Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Accommodative Strategies In Nigerian Federalism Since Independence, Ozy B. Orluwene Jp

Dr Ozy B.Orluwene,JP

Abstract This paper primarily illustrates how the practice of federalism in Nigeria has made her an epitome and pioneer of federalism in Africa in the use of power sharing mechanism and practice to promote inter- ethnic inclusiveness or discourage sectional imbalance and bias in decision making processes. This practice of federalism in Nigeria has also validated the idea that federalism is adopted with a view to ensuring unity of the people and faith in their father-land so as to further the end of liberty, equality and justice in the country. This observation has led us to conclude that it is …

Corruption, Governance And Political Instability In Nigeria, Omololu Toluwanimi Omololu

Omololu Michael FAGBADEBO

The Nigerian State is a victim of high-level corruption, bad governance, political instability and a cyclical legitimacy crisis. Consequently, national development is retarded, and the political environment uncertain. The country’s authoritarian leadership faced a legitimacy crisis, political intrigues, in an ethnically - differentiated polity, where ethnic competition for resources drove much of the pervasive corruption and profligacy. While the political gladiators constantly manipulated the people and the political processes to advance their own selfish agenda, the society remained pauperized, and the people wallowed in abject poverty. This invariably led to weak legitimacy, as the citizens lacked faith in their political …

Construir, Destruir Y Escribir La Ciudad: Iglesia, Industria Y Guerra En Querétaro (1839-1881), Alexander Montoya Prada

Alexander Montoya Prada

A mediados del siglo XIX en la ciudad mexicana de Querétaro, las fábricas de Cayetano Rubio, el proceso de desamortización de bienes de la Iglesia y el sitio militar de 1867 contra las tropas del emperador Maximiliano, cambiaron su paisaje urbano y la forma en que lo vivían e interpretaban los lugareños y visitantes. La industria, la iglesia y la guerra, se constituían en tres dimensiones fundamentales de la historia y la vida de la ciudad, que son tratadas en la “Guía del viajero en Querétaro. Apuntes históricos, geográficos y estadísticos de la ciudad”, escrita por Celestino Díaz. Sobre este …

R&D Policy In The United States: The Promotion Of Nanotechnology, Philip Shapira, Jue Wang

Philip Shapira

This case study reviews the evolution of nanotechnology policies and programmes in the United States with a particular focus on three thematic areas: governance, interactions among R&D policies, and interaction between R&D policy and non-R&D policies. Federal R&D policy in nanotechnology has moved through several stages, including initial exploration before the 1980s, the promotion of scientific and technological breakthroughs in the 1980s, policy development in the 1990s and multiagency national initiatives in the 2000s. Since 2001, the major federal R&D policy mechanism in nanotechnology in the US has been the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). NNI promotes policy deliberation and, most …

Fringe Candidates Can Change Perceptions Of Centrist Candidates, Renan Levine

Renan Levine

Two experiments demonstrate that adding an extreme third candidate to the choice set causes perceptions of the nearest candidate to appear more centrist. This change in perceptions is large enough to cause this candidate to appear closer to many voters. causal mechanism driving the shift in perceptions is attributed to information about the range of possible values provided by the extreme candidate. This is consistent with “range effects” identified by Parducci (1965) and used to explain behavior in a wide variety of other contexts. In politics, range effects may help a major party candidate win the median voter when an …

El Desafío Político De Gobernar La Ciudad, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Las ciudades latinoamericanas están cambiando. De la «ciudad frontera», con una lógica de urbanización basada en la expansión de las periferias y la metropolización industrial, se ha pasado a una «ciudad en red», resultado de la globalización, la reforma del Estado y los cambios demográficos. En este nuevo contexto, se perciben en la región dos modelos políticos de gobierno de la ciudad: el de la ciudad empresarial privada, que recurre al mercado para inyectarle eficiencia a la gestión urbana, y el de la ciudad inclusiva, basada en una revalorización del espacio público y la promoción de derechos. La exitosa experiencia …

Widespread Economic Doubts, Julio J. Prado

Julio J Prado

Many people think –perhaps with just reason- that the economy is a boring theoretical science, and that it does not have its feet upon the ground. In order to try to change that perception, we are going to propound for ourselves some day to day questions, to which we can provide an answer (to the extent possible) with a bit of economic “logic”.

Dudas Económicas Existenciales, Julio J. Prado

Julio J Prado

Muchas personas creen -con justa razón quizás- que la economía es una ciencia aburrida, teórica y que no tiene los pies en la tierra. Para tratar de cambiar esa percepción, vamos a plantearnos algunas preguntas del día a día, a las que daremos respuesta (en la medida de lo posible) con algo de “lógica” económica.

Perceptions Of Value And Value Beyond Perceptions: Measuring The Quality And Value Of Journal Article Readings, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King

Carol Tenopir

When measuring quality and value of journals, what is being measured, to whom does the value accrue, and why the measurement is being done must be considered. Both implicit and explicit measures of quality and value are possible. Preliminary results of ongoing readership research show that academic library e-journal collections have both purchase and use value to academic faculty. They spend their time reading, read many articles each year, and reading benefits their work in many ways.

The Impact Of Scholarly Communication On Lis Education, Carol Tenopir

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

Anthropology During Wartime, John Fox

John Fox

Op-ed critiquing the ethics of a Pentagon program enlisting anthropologists to serve on "Human Terrain Teams" in army combat units in Afghanistan

The Potential Role Of Probiotics In Reducing Poverty-Associated Infections In Developing Countries, Kingsley C. Anukam

Kingsley C Anukam

Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” [1]. The potential benefits of their use have not been adequately investigated, especially in the developing world. Japan introduced Yakult, a probiotic fermented food drink in 1935, and in the Northern hemisphere, research and use of probiotics has gained an unprecedented momentum in the last decade [2]. Use of probiotics is not uncommon in Europe [3], but in many developing countries use of probiotics in its present definition is a foreign concept. …

The Silent Revolution, Chandan Gowda

Chandan Gowda

No abstract provided.

Managing A Widespread E-Procurement Implementation In Public Healthcare, Tommaso Federici, Andrea Resca

Federici Tommaso

In large parts of Europe, the development of healthcare is subject to contrasting forces. On the one hand, there has been an explosion in spending and, at the same time, governments are faced with strict budget constraints. On the other hand, public healthcare is under pressure to be innovative, technologically advanced and to provide increasingly better quality of services. In this context, eprocurement can be seen as an instrument to offer a solution to the first issue of this dilemma. However, e-procurement initiatives in such domain have not been widely deployed, and most of them have not fully delivered the …

How Service Learning Fosters Synthesis And Prepares Students For Careers, Glenn A. Bowen Phd

Glenn A Bowen PhD

Service learning is aimed primarily at meeting community needs while enriching and enhancing academic course content. Still, service learning contributes to career development in various ways. This article offers an explanation of what service learning is, and how it works, in relation to career development and preparation for the workplace.

New And Dynamic Sectors Of World Trade, Robert C. Shelburne

Robert C. Shelburne

Comments made at a UNCTAD Expert Meeting on New and Dynamic Sectors of World Trade, Geneva, October 2007

Signs Of The Times: Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery, And It Audit, Win Shih, John Cashaw

Win Shih

The rapid evolution of Web technologies and standards has fueled the development of a raft of highly interactive and personalizable Web applications. AJAX (Asynchronous javaScript and XML)-powered and RSS-enabled Web sites, such as Google/IG, Google Map, Start.com from Microsoft, and Flickr.com from Yahoo make Web interfaces out of normally-nonweb-eanbled functionalities as running typical applications on your local PC.

Using similar technologies, we have been exploring the possibilities to a library-based portal that allows users freely configure their customized portal with contents of their choosing. Be this content e-mail, news, weather, blogging, photos, library’s catalog, or any RSS feed from publishers, …

A Monetary Policy Framework For Sudan, Warren Coats

Warren Coats

This short overview of the money supply process and the central bank's control of the money supply is tailored to the situation of Southern Sudan, now the independent country of South Sudan.

Defining A Research Domain In An Emerging Technology: Vaccine Research In The State Of Georgia, Shannon Barker, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira

Philip Shapira

This paper presents an approach for measuring emerging technologies in the context of mature industries. In particular, this article focuses on vaccine-related research. Although vaccines comprise an established industry, new developments in biotechnology have led to emerging area in vaccine R&D, including therapeutic vaccines; subunit and DNA-based vaccines; advances in vaccine delivery; and new methodologies for vaccine design, manufacturing, and testing. Defining this field is challenging because it spans multiple disciplines, including biotechnology, public health, and epidemiology. To gain an understanding of the field as it is related to biomedical research, we focused our study parameters to concentrate on these …

Public Election Funding, Competition, And Candidate Gender, Timothy Werner, Kenneth R. Mayer

Kenneth R Mayer

We analyze the effects of gender and competition on the decision to accept or decline public election funds, in Maine and Arizona since 2000.

Report On The Resolution Of Outstanding Property Claims Between Cuba & The United States, Michael J. Kelly, Patrick J. Borchers, Erika Moreno, Richard C. Witmer, James S. Wunsch, Arthur B. Pearlstein

Michael J. Kelly

This commissioned report to USAID outlines two models for resolution of property claims between Cuba and the United States: (1) a bilateral tribunal that will apply international law for the claims of those who were U.S. nationals at the time of the taking, and (2) a special claims court within the Cuban judiciary that will apply Cuban law based on the Spanish Civil Code for the claims of those who were Cuban nationals at the time of the taking. The report includes a complete audit of FCSC files for American claimants, an extensive review of the property claims systems employed …

Start-Up Commercialisation Strategy And Innovative Dynamics, Joshua S. Gans

Joshua S Gans

This paper endogenises a start-up’s choice between competitive and cooperative commercialisation in a dynamic environment. It is demonstrated that, depending upon firms’ dynamic capabilities, there may or may not be gains to trade between incumbents and start-ups in a cumulative innovation environment; that is, start-ups may not be adequately compensated for losses in future innovative potential. Because of this, there is no clear relationship between observed inter-industry innovation and commercialisation choice unless dynamic capabilities of firms are taken into account. In addition, the analysis demonstrates subtle and novel insights into the relationship between dynamic capabilities and rates of innovation.

Bilateral Bargaining With Externalities, Catherine C. De Fontenay, Joshua S. Gans

Joshua S Gans

This paper provides an analysis of a non-cooperative pairwise bargaining game between agents in a network. We establish that there exists an equilibrium that generates a coalitional bargaining division of the reduced surplus that arises as a result of externalities between agents. That is, we provide a non-cooperative justification for a cooperative division of a non-cooperative surplus. The resulting division is akin to the Myerson-Shapley value with properties that are particularly useful and tractable in applications. We demonstrate this by examining firm-worker negotiations and buyer-seller networks.

Ruling Out The Rule Of Law, Kim Forde-Mazrui

Kim Forde-Mazrui

Although criminal justice scholars continue to debate the overall value of the void-for-vagueness doctrine, broad consensus prevails that requiring crimes to be defined in specific terms reduces law enforcement discretion. A few scholars have questioned this assumption, but the conventional view remains dominant. This Article intends to resolve the question whether the void-for-vagueness doctrine really reduces police discretion. It focuses on traffic enforcement, a context in which laws are both specific and subject to discretionary enforcement. The Article concludes that specific rules do not constrain discretion unless judicial limits are placed either on the scope of activities that may be …

Interrogatorio A La Descentralización Latinoamericana, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

En América Latina, el proceso de descentralización se inició con el quiebre de aguas que significó el retomo a la democracia, producido a fines de la década de los setenta y principios de la de los ochenta. Esto quiere decir que su existencia tiene no menos de 25 años, que nació de la mano de la redemocratización y que, por lo tanto, éste debería ser su signo.

Sin embargo, la descentralización también fue contemporánea de dos procesos simultáneos de reforma del Estado: el uno, de carácter político, que impulsó la llamada gobernabilidad por medio del fortalecimiento del presidencialismo y por …

Transformaciones Urbanas: 25 Años Después, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

En este último cuarto de siglo, en que el Diario Hoy ha sido testigo y actor privilegiado del convivir nacional, se ha producido un cambio estructural en el patrón de urbanización del Ecuador y en el desarrollo urbano de sus ciudades, que se puede caracterizar a través de los siguientes cuatro componentes fundamentales: 1. De rural a urbano 2. De municipio a gobierno local 3. De ciudad periférica a ciudad construida 4. La ciudad: un nuevo contexto

Connecting The Unconnected In Sub-Saharan Africa: Postal Networks Can Leverage Access To Infrastructure Services, Jose Anson

Jose Anson, PhD

With more than 80% of post offices in Sub-Saharan Africa located in small- and medium-sized cities and rural areas, a well-managed postal network, in strong partnership with other providers of infrastructure and network services, could establish itself as a critical link that binds all other networks together, and helps move the "unconnected" out of the poverty trap.

Burnout And The Retirement Decision, Nicole Maestas, Xiaoyan Li

Nicole Maestas

No abstract provided.

Newfound Press: The Digital Imprint Of The University Of Tennessee Libraries, Linda L. Phillips

Linda L. Phillips

The University of Tennessee Libraries launched its digital imprint, Newfound Press, in 2005 to develop a framework for making peer reviewed scholarly and specialized works available worldwide. Building on local digitization investments, Newfound Press has published two monographs, hosts a born–digital journal, and is experimenting with publishing conference proceedings as digital multimedia. Through Newfound Press, the University of Tennessee is promoting open access publishing while resolving issues such as finding sustainable funding, creating a process for peer review “on the fly,” and establishing credibility as a viable scholarly publications venue. If every research library were to provide similar services, access …

Community Feminism And Politics; A Case Study Of Santa Clara County As The Feminist Capital, 1975-2006, Danelle L. Moon

Danelle L. Moon

No abstract provided.