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Articles 31 - 60 of 517
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
State School Finance In The Mountain West, 2019, Kristian Thymianos, Ally M. Beckwith, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
State School Finance In The Mountain West, 2019, Kristian Thymianos, Ally M. Beckwith, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
K-12 Education
This fact sheet examines K-12 school finance indicators drawing from an original report by Albert Shanker Institute and Rutgers University Graduate School of Education. These indicators show whether states are funding school districts to national standards. This fact sheet examines state-level data for the Mountain West (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) from the State School Finance Profiles report for the 2018-2019 school year.
Credit Scoring Duality, Pamela Foohey, Sara Sternberg Greene
Credit Scoring Duality, Pamela Foohey, Sara Sternberg Greene
Scholarly Works
Credit scoring is central to people’s financial growth and prosperity or financial decline and stagnation. People with a good credit score and accompanying credit report can buy opportunities to advance economically. The benefits they reap from their attractiveness to lenders and employers helps feed their future success. In contrast, people with a fair or poor credit score become stuck in cycle of high interest rates and costly loan terms, large required down payments, and denied applications for rentals, cell phone plans, and employment. Employers, service providers, lenders, and alternative financial service providers have begun to use alternative credit scoring models, …
Save To Win: Using Contests To Promote Savings, Bryan Mccannon, Zachary Rodriguez, Roman Sheremeta
Save To Win: Using Contests To Promote Savings, Bryan Mccannon, Zachary Rodriguez, Roman Sheremeta
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
We ask whether linking savings accounts to contests can promote saving. We do this by offering contest-linked accounts to individuals in rural Uganda where poverty is a serious problem. Our design builds off of results in experimental economics documenting excessive competitiveness in contests, with the goal of harnessing this behavior for the good. We find that, properly designed, we encourage savings beyond both pre-treatment levels and the control group. We explore reasonable heterogeneous treatment effects and document long lasting impacts on wealth.
Virtual Versus Face-To-Face Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Of Depression: Meta-Analytic Test Of A Noninferiority Hypothesis And Men’S Mental Health Inequities, Carly M. Charron, Kevin M. Gorey
Virtual Versus Face-To-Face Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Of Depression: Meta-Analytic Test Of A Noninferiority Hypothesis And Men’S Mental Health Inequities, Carly M. Charron, Kevin M. Gorey
Social Work Publications
Global rates of depression have increased significantly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how the recent shift of many mental health services to virtual platforms has impacted service users, especially for the male population which are significantly more likely to complete suicide than women. This paper presents the findings of a rapid meta-analytic research synthesis of 17 randomized controlled trials on the relative efficacy of virtual versus traditional face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in mitigating symptoms of depression. Participants’ aggregated depression scores were compared upon completion of the therapy (posttest) and longest follow-up measurement. The results …
Reclaiming Safety: Participatory Research, Community Perspectives, And Possibilities For Transformation, Janet Moore
Reclaiming Safety: Participatory Research, Community Perspectives, And Possibilities For Transformation, Janet Moore
Faculty Articles and Other Publications
This paper offers the first known interdisciplinary, community-based participatory research study to focus directly on two questions that have drawn increased attention in the wake of global protests over racialized police violence: 1) What is the definition of safety? and 2) How can safety be made equally accessible to all? The study is part of a larger project that was co-designed by community members and academic researchers. The project aimed to strengthen local justice reform efforts by adding new data literacy skills to existing community-organizing capacity among Black residents of the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area. Community-led roundtable discussions offered community …
Social And Cultural Considerations In Accessing Mental Health Treatment In The Gambia, West Africa, Safiya Njai
Social And Cultural Considerations In Accessing Mental Health Treatment In The Gambia, West Africa, Safiya Njai
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
This study examines the social and cultural considerations in accessing mental health treatment in The Gambia, West Africa. Participants were recruited from The Gambia for a qualitative study that included semistructured interviews (N = 17). A team of analysts identified five themes. The results highlighted social and cultural conceptualizations of mental health and mental illness, sociocultural determinants of health, interventions, barriers to care, and the legal framework to support mental health change. These findings are important for counselors to understand different perceptions of mental health and mental illness and the associated stigma. Furthermore, several opportunities for advocacy in The Gambia …
Unmet Healthcare Need Due To Cost Concerns Among U.S. Transgender And Gender-Expansive Adults: Results From A National Survey, Luisa Kcomt, Kevin M. Gorey, Betty Jo Barrett, Dana S. Levin, Jill Grant, Sean Esteban Mccabe
Unmet Healthcare Need Due To Cost Concerns Among U.S. Transgender And Gender-Expansive Adults: Results From A National Survey, Luisa Kcomt, Kevin M. Gorey, Betty Jo Barrett, Dana S. Levin, Jill Grant, Sean Esteban Mccabe
Social Work Publications
This study examines past-year unmet healthcare need due to cost experienced by transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) adults in the United States in the context of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). It also aims to estimate the importance of having health insurance among TGE Americans (transgender men, transgender women, nonbinary/genderqueer people, and cross-dressers). Data were from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (N ¼ 19,157 adults, aged 25 to 64 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) of TGE individuals’ past-year unmet healthcare need due to …
Poverty In A North American Context, Nathanael Snow, Benjamin Pettus
Poverty In A North American Context, Nathanael Snow, Benjamin Pettus
White Papers
From the Introduction
Understanding the impact of poverty can be aided by careful measurement. Statisticians and economists, both within the government and in the private sector, collect and analyze such statistics.
Disagreement about the interpretation of those figures can make it difficult for most people to know how they should respond to specific cases of poverty they encounter. For a meaningful discussion to take place, the existing understanding should be presented. This report summarizes the existing research on poverty and provides the interested reader with resources to continue learning about the topic. This report does not offer policy advice or …
Examining And Evaluating The Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (Mepi) In The Philippine Household Context, Anna Katrina R. Ignacio, Maria Sofia Lei P. Puncia, Arlene B. Inocencio, Marites M. Tiongco, Mitzie Irene P. Conchada, Alellie B. Sobrevinas, Rens Adrian T. Calub
Examining And Evaluating The Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (Mepi) In The Philippine Household Context, Anna Katrina R. Ignacio, Maria Sofia Lei P. Puncia, Arlene B. Inocencio, Marites M. Tiongco, Mitzie Irene P. Conchada, Alellie B. Sobrevinas, Rens Adrian T. Calub
Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)
Energy poverty refers to insufficient energy consumption to meet one’s basic needs. Measuring energy poverty is a vital calculation for a household assessment concerning accessibility of energy, affordability of energy prices, usage of energy resources, and sufficiency of energy consumption. Previous literature has extensively used the multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) to analyze the lack of access to modern energy services, including energy poverty intensity and incidence, and provide a framework for government policymaking. However, there is a variation between countries on how MEPI energy deprivation factors affect household welfare. This study aims to determine more accurate measures of household …
Understanding Poverty: Food Insecurity In Gettysburg, Pa, Fiona G. Cheyney
Understanding Poverty: Food Insecurity In Gettysburg, Pa, Fiona G. Cheyney
Student Publications
This study informs on Gettysburgians’ experiences with health, nutrition, and the class structure. I conducted an ethnographic study based on a twelve-week volunteer experience with the food pantry in Gettysburg at the Adams County branch of South Central Community Action Programs. Experiencing the pantry for a 3-month period informed my understanding of nutrition and poverty in town. Extensive field notes and reflections were compiled to show the strength of the Gettysburg food pantry staff and community support system. This study also reflects on the limitations of the food pantry based on staff feedback and observation. The food pantry is much …
Financial Stress In Mountain West Cities And Townships, 2020, Saha Salahi, Kristian Thymianos, Eshaan Vakil, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
Financial Stress In Mountain West Cities And Townships, 2020, Saha Salahi, Kristian Thymianos, Eshaan Vakil, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
Economic Development & Workforce
This factsheet highlights financial stressors facing 16 cities in four Mountain West states: Arizona, Colorado Nevada, and New Mexico. The data included are reported in the 2020 “SmartAsset Study” by Ben Geier.
Cash Transfers And Temptation Goods: An Analysis On The Impact Of Cash Transfers On Poor Households’ Consumption Of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages In The Philippines, Janelle S. Tiu, Vince Eisen C. Yao
Cash Transfers And Temptation Goods: An Analysis On The Impact Of Cash Transfers On Poor Households’ Consumption Of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages In The Philippines, Janelle S. Tiu, Vince Eisen C. Yao
Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)
Sugar intake has been increasing globally and locally for individuals. Meanwhile, Philippine institutions continue to provide cash transfers (CTs) to poor households. Past literature found varying results of the impact of transfers on expenditure, consumption, and temptation goods. Most studies focused on alcohol and tobacco consumption and neglected the impact of cash transfers on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Thus, this paper used propensity score matching and average treatment effects on the treated (ATET) evaluation method to compare the consumption of poor households with transfers to their consumption if they had not received cash transfers and determine the characteristics …
Mapping Religion, Space, And Economic Outcomes In Indian Cities, Vamsi Vakulabharanam, Sripad Motiram
Mapping Religion, Space, And Economic Outcomes In Indian Cities, Vamsi Vakulabharanam, Sripad Motiram
PERI Working Papers
We deploy a socio-spatial approach and use a spatially representative survey that we conducted in Hyderabad and Mumbai to analyze the relation between city space and religion. After documenting the relative status of religious groups in urban India and different types of cities using secondary databases, we identify poor-ghettos and elite-enclaves in Hyderabad and Mumbai. In both cities, ghettos have a high proportion of Muslims, while enclaves are dominated by non-Muslim inhabitants. Ghettoization of Muslims is far more pronounced in Hyderabad than in Mumbai. A key finding on the relation between city space and religion is that compared to segregated …
Believing In The American Dream Sustains Negative Attitudes Toward Those In Poverty, Crystal L. Hoyt, Jeni L. Burnette, Rachel B. Forsyth, Mitchell Parry, Brenten H. Deshields
Believing In The American Dream Sustains Negative Attitudes Toward Those In Poverty, Crystal L. Hoyt, Jeni L. Burnette, Rachel B. Forsyth, Mitchell Parry, Brenten H. Deshields
Psychology Faculty Publications
A critical lever in the fight against poverty is to improve attitudes toward those living in poverty. Attempting to understand the factors that impact these attitudes, we ask: Does believing that meritocracy exists (descriptive meritocracy) sustain negative attitudes? Using cross-sectional (N = 301) and experimental (N = 439) methods, we found that belief in the United States as a meritocracy is associated with blaming people living in poverty and predicts negative attitudes toward them. Replicating and extending these findings, we experimentally manipulated beliefs in meritocracy and blame. Weakening American Dream beliefs predicted improved attitudes toward those in poverty. Understanding the …
The Child Population In The Mountain West, Marie A. Falcone, Eshaan Vakil, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
The Child Population In The Mountain West, Marie A. Falcone, Eshaan Vakil, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
Demography
This fact sheet focuses on the demographics of the child population (under 18 years old) in the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah from 2010 to 2019. Most Mountain West states demonstrate a substantial decline in their child populations during this time period; causing considerable impacts on the future workforce. The child populations in these states are dominated by children of color, most of whom are living in high levels of poverty.
Cognition In Context: Pathways And Compound Risk In A Sample Of Us Non-Hispanic Whites, Jennifer W. Robinette, Jason D. Boardman
Cognition In Context: Pathways And Compound Risk In A Sample Of Us Non-Hispanic Whites, Jennifer W. Robinette, Jason D. Boardman
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
The population of individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia is growing rapidly, necessitating etiological investigation. It is clear that individual differences in cognition later in life have both genetic and multi-level environmental correlates. Despite significant recent progress in cellular and molecular research, the exact mechanisms linking genes, brains, and cognition remain elusive. In relation to cognition, it is unlikely that genetic and environmental risk factors function in a vacuum, but rather interact and cluster together. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether aspects of individual socioeconomic status (SES) explain the cognitive genotype-phenotype association, and whether neighborhood SES …
The Microfinance Experiment: An Evaluation Of Programs And Effectiveness In St. Louis, Maxwell Miller
The Microfinance Experiment: An Evaluation Of Programs And Effectiveness In St. Louis, Maxwell Miller
Honors Scholar Theses
Widespread poverty remains a reality for many in both developed and developing countries. Policymakers, charitable organizations, and entrepreneurs have introduced diverse strategies to provide individuals and communities opportunities to rise from poverty. One such method is microfinance, a system developed by Muhammad Yunus in the early 1970s to provide small loans and financial services to borrowers too impoverished or otherwise lacking in credibility or collateral to be considered by traditional means of credit.
Since its inception, microfinance has spread among other countries to mixed success. While many researchers claim microfinance has proven to be an effective tool to combat poverty, …
The Underlying Implications Of Chronic Poverty: Investigating The Exponential Increase In Suicides From 2001-2017 Among African American Female Teenagers, Kevin Adarell Johnson
The Underlying Implications Of Chronic Poverty: Investigating The Exponential Increase In Suicides From 2001-2017 Among African American Female Teenagers, Kevin Adarell Johnson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to investigate and ascribe meaning to the lived experiences of African American females and examine plausible circumstances that could cause an exponential increase in suicides among teenagers from 2001-2017. The theories that guided this study were Albert Bandura’s (2018) social cognitive theory (SCT) and Icek Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB). TPB is a model used to predict and explain behaviors based on an individual’s attitude and intentions toward the behavior. When TPB is interwoven with SCT, the theories helped interpret influences that explained the participants’ perspectives, thoughts, and behavior that could …
Economic Stress Among Low Income Latino Adolescent Fathers: An Application Of The Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model, Diana Cedeño, Autumn M. Bermea, Heidi Adams Rueda, Michelle L. Toews
Economic Stress Among Low Income Latino Adolescent Fathers: An Application Of The Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model, Diana Cedeño, Autumn M. Bermea, Heidi Adams Rueda, Michelle L. Toews
Social Work Faculty Publications
Latino youth are more likely to live under the poverty line and to become adolescent parents. Although research exists examining adolescent mothers, less is known about adolescent fathers, particularly Latino adolescent fathers. Much of what does exist uses a deficit lens, as opposed to one of strength and resilience. Although adolescent fathers sometimes do struggle in their transition to fatherhood, it is critical to understand the positive ways in which they adapt. The present study uses in-depth interviews and applies the vulnerability-stress-adaptation (VSA) model to understand parental adaptation processes among a sample of low-income Latino adolescent fathers (N = …
Poverty And Homelessness: History, Contributing Factors, Modern Reality And Misconceptions, Personal Narratives, And Community Impact, Makaella Caruth
Poverty And Homelessness: History, Contributing Factors, Modern Reality And Misconceptions, Personal Narratives, And Community Impact, Makaella Caruth
Honors Projects
This paper provides tangible explanations and evidence as to the severity of poverty and homelessness. It utilizes national and local research, interviews with local organizations and programs, and personal experience doing outreach. Homelessness is a complex social issue stemming from how society was built and how it is regulated, which systemically outcasts those who are facing adversity. Many people are unaware of the realities of poverty and homelessness, especially with the power given to stereotypes and preconceived notions. These misconceptions need to be broken and there must be a more unified approach developed in order to overcome them, which involves …
Small Farm Households' Vulnerabilities In South Cotabato, Philippines, Rosalina Palanca-Tan, Leonora F. Gio
Small Farm Households' Vulnerabilities In South Cotabato, Philippines, Rosalina Palanca-Tan, Leonora F. Gio
Economics Department Faculty Publications
Low-productivity subsistence agriculture still prevails in many areas in the Philippines such as in the Municipality of Lake Sebu in the Province of South Cotabato in Mindanao. This study employs primary data collection methods; namely key informant interview (KII); focus group discussion (FGD) and a household survey to assess the conditions and problems constraining farming households in Lake Sebu. The study finds that constraints on sourcing and financing of farm inputs and on marketing of produce have perpetuated the dominating role of middlemen in agricultural financing and marketing that result in high input prices and low farm-gate output prices; and …
Examining The Impact Of Socioeconomic Variables On Covid-19 Death Rates At The State Level, James L. Doti
Examining The Impact Of Socioeconomic Variables On Covid-19 Death Rates At The State Level, James L. Doti
Economics Faculty Articles and Research
This study uses a step-wise regression model to identify the socioeconomic variables most significant in explaining COVID-19 death rates on a state-level basis. The regression tests cover the 1/1/2020 to 12/1/2020 period as well as the first and second halves of 2020. This study also uses the Oxford stringency index to measure more precisely the efficacy of governmental mandates at the state level. The results in this study rigorously showed that while the density variables were the most significant explanatory variables during the first half of the year, their significance fell during the second half. Use of the Oxford stringency …
Law Library Blog (March 2021): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Law Library Blog (March 2021): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Law Library Newsletters/Blog
No abstract provided.
Child Obesity Moderates The Association Between Poverty And Academic Achievement, Ashley W. Kranjac, Dinko Kranjac
Child Obesity Moderates The Association Between Poverty And Academic Achievement, Ashley W. Kranjac, Dinko Kranjac
Sociology Faculty Articles and Research
Childhood overweight and obesity are major public health problems in the United States. Children who experience poverty are 1.5 times more likely to suffer with overweight and 1.6 times more likely to have obesity. The extent to which overweight or obesity exacerbates the negative influence of socioeconomic inequality on child academic outcomes has not yet been examined. We estimated the effect of poverty on math and reading achievement trajectories using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) Kindergarten class of 1998−1999 survey data and multilevel growth curve modeling techniques. Our findings indicate that the impact of obesity status is more pronounced …
Examining Chronic And Transient Poverty Using The Community-Based Monitoring System System (Cbms) Data, Alellie B. Sobreviñas
Examining Chronic And Transient Poverty Using The Community-Based Monitoring System System (Cbms) Data, Alellie B. Sobreviñas
Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)
With poverty reduction as the government’s primary goal, monitoring the poverty situation of households is deemed necessary. In the Philippines, several local government units (LGUs) have adopted the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) as a local poverty-monitoring tool. This study used the constructed CBMS panel data for the municipality of Orion in Bataan province consisting of 4,299 panel households (for the period 2006, 2009, and 2012) to identify chronic and transient poor households.
Planting The Seeds: Orchestral Music Education As A Context For Fostering Growth Mindsets, Steven J. Holochwost, Judith Hill Bose, Elizabeth Stuk, Eleanor D. Brown, Kate E. Anderson, Dennie Palmer Wolf
Planting The Seeds: Orchestral Music Education As A Context For Fostering Growth Mindsets, Steven J. Holochwost, Judith Hill Bose, Elizabeth Stuk, Eleanor D. Brown, Kate E. Anderson, Dennie Palmer Wolf
Psychology Faculty Publications
Growth mindset is an important aspect of children's socioemotional development and is subject to change due to environmental influence. Orchestral music education may function as a fertile context in which to promote growth mindset; however, this education is not widely available to children facing economic hardship. This study examined whether participation in a program of orchestral music education was associated with higher levels of overall growth mindset and greater change in levels of musical growth mindset among children placed at risk by poverty. After at least 2 years of orchestral participation, students reported significantly higher levels of overall growth mindset …
Parental Buffering In The Context Of Poverty: Positive Parenting Behaviors Differentiate Young Children's Stress Reactivity Profiles, Samantha M. Brown, Lisa J. Schlueter, Eliana Hurwich-Reiss, Julia Dmitrieva, Elly Miles, Sarah Enos Watamura
Parental Buffering In The Context Of Poverty: Positive Parenting Behaviors Differentiate Young Children's Stress Reactivity Profiles, Samantha M. Brown, Lisa J. Schlueter, Eliana Hurwich-Reiss, Julia Dmitrieva, Elly Miles, Sarah Enos Watamura
Psychology: Faculty Scholarship
Experiencing poverty increases vulnerability for dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and compromises long-term health. Positive parenting buffers children from HPA axis reactivity, yet this has primarily been documented among families not experiencing poverty. We tested the theorized power of positive parenting in 124 parent–child dyads recruited from Early Head Start (Mage = 25.21 months) by examining child cortisol trajectories using five samples collected across a standardized stress paradigm. Piecewise latent growth models revealed that positive parenting buffered children's stress responses when controlling for time of day, last stress task completed, and demographics. Positive parenting also interacted with income such that …
Achieving The Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence From The Longitudinal Parenting Across Cultures Project, Jennifer E. Lansford, W. Andrew Rothenberg, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Kenneth A. Dodge, Sevtap Gurdal, Qin Liu, Qian Long, Patrick S. Malone, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, Laurence Steinberg
Achieving The Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence From The Longitudinal Parenting Across Cultures Project, Jennifer E. Lansford, W. Andrew Rothenberg, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Kenneth A. Dodge, Sevtap Gurdal, Qin Liu, Qian Long, Patrick S. Malone, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, Laurence Steinberg
Psychology Department Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Rwanda’S Coffee Industry: Colonialism And The Impact Of Fair Trade Coffee, Sydney Daniels
Rwanda’S Coffee Industry: Colonialism And The Impact Of Fair Trade Coffee, Sydney Daniels
Oswald Research and Creativity Competition
Undoubtedly, coffee is a treasured commodity shared by people across the globe. One country where coffee takes a particular importance is in Rwanda, a land-locked country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Historical evidence suggests that colonization centered on gaining access to the economic rents produced by the coffee agricultural sector which deepened Rwandan economic and social divides. Following the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, the national coffee industry was restructured to transition to premium, Fair Trade grade coffee. An increase in the number of coffee cooperatives provided opportunities for decreasing ethnic tension and for women to join the labor force. However, the economic impact …
The Racial Reckoning Of Public Interest Law, Shaun Ossei-Owusu, Atinuke Adediran
The Racial Reckoning Of Public Interest Law, Shaun Ossei-Owusu, Atinuke Adediran
All Faculty Scholarship
This Essay contends that segments of public interest law often get a pass on questions of race because it is a field of law that is genuinely concerned with marginalized communities. But the historical record, the dearth of empirical data on race, the homogeneity of the legal profession, and the recognition that no one is necessarily immune from racial biases all demand that the public interest bar reckon with its racial character. The racial oversights of public interest law can manifest themselves in hiring, staffing, organizational mission, leadership, and the actual delivery of legal services. We argue that a racial …