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Critique [Of From The Ground Up: Multiethnic Literature In The Humanities Curriculum By Margaret Bedrosian], Cortland P. Auser
Critique [Of From The Ground Up: Multiethnic Literature In The Humanities Curriculum By Margaret Bedrosian], Cortland P. Auser
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The thesis of "From the Ground Up . . ." may be characterized as optimistic, imaginative, and inspirational, viewing as it does the extended role of multiethnic literature in humanities curricula. Unless a humane community, or even a sense of community, as envisioned, is built, the viability of America as a pluralistic nation is very much at risk. Placing the beginning of building such a realization of a "sense of community" upon the individual's responsible actions resulting from the reflection and decision well justifies the title Bedrosian selected.
Critique [Of From The Ground Up: Multiethnic Literature In The Humanities Curriculum By Margaret Bedrosian], Jim Schnell
Critique [Of From The Ground Up: Multiethnic Literature In The Humanities Curriculum By Margaret Bedrosian], Jim Schnell
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Bedrosian presents an interesting discussion on spiritual dismemberment and a series of subjects which are related to this concept. As a researcher in crosscultural communication, I find the article to be relevant, not only with multi-ethnic literature, but with human communication processes as well.
Critique [Of Identity As Theory And Method For Ethnic Studies By John Hatfield], Barbara Hiura
Critique [Of Identity As Theory And Method For Ethnic Studies By John Hatfield], Barbara Hiura
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Ethnic Studies is generally viewed as a minor program in the academy, lacking research philosophy and methodology. Consequently, scholars who attempt research concerning peoples of color focus on the "group": their social history, migration patterns, political and economic development, educational attainment, and lifestyle. Social science disciplinary guidelines are the usual framework. John Hatfield's "Identity as Theory and Method for Ethnic Studies" provides a basis for truly understanding ethnicity.
Critique [Of Identity As Theory And Method For Ethnic Studies By John Hatfield], Neil Nakadate
Critique [Of Identity As Theory And Method For Ethnic Studies By John Hatfield], Neil Nakadate
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
John Hatfield's discussion of identity and ethnicity in an increasingly wider, abstract, and problematical context is an extended definition of the current dilemma. I suspect Hatfield intends to offer an essentially optimistic statement, but for many readers questions and doubts may remain, if not predominate.
Critique [Of Identity As Theory And Method For Ethnic Studies By John Hatfield], Jonathan Majak
Critique [Of Identity As Theory And Method For Ethnic Studies By John Hatfield], Jonathan Majak
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
To be human is to have an identity. Indeed, it is what ethnicity is about. However, as a theoretical or methodological prescription for ethnic studies, as advocated by Hatfield, identity is inadequate even within the categories he has specified. Hatfield seems to be asking theoretical analysts to do what artists, novelists, and philosophers do best because they explore the existential and phenomenological aspects of ethnic identity in depth and usually with greater authenticity. This does not mean that there is no need for self-discovery and understanding in ethnic studies. There are equally pressing non-identity issues with which ethnic studies must …
Critique [Of Female Power, Ethnicity, And Aging By Linda M. C. Abbott], Faye Pauli Whitaker
Critique [Of Female Power, Ethnicity, And Aging By Linda M. C. Abbott], Faye Pauli Whitaker
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
"Female Power, Ethnicity, and Aging" will surely be of interest to readers of this journal. Scholars in ethnic and women's studies have, no doubt, considered at one time or another the impact of ethnicity and age on the power of women in our culture and have a sense of the negative influence of these factors on women who as a group have marginal status in our power structures. So it is that we are anxious to have our sense of these relationships documented in some way or to have the philosophical implications of the intersections of these factors explored and …
Critique [Of Female Power, Ethnicity, And Aging By Linda M. C. Abbott], Lillian H. Jones
Critique [Of Female Power, Ethnicity, And Aging By Linda M. C. Abbott], Lillian H. Jones
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Analyzing the variety of ways in which socio-economic phenomena interact with socio-biological phenomena in women's and men's lives is a complex business. Abbott's essay is to be applauded, therefore, in that it directs attention to a subject often treated superficially, if not more frequently ignored.
Critique [Of Reclaiming The Subject: Italian Women Self-Defined By Chris Ruggiero], Gloria Eive
Critique [Of Reclaiming The Subject: Italian Women Self-Defined By Chris Ruggiero], Gloria Eive
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Ruggiero's stated purpose is ". . . to expose . . . the mythology which surrounds the image of Italian American women . . ." through studies of Italian American women and the Italian American family in a "feminist framework." These new studies would offer "feminist method and content" and new, unconventional methodologies would provide a "female corrective" to the "masculinist bias [found in] traditional ethnic studies scholarship." Ruggiero's motives are laudable, but she fails to clarify either the "masculinist," "sex-typed" view point she criticizes or the new "feminist" methodology she advocates. A "selected review" of "traditional literature" she offers …
Critique [Of Reclaiming The Subject: Italian Women Self-Defined By Chris Ruggiero], Gloria Lothrop
Critique [Of Reclaiming The Subject: Italian Women Self-Defined By Chris Ruggiero], Gloria Lothrop
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The results of the 1980 United States census indicate that about twelve million persons were reported as being partly or solely of Italian ancestry. One in twenty people in the United States or 5.4 percent of the total U.S. population claims Italian descent, representing the sixth largest group in the United States.
Critique [Of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications For Human Service Practitioners By Jesse M. Vazquez], James H. Williams
Critique [Of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications For Human Service Practitioners By Jesse M. Vazquez], James H. Williams
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Vazquez's psychosocial model for understanding ethnicity and the ethnic process in American society and how this model could be used by practitioners and researchers to further expand their own work is noble. Vazquez fulfilled his purpose. However, the underlying assumption is somewhat misleading, i.e., practitioners and researchers, generally, are not employing the ethnic matrix model. Vazquez states that the absence of ethnic content and concern with ethnic issues in professional training programs was seriously questioned.
Critique [Of Self-Evaluation Of Black And White College Students By Keith D. Parker], Lena Solis
Critique [Of Self-Evaluation Of Black And White College Students By Keith D. Parker], Lena Solis
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
"Self-Evaluation of Black and White College Students" presents informative results of a study concluding that blacks have higher self-esteem than whites at one Southern university. Although self-esteem in blacks at the university under study may be higher than that of whites, the same is not the case in elementary school districts throughout the Los Angeles Basin in Southern California.
Critique [Of Self-Evaluation Of Black And White College Students By Keith D. Parker], Homer D.C. Garcia
Critique [Of Self-Evaluation Of Black And White College Students By Keith D. Parker], Homer D.C. Garcia
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The article by Keith D. Parker raises interesting theoretical and methodological questions, but this review focuses on the latter. The author is correct in his critical assessment of black self-esteem research (BSER) methodology. Projective measures have been used in most cases and questions have been raised regarding the validity of such self-esteem measures and therefore about the believability of BSER findings.[1] In addition, blacks and whites tested have not been representative of the general black or white communities of the United States, yet inferences to and comparisons of the populations have been made. Finally, studies have employed non-multivariate statistical techniques …
Critique [Of Puerto Ricans: White Or Non- White? By Robert A. Martinez], Terry Simmons
Critique [Of Puerto Ricans: White Or Non- White? By Robert A. Martinez], Terry Simmons
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
When the first Dutch missionaries reached the far shores of Java, they heard rumors of a recently captured large white monkey being held in a remote village. By the time the missionaries reached the village, however, the mysterious monkey had vanished. They found only the post where it had been tied. Chiseled in stone nearby in Latin, English and Dutch were these words: "Help! I am a Dutch sailor."
Critique [Of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications For Human Service Practitioners By Jesse M. Vazquez], Albert F. Inclan
Critique [Of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications For Human Service Practitioners By Jesse M. Vazquez], Albert F. Inclan
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Vazquez brings to the fore a number of elements which should be of concern to educators as well as counselors today. His article is primarily concerned with the intertwining of cultures in the United States as ethnic minority groups increase in numbers.
Critique [Of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications For Human Service Practitioners By Jesse M. Vazquez], Russell Endo
Critique [Of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications For Human Service Practitioners By Jesse M. Vazquez], Russell Endo
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The main subject of Jesse Vazquez's article is clearly the ethnic matrix, although several related issues are also covered. While any of the latter could be discussed here, my comments will focus on the matrix itself.
Critique [Of Puerto Ricans: White Or Non- White? By Robert A. Martinez], Barbara L. Hiura
Critique [Of Puerto Ricans: White Or Non- White? By Robert A. Martinez], Barbara L. Hiura
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Race, class and identity -- key ethnic issues of the 1980s -- have been analyzed from various disciplinary perspectives, and Martinez's article is a contribution to the growing number of written assessments concerning racism and classism in the United States. His research explores the psychological and social perceptions of color, race, identity, and class among Puerto Ricans living in the United States and in Puerto Rico.
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], A. William Hoglund
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], A. William Hoglund
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Stasiulis's two-part essay offers a critique of the policies on immigration and racism pursued by the Canadian government during the past decade or so. While the government's multicultural institutions seek to ameliorate racism, its immigration agencies get blamed for intensifying the problem. The latter agencies are better supported than the former which are on the "fringes of state power," and, according to the author, have little chance of changing immigration policies.
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], Vagn K. Hansen
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], Vagn K. Hansen
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Conservative-directed change is a time honored feature of Canadian politics. Canada's elites have long recognized that self-interest may be served most effectively by accepting the inevitability of change and working to mitigate its effects rather than by seeking to block change entirely. In her illuminating article, Stasiulis holds that the development of racial policies of the Canadian state has been controlled by elites seeking to preserve their own dominance by simultaneously following policies of repression and responsiveness: bringing public attention to the problems confronted by minority groups in the Canadian society and attaching the legitimacy that accompanies expression of government …
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], Delo E. Washington
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], Delo E. Washington
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Stasiulis has not only entered a great debate but has sought to order it. The interconnections between Canada's recent policies on multiculturalism, immigration, and the efforts to implement the two are the reference points around which that debate is centered. The possibilities for racism, however, need to be made more clear by the author. Scholars can make significant contributions in this regard by investigating what seems to be unrelated programs and practices. Since practices are tied to the same policies, an identifiable theoretical perspective is proposed as the leverage for yielding insights about relationships between people and things that would …
Critique [Of Between Shadow And Rock: The Woman In Armenian American Literature By Margaret Bedrosian], Joe Rodriguez
Critique [Of Between Shadow And Rock: The Woman In Armenian American Literature By Margaret Bedrosian], Joe Rodriguez
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
"Between Shadow and Rock . . ." discusses how this ethnic literature reflects the place of women in Armenian American society. Few works are published by Armenian women. When women appear in Armenian novels of fathers and sons, they are often foils or narrowly portrayed in terms of stereotypes (e.g. loving mother, dutiful wife). Various themes recur in this ethnic genre: political upheaval and violence, the loss of homeland and the stress of immigration to the United States. Such themes call attention to the subordinate position of Armenian American women and their limited scope in society. Male characters expect women …
Critique [Of Between Shadow And Rock: The Woman In Armenian American Literature By Margaret Bedrosian], Orville W. Taylor
Critique [Of Between Shadow And Rock: The Woman In Armenian American Literature By Margaret Bedrosian], Orville W. Taylor
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This is a generally competent and perceptive analysis of the stated topic by a writer who is certainly a feminist and evidently an Armenian American woman herself. The basic theme of the paper, to quote the writer, is that "nowhere in Armenian American writing do we find a detailed and sustained reflection of a three-dimensional Armenian woman," and that on the whole this is due to "the unleavened state of [Armenian American] literature in general." She reaches these conclusions through examination of recent Armenian American writing, most of it by men -- to whom, not incidentally, she primarily attributes the …
Critique [Of Between Shadow And Rock: The Woman In Armenian American Literature By Margaret Bedrosian], Linda M.C. Abbott
Critique [Of Between Shadow And Rock: The Woman In Armenian American Literature By Margaret Bedrosian], Linda M.C. Abbott
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Female characters, drawn from a sampling of Armenian American writing, are examined for clues to the breadth of their individual and group experience in this brief literature review. The author early concludes that the range of experience and personality available for examination in such an overview is extremely limited. The bulk of the review is then given to a presentation of possible historical and cultural explanations for the typical flat, narrow, and slightly negative portrayal.
Critique [Of Cultural Differences In American And Southeast Asian Children's Psychosocial Development By Jacqueline Ulmen Zbaracki], Alice Deck
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Zbaracki's thought provoking discussion suggests one way in which the Southeast Asian, now American, community can enhance our understanding of a world view entirely different from our own and the ways in which it is taught. Their insistence on keeping the young baby, toddler, and pre-schooler in the company of affectionate adults demonstrates their belief in human beings as integral members of a community (or extended family group) first and foremost. Familial bonds in a foreign setting such as the American Mid-west could be seen as one way to give new born children a sense of an ethnic self esteem, …
Critique [Of Cultural Differences In American And Southeast Asian Children's Psychosocial Development By Jacqueline Ulmen Zbaracki], Dennis Stewart
Critique [Of Cultural Differences In American And Southeast Asian Children's Psychosocial Development By Jacqueline Ulmen Zbaracki], Dennis Stewart
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Zbaracki's article is a pleasure to read because its style reflects the major theme of comparing the childrearing practices of two cultures. It is informative enough in detail to relate directly to the supportive literature. The author clearly shows her concern for the issues she raises and her empathy and dedication to her colleagues and the Southeast Asians with whom she works. She states her objective for the article and smoothly pleads her case for the need to understand the problems refugee Southeast Asians face in rearing their children in a strange land filled with strange faces and strange customs.
Critique [Of A.K.A. Pablo: Mexican American Images For Television By Norman L. Friedman], Mary Beth Haralovich
Critique [Of A.K.A. Pablo: Mexican American Images For Television By Norman L. Friedman], Mary Beth Haralovich
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Norman Friedman's analysis of the short-lived sitcom, a.k.a. Pablo, raises many issues about the role of television in social life and the limited access of minorities to representation on television and to the decision-making processes of television programming. As his content analysis implicitly shows, the "situations" and the comedy of this sitcom were defined, set in motion, and revolved around various positions of Mexican Americans in relation to white culture and society. Pablo's Mexican jokes and flagrant stereotypical traits allowed him access to the world of show business and at the same time disturbed the self-perceptions and cultural pride of …
Critique [Of Depictions Of Elderly Blacks In American Literature By Alice A. Deck], Neil Nakadate
Critique [Of Depictions Of Elderly Blacks In American Literature By Alice A. Deck], Neil Nakadate
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
"Depictions of Elderly Blacks in American Literature" is more suggestive than satisfying. It offers a useful introduction to its topic, but could have attempted either a more extensive catalog of elderly blacks in a wider range of American literature or a deeper and more thorough reading of a specific period or group of writers.
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], Luis L. Pinto
Critique [Of Racism And The Canadian State By Daiva K. Stasiulis], Luis L. Pinto
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The value of "Racism and the Canadian State" is its tragic reminder that injustice is alive and flourishing in Canada as well as the United States and elsewhere. Stasiulis presents an interesting and perceptive analysis of the practices of official discourse of different Canadian institutions which have brought about a new level of "race onsciousness [consciousness]." She deals effectively with the measures taken by the federal government, within the past five years, to confront the social problems and demands of visible minorities in Canadian society.
Critique [Of A.K.A. Pablo: Mexican American Images For Television By Norman L. Friedman], Charles L. P. Silet
Critique [Of A.K.A. Pablo: Mexican American Images For Television By Norman L. Friedman], Charles L. P. Silet
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
There is no question that the television show a.k.a. Pablo was an important media event for the Mexican American community. All such prime time shows which deal with ethnic groups highlight minority problems and give visibility to peoples otherwise not dealt with in the mass media. Whether or not such shows create as many stereotypes as they dispel is another matter altogether.
Critique [Of Depictions Of Elderly Blacks In American Literature By Alice A. Deck], Helen Maclam
Critique [Of Depictions Of Elderly Blacks In American Literature By Alice A. Deck], Helen Maclam
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Although Deck concludes that no consistent image of elderly Afroamericans dominates in American literature, she has clearly demonstrated a dichotomy between black and white authors in its portrayal. This dichotomy might well be termed white myth versus black experience, and it is illustrated by the contrast between Uncle Remus and Uncle Julius. In her discussion of both characters, Deck has pointed out that critical distinction between structure, i.e., the "outer frame," and content, i.e., authentic Afroamerican folklore. Deck states that the legends told by Uncle Remus reflect a black world view. They were not, however, perceived as such until recently …
Critique [Of Depictions Of Elderly Blacks In American Literature By Alice A. Deck], Terry Simmons
Critique [Of Depictions Of Elderly Blacks In American Literature By Alice A. Deck], Terry Simmons
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Deck's critical essay is a thoughtful and welcome commentary on the interrelationship between age, generational conflict and changing social standards as portrayed in literature about or by American blacks. The author discusses several important ways in which elderly are represented as mythic figures who embody personal experiential wisdom and a community's cultural and historical heritage; as advisors, story tellers or sages who have acquired an air of reverence, the ability to endure and the means to impart the wisdom of the ages, and as the sometimes difficult, infirm or hostile representatives of another generation who would impose different, if not …