocation, and development policy. As a result, spatial thinking has become an essential component of critical thinking and decision making among nonprofit professionals. The goal of this case study is to support and encourage instruction of spatial data analysis and spatial thinking in nonprofit studies. The case study …
Bullying Victimization And Perpetration: Some Answers And More Questions, Dexter R. Voisin, David B. Miller
Bullying Victimization And Perpetration: Some Answers And More Questions, Dexter R. Voisin, David B. Miller
Faculty Scholarship
The U.S. government has defined bullying victimization as “any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated”.1 Conceptualizations of bullying and the use of the term vary by audience and context. For instance, for some, bullying behaviors might include acts of aggression or violence, whereas for others bullying might center on name-calling, exclusionary social practices or even spreading rumors and vicious lies.2
Can I Count On You? Social Support, Depression And Suicide Risk, Christiana Silva, Christopher Mcgovern, Stephanie Gomez, Eleanor Beale, James Overholser
Can I Count On You? Social Support, Depression And Suicide Risk, Christiana Silva, Christopher Mcgovern, Stephanie Gomez, Eleanor Beale, James Overholser
Student Scholarship
Objectives: Interpersonal factors play an important role in the etiology and treatment of depression. Social support derives from compassionate words and helpful actions provided by family, friends or a significant other. The present study was designed to examine various sources of social support as they relate to the severity of depressive symptoms, hopelessness and suicide risk in adult psychiatric outpatients. Method: Participants were recruited through mental health clinics at a veteran's affairs medical centre. A total of 96 depressed patients were assessed using a diagnostic interview and self-report measures of depression severity, hopelessness and social support. Among these depressed adults, …
Self-Beliefs, Transactive Memory Systems, And Collective Identification In Teams: Articulating The Socio-Cognitive Underpinnings Of Cohumain, Gabriela Cuconato
Self-Beliefs, Transactive Memory Systems, And Collective Identification In Teams: Articulating The Socio-Cognitive Underpinnings Of Cohumain, Gabriela Cuconato
Student Scholarship
Socio-cognitive theory conceptualizes individual contributors as both enactors of cognitive processes and targets of a social context's determinative influences. The present research investigates how contributors’ metacognition or self-beliefs, combine with others’ views of themselves to inform collective team states related to learning about other agents (i.e., transactive memory systems) and forming social attachments with other agents (i.e., collective team identification), both important teamwork states that have implications for team collective intelligence. We test the predictions in a longitudinal study with 78 teams. Additionally, we provide interview data from industry experts in human–artificial intelligence teams. Our findings contribute to an emerging …
Using The Hands To Learn About The Brain: Testing Action-Based Instruction In Brain Anatomy, Fey Parrill
Using The Hands To Learn About The Brain: Testing Action-Based Instruction In Brain Anatomy, Fey Parrill
Faculty Scholarship
Brain anatomy is typically taught using static images. We asked participants to use their own hands to represent the brain and perform gestures during learning. We measured learning via a pretest/postest design. We compared five video trainings in which participants heard similar audio and repeated terminology aloud. Conditions were: (1) Image: Participants saw images of a physical model of the brain. (2) Physical model: Participants saw hands pointing to the physical model. (3) Physical model + action: Participants performed actions on the physical model. (4) Hand model: Participants saw images of hands being used to represent the brain. (5) Hand …
Exploring Niche Alteration In Nonprofit Organizations, Duncan J. Mayer, Robert L. Fischer
Exploring Niche Alteration In Nonprofit Organizations, Duncan J. Mayer, Robert L. Fischer
Faculty Scholarship
The organizational niche is a concept integral to organizational ecology, reflecting an organization’s mission, expertise, capacity, and resource requirements. The choice of niche is crucial to the viability of the organization; however, the reasons organizations alter their niche are poorly understood. We hypothesize that nonprofit organizations alter their niche to reduce environmental pressure and gain access to resources. The results indicate that niche alteration predicts increases in total revenue with average increases in revenue from program services and contributions (depending on the measure). Additionally, nonprofits that are younger, larger, and have more concentrated revenue, are more likely to alter their …
The Relationship Between Religion, Substance Misuse, And Mental Health Among Black Youth, Dexter R. Voisin
The Relationship Between Religion, Substance Misuse, And Mental Health Among Black Youth, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
Studies suggest that religion is a protective factor for substance misuse and mental health concerns among Black/African American youth despite reported declines in their religious involvement. However, few studies have investigated the associations among religion, substance misuse, and mental health among Black youth. Informed by Critical Race Theory, we evaluated the correlations between gender, depression, substance misuse, and unprotected sex on mental health. Using multiple linear regression, we assessed self-reported measures of drug use and sex, condom use, belief in God, and religiosity on mental health among a sample of Black youth (N = 638) living in a large midwestern …
Public-Private Partnership (P3) Success: Critical Success Factors For Local Government Services And Infrastructure Delivery, Antonio M. Lopez, George M. Marakas
Public-Private Partnership (P3) Success: Critical Success Factors For Local Government Services And Infrastructure Delivery, Antonio M. Lopez, George M. Marakas
Engaged Management ReView
The Public-Private Partnership (P3) approach is a viable option to address the slow growth and burgeoning need to deliver infrastructure projects and services by state and local governments. This study focuses on identifying critical success factors (CSF) that influence the success of P3s for local government service and infrastructure delivery. A framework is presented for integrating relationship and project management CSFs identified from previous literature into P3s. In addition, public agency entrepreneurial orientation is introduced as a potential CSF – a focus that has been absent in previous P3 CSF literature. To empirically assess the influence of these CSFs on …
Social Capital And The Nonprofit Infrastructure; An Ecological Study Of Child Maltreatment, Duncan J. Mayer
Social Capital And The Nonprofit Infrastructure; An Ecological Study Of Child Maltreatment, Duncan J. Mayer
Student Scholarship
Child maltreatment is a significant social problem that responds to neighborhood conditions, including disorder and support. Using administrative sources with the census response rate and geocoded nonprofit tax forms in a cross-sectional ecological design (N = 443), this article explores two understudied supportive factors in neighborhoods: aggregate social capital and nonprofit organizations. A series of Poisson models show aggregate social capital and nonprofit density are negatively related to child maltreatment rates, while the relationship between social capital and child maltreatment rates varies by the number of nonprofits present in the neighborhood. The results provide new insights into the ecology of …
Competency-Based Social Work Education: 25 Years Of Innovation & Leadership, Zoë Breen Wood, Marjorie N. Edguer, David L. Hussey, Mark Chupp, Grover C. Gilmore, Paul M. Kubek
Competency-Based Social Work Education: 25 Years Of Innovation & Leadership, Zoë Breen Wood, Marjorie N. Edguer, David L. Hussey, Mark Chupp, Grover C. Gilmore, Paul M. Kubek
Faculty Scholarship
The white paper chronicles the 25-year history of one graduate school of social work’s efforts in competency-based curriculum innovation. The authors argue that curriculum change is organizational change and share their experiences with a variety of curriculum assessment, design, and delivery efforts. Beginning with the development of the first social work competencies (labeled Abilities), pioneering efforts in assessment and holistic curricular design and delivery are reviewed. A new, one-semester, social work generalist curriculum is introduced. Emphasis is placed on the importance of developing a competency-based curriculum that is integrated both horizontally and vertically and that engages the social work student …
Gendering Cabinet Reshuffles In France And Spain, Karen Beckwith
Gendering Cabinet Reshuffles In France And Spain, Karen Beckwith
Faculty Scholarship
Presidents and prime ministers who form gender-parity cabinets receive positive news coverage and public praise. Cabinet reshuffles, with less attention, may offer scope to decrease the numbers of female ministers. Although research on the gendered impact of reshuffles is sparse, some studies suggest that women’s presence declines during reshuffles. This article explores the gendered dynamics of reshuffles that follow initial gender-parity cabinets, asking whether the reshuffle context affects the proportions of men and women in reorganized cabinet teams. Employing a comparative case study approach, the article analyses initial gender-parity cabinets and subsequent reshuffled cabinets in France and Spain across three …
Mediating Role Of Leadership-Led Change In Adoption Of Waste-To-Energy In Nigeria, Jahan Moghadam, Karen Loch, Kamran Khan Niazi
Mediating Role Of Leadership-Led Change In Adoption Of Waste-To-Energy In Nigeria, Jahan Moghadam, Karen Loch, Kamran Khan Niazi
Engaged Management ReView
The use of renewable energy has increased in the past several years. Innovative forms of sustainable alternative energy production, such as solar and wind, are well-recognized energy sources. This paper reviews waste-to-energy (WtE), an innovative and evolving form of renewable energy, and its possible adoption in Nigeria to address this nation’s energy crisis and pollution problem. The theoretical framework of this paper draws from the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the leadership-led change framework to consider the role of leaders and their influence to adopt WtE. Four factors act as antecedents to the formation of attitudes and subjective norms …
Pathways From Exposure To Community Violence To Bullying Victimization Among African American Adolescents In Chicago’S Southside, Dexter R. Voisin
Pathways From Exposure To Community Violence To Bullying Victimization Among African American Adolescents In Chicago’S Southside, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
The present study proposes and examines the pathways from exposure to community violence to bullying victimization through the influences of depression, exposure to peer delinquency, and drug use among 638 African American adolescents (aged 12–22) from low-resourced neighborhoods in Chicago’s Southside. The study found that African American adolescents who were exposed to community violence were likely at risk of bullying victimization, depression, exposure to peer delinquency, and drug use. Depression can heighten the risk of bullying victimization. These findings have implications for future research.
Visible Or Vanish: Increasing Discoverability And Visibility Of Scholarly Publications, Jacey Kepich, Daniela Solomon
Visible Or Vanish: Increasing Discoverability And Visibility Of Scholarly Publications, Jacey Kepich, Daniela Solomon
Researchers, Instructors, & Staff Scholarship
This presentation explains how to increase the discoverability and visibility of scholarship for music educators. Topics covered include best practices for utilizing keywords in the title, abstract, and article, as well as how to leverage professional networks for sharing.
The Longitudinal Relationship Between Broken Windows And Sexual Behaviors Among African American Girls In Juvenile Detention: The Moderating Effects Of Sexual Sensation Seeking And Parental Monitoring, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
Objective: Broken windows theory has been applied in public health to understand how neighborhood disadvantage contributes to health risk and disparities. This longitudinal study examined the relationship between a broken windows index (i.e., a proxy for neighborhood disadvantage) and sexual behaviors and whether sexual sensation-seeking behaviors and parental monitoring moderated that relationship. Method: Participants were 188 African American adolescent girls incarcerated in a short-term detention facility in Atlanta, GA. Participants completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews at baseline, 3, and 6 months; interviews assessed neighborhood disadvantage, sexual risk behaviors, sexual sensation seeking, parental monitoring, and demographics. Results: Longitudinal findings indicate that the …
Ai-Informed Approaches To Keyword Generation, Text Summarization, And Document Clustering For Improved Resource Discovery, Charlie Harper, Anne Kumer, Shelby Stuart, Evan Meszaros
Ai-Informed Approaches To Keyword Generation, Text Summarization, And Document Clustering For Improved Resource Discovery, Charlie Harper, Anne Kumer, Shelby Stuart, Evan Meszaros
Researchers, Instructors, & Staff Scholarship
Academic and cultural institutions are grappling with problems of how to organize, label, and search disparate bodies of texts. As aggregators, preservers, and disseminators of substantial repositories of digital texts, research libraries are naturally situated at the heart of these problems. This chapter explores how unsupervised machine learning may be used to capture and simplify the complexity and nuances of text. Traditional approaches to improving discoverability and accessibility of text through metadata and controlled vocabularies have time-tested strengths. As the volume of digital data explodes, the obstacles and limitations of traditional approaches become more pronounced, and machine learning “show(s) the …
Observers Use Gesture To Disambiguate Contrastive Expressions Of Preference, Fey Parrill, Grace Moran, Hannah Boylan, Ishita Gupta, Aisha Zamir
Observers Use Gesture To Disambiguate Contrastive Expressions Of Preference, Fey Parrill, Grace Moran, Hannah Boylan, Ishita Gupta, Aisha Zamir
Faculty Scholarship
We present two studies exploring how participants respond when a speaker contrasts two ideas, then expresses an ambiguous preference towards one of them. Study 1 showed that, when reading a speaker’s preference as text, participants tended to choose whatever was said last as matching the speaker’s preference, reflecting the recent-mention bias of anaphora resolution. In Study 2, we asked whether this pattern changed for audio versions of our stimuli. We found that it did not. We then asked whether observers used gesture to disambiguate the speaker’s preference. Participants watched videos in which two statements were spoken. Co-speech gestures were produced …
It's About Time: Emphasizing Temporal Dynamics In Dynamic Personality Regulation, Joshua Wilt
It's About Time: Emphasizing Temporal Dynamics In Dynamic Personality Regulation, Joshua Wilt
Faculty Scholarship
People change over time. These changes are thought to represent some self-regulatory, dynamic processes. However, dynamic processes need to be distinguished from mere stochastic variation. Just as the Brownian motion of a dust mote does not help us understand the basic principles of classical physics, neither does random variation within an individual describe the complexity of self-regulatory processes. This regulation implies solving the problem of competing goals and desires within the constraints of situational presses. And what people feel, think, and do at one moment affects what they feel, think and do in the next moment. Thus, describing and explaining …
Supervision For Advocacy: Supporting Self-Care, Kathleen J. Farkas, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk
Supervision For Advocacy: Supporting Self-Care, Kathleen J. Farkas, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk
Faculty Scholarship
The objective is to examine the intersection of advocacy for social change, the individual’s emotional costs of advocacy, and the use of trauma informed care in supervisory practice to encourage and support advocates and their work. Supervision models exist, but none address the needs of advocates who might become targets for scorn and persecution. The literature on trauma informed care provides a direction to improve the support and supervision of advocates, especially those who use their personal experiences as examples in their work. We reviewed data bases and relevant literature regarding supervision and the principles of trauma informed care. Periodical …
Motivation To Move Out Of The Community As A Moderator Of Bullying Victimization And Delinquent Behavior: Comparing Non-Heterosexual/Cisgender And Heterosexual African American Adolescents In Chicago’S Southside, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
A growing body of research documents that bullying victimization is associated with delinquent behavior. There is an increasing need to better illuminate the factors that might moderate this relationship. This study examined whether the motivation to move out of low-resourced neighborhoods and sexual orientation/gender identity moderated the relationship between bullying victimization and delinquent behavior among a sample of 450 heterosexual and 91 non-heterosexual/cisgender African American youths. Measures considered were bullying victimization, delinquent behavior, sexual orientation/gender identity, motivation to move out, and family demographics. Sexual orientation/gender identity was not associated with youth delinquent behavior after controlling for covariates. Being motivated to …
Supporting Big Data Research At Case Western Reserve University, Jen Green, Ben Gorham, Roger Zender, Lee Zickel, Em Dragowsky
Supporting Big Data Research At Case Western Reserve University, Jen Green, Ben Gorham, Roger Zender, Lee Zickel, Em Dragowsky
Researchers, Instructors, & Staff Scholarship
This report is an investigation of the research practices of faculty and research staff who utilize or support data science or big data methodologies at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). The study was conducted by librarians and library staff within the Kelvin Smith Library (KSL) in collaboration with staff within CWRU University Technology ([U]tech), and was part of national selection of parallel studies occurring at public and private academic institutions throughout North America.
From Exposure To Violence Between Mother And Her Intimate Partner To Suicidality Experienced By Urban Adolescents In Chicago’S Southside, Dexter R. Voisin
From Exposure To Violence Between Mother And Her Intimate Partner To Suicidality Experienced By Urban Adolescents In Chicago’S Southside, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
Although the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence and youths’ psychological and other wellbeing has been widely studied, there is limited research about how youths’ exposure to violence between mother and her intimate partner may be related to youth psychological wellbeing. The study used a sample of urban adolescents in Chicago Southbound to examine whether youths’ exposure to verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner is related to their suicidality and whether youth depression and aggression may be in between such a linkage. Our findings indicated that one-third of the youth had suicidal thoughts or suicidal/self-hurting attempts. Youths’ …
Understanding How Relational Health Effects Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Low-Income, Black, Indigenous, Men Of Color Exposed To Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Exploratory Study, Laura A. Voith, Hyunjune Lee, Katie N. Russell, Amy E. Korsch-Williams
Understanding How Relational Health Effects Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Low-Income, Black, Indigenous, Men Of Color Exposed To Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Exploratory Study, Laura A. Voith, Hyunjune Lee, Katie N. Russell, Amy E. Korsch-Williams
Faculty Scholarship
Relational health has emerged as a consistent factor that can mitigate the effects of trauma among children; however, less is known about relational health with adults, particularly related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among racially and socioeconomically marginalized men. The Exploratory Sequential Design, Taxonomy Development Model was used. Semi-structured interviews (N = 11) and narrative analysis were conducted in Phase I. In Phase II, variables approximating the key themes that emerged in Phase I were selected from an existing dataset (N = 67), and relationships were examined using bivariate associations. The sample consisted of low-income Black, Indigenous, men of …
American Perspectives On Suicidality Among Men In Poland, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk, Kathleen J. Farkas
American Perspectives On Suicidality Among Men In Poland, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk, Kathleen J. Farkas
Faculty Scholarship
This article examines sociological, psychological, and suicidological research on the determinants of male suicide to explore the fact that Polish men complete suicide 7.4 times more than women, a frequency twice as high as in the US. This paper is based upon an examination of relevant literature and statistical databases. A keyword search was completed in both Polish and English language databases. Ideals of masculinity and negative social attitudes towards a non-binary view of gender may increase stressors and discourage men in Poland from revealing their problems while seeking support, explaining the high rates of suicide completion among Polish men. …
Examining The Causal Impact Of Prenatal Home Visiting On Birth Outcomes: A Propensity Score Analysis, Elizabeth R. Anthony, Robert L. Fischer
Examining The Causal Impact Of Prenatal Home Visiting On Birth Outcomes: A Propensity Score Analysis, Elizabeth R. Anthony, Robert L. Fischer
Faculty Scholarship
Objectives: In Ohio, African American babies die at 2.5–3 times the rate of White babies. Preterm birth and low birth weight are the leading causes of infant mortality. Home visiting is an evidence-based strategy for serving low-income pregnant women; however, there are relatively few rigorous studies examining its effect on birth outcomes. Methods: This study uses a propensity score technique to estimate the causal effect of participation in home visiting on prematurity and low birth weight among a low-income, predominantly African American sample (N = 26,814). Results: We found that participation in home visiting significantly reduced the odds of experiencing …