Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Sociology

2003

Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 61 - 90 of 936

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Predictors Of General Medical Use Among Individuals Seeking Therapy For Marital And Family Problems, Jacob D. Christenson Nov 2003

Predictors Of General Medical Use Among Individuals Seeking Therapy For Marital And Family Problems, Jacob D. Christenson

Theses and Dissertations

A number of studies have examined variables associated with medical use. However, most of the studies deal with samples that are not easily generalizable to other populations. In particular, no study is known to have looked at general medical use among people seeking services for marital and family problems. In this study, medical use of participants from the marriage and family therapy services at Brigham Young University Comprehensive Clinic was investigated to determine the best predictors of general medical use. Best subsets multiple linear regression showed that the best overall predictors of general medical use were anxiety and hostility.


The Impact Of Service-Learning On Academic Outcomes: A Statewide Study Of Michigan Learn And Serve Grantees, Stephen Meyer Nov 2003

The Impact Of Service-Learning On Academic Outcomes: A Statewide Study Of Michigan Learn And Serve Grantees, Stephen Meyer

Project Summaries

Service-learning is a teaching strategy that involves students in service projects that are connected to the curriculum. Service-learning has its roots in the ideas of philosophers, such as Piaget and Dewey, who argued that students learn more when they are actively involved in their own learning and when learning has a distinct purpose (Anderson, Kinsley, Negroni, & Price, 1991; Conrad & Hedin, 1991; Kinsley, 1997). A body of evidence is building in support of the positive academic outcomes of service-learning (see Billig, 2000 for a review). However, the conclusions that can be drawn from many of these research studies are …


Wai'anae High School Service-Learning Study, Rmc Research Corporation Nov 2003

Wai'anae High School Service-Learning Study, Rmc Research Corporation

Project Summaries

Located on the leeward coast of the island of O, ahu, Wai' anae High School serves a rural community with the largest population of native Hawaiians in the world. The school also serves a high concentration of students from low-income families and students who receive special education services. The Hawaiian Studies Program (HSP) at Wai'anae High School is a school within a school that began in 1997 with 30 students. During the 2002-2003 school year, the program included 60 students in Grades 10 through 12. The program is open to all students and includes wide racial, ethnic, and academic diversity


Service To Children Through Teaching, School Of Education Nov 2003

Service To Children Through Teaching, School Of Education

Curriculum

This guide features: Lesson Plan for Writing Letter to Military Personnel; Parts of a Friendly Letter; Book for Class to Welcome New Students; Describe Your Teacher; Know Your Town; Care of Classroom Pets; Picnic Game; Positive Characteristics About our Classmates; Teaching Procedures and Practices; and a Service Learning Lesson Plan.


Minding The Gap: An Assessment Of Racial Disparity In Metropolitan Chicago, Center For Urban Research And Learning, The Human Relations Foundation/Jane Addams Policy Initiative Nov 2003

Minding The Gap: An Assessment Of Racial Disparity In Metropolitan Chicago, Center For Urban Research And Learning, The Human Relations Foundation/Jane Addams Policy Initiative

Center for Urban Research and Learning: Publications and Other Works

In cooperation with the Human Relations Foundation of Chicago (HRF), CURL and the Jane Addams Hull House examined inequalities among racial and ethnic groups in Chicago. Drawing from a broad range of existing data sources, researchers documented areas of reduced inequality as well as other areas of persistent inequality.

Minding the Gap: An Assessment of Racial Disparity in Metropolitan Chicago examines seven quality of life measurements: income, wealth and employment, education, housing, transportation, health, the lives of children and the criminal justice system. This report, by examining these seven systems, not just one, creates a unique context for understanding both …


Technology Goes Home Evaluation – Executive Summary, Donna H. Friedman, Michelle Kahan, Tatjana Meschede, Consuela Greene Nov 2003

Technology Goes Home Evaluation – Executive Summary, Donna H. Friedman, Michelle Kahan, Tatjana Meschede, Consuela Greene

Center for Social Policy Publications

Technology Goes Home (TGH) is an innovative program designed to bridge the digital divide by bringing technology into low-income families’ homes. This Boston Digital Bridge Foundation (BDBF) program strives to prepare adults for employment opportunities and to help children improve academic performance by offering computer training and equipment to families in Boston neighborhoods and schools. Classes are offered in groups, with parents and children learning together in order to strengthen families and build community as well as skills. Neighborhood programs are operated in six communities through Neighborhood Technology Collaboratives, coalitions of community-based organizations. These coalitions select participating families, and provide …


Breaking The Silence: Advancing Knowledge About Adoption For Counseling Psychologists, Amanda Baden, Kathy P. Zamostny, Mary O'Leary Wiley, Karen M. O'Brien, Richard M. Lee Nov 2003

Breaking The Silence: Advancing Knowledge About Adoption For Counseling Psychologists, Amanda Baden, Kathy P. Zamostny, Mary O'Leary Wiley, Karen M. O'Brien, Richard M. Lee

Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works

Provides an introduction to the Major Contribution for this issue of Counseling Psychologist. The Major Contribution consists of an overview article describing the practice of adoption and two detailed reviews of recent empirical literature related to adoptive families and transracial adoptees. Given the prevalence of people affected by adoption, the lack of knowledge regarding adoption among researchers and practitioners, the inattention to adoption research by psychology, and the negative myths about and stigma faced by adoptive triad members, the Major Contribution will have the following as its purposes: (a) to increase awareness of the psychological and sociocultural issues involved in …


The Practice Of Adoption: History, Trends, And Social Context, Amanda Baden, Kathy P. Zamostny, Karen M. O'Brien, Mary O'Leary Wiley Nov 2003

The Practice Of Adoption: History, Trends, And Social Context, Amanda Baden, Kathy P. Zamostny, Karen M. O'Brien, Mary O'Leary Wiley

Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works

This article presents an overview of the practice of adoption to counseling psychologists to promote clinical understanding of the adoption experience and to stimulate research on adoption. The article includes definitions of adoption terminology, important historical and legal developments for adoption, a summary of adoption statistics, conceptualizations of adoption experience, themes and trends in adoption outcome research related to adoptees and birthparents, and selected theoretical models of adoption. The importance of considering social context variables in adoption practice and research is emphasized.


The Problem Of Unwanted Pets: A Case Study In How Institutions “Think” About Clients’ Needs, Leslie Irvine Nov 2003

The Problem Of Unwanted Pets: A Case Study In How Institutions “Think” About Clients’ Needs, Leslie Irvine

Pets Collection

The research on organizational framing and the metaphor of institutional “thinking” highlight the ways that social problems organizations shape the ameliorative services they deliver. Social problems work then perpetuates representations of problems that may not match the conditions clients face. This study extends social problems literature to argue that organizations sometimes “think” differently about the problems they intend to solve than do persons involved with these problems in everyday life. Using ethnographic research and interviews, this article contrasts the way in which animal sheltering, as an institution, frames the problem of unwanted animals with how the public interprets that problem. …


Internet Sex Crimes Against Minors: The Response Of Law Enforcement., Janis Wolak, Kimberly J. Mitchell, David Finkelhor Nov 2003

Internet Sex Crimes Against Minors: The Response Of Law Enforcement., Janis Wolak, Kimberly J. Mitchell, David Finkelhor

Crimes Against Children Research Center

The Internet1 and computers have come to play a growing role in sex crimes that are committed against children and youth.2 Since the mid-1990s these developing technologies have posed challenges for law enforcement requiring them to confront situations not anticipated in criminal statutes, master technical advances, develop new investigative techniques, and handle criminal cases that often span multiple jurisdictions. To assist, legislators have acted on a number of fronts creating new statutes that encompass Internet offenses, stiffening penalties, and creating a national clearinghouse for reports of Internet-related crimes against children and the CyberTipline® operated by the National Center for Missing …


Do Asian Men Face Wage Discrimination In The United States?, Marlene Kim Nov 2003

Do Asian Men Face Wage Discrimination In The United States?, Marlene Kim

Institute for Asian American Studies Publications

Currently there is a debate regarding whether Asian men suffer from workplace discrimination on account of their race. The research findings have been mixed. Cabezas and Kawaguchi (1988) found that in the San Francisco Metropolitan Area, both foreign-born and U.S.-born men who were of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and Korean descent earned less than similarly qualified U.S.-born white men, although they did not examine the statistical significance of these findings. Using the same 1980 census data on a national sample of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Asian Indian, and Korean men, Duleep and Sanders (1992) find differences in earnings by race that are …


Frustrated Fertility: Infertility And Psychological Distress Among Women, Julia Mcquillan, Arthur L. Greil, Lynn K. White, Mary Casey Jacob Nov 2003

Frustrated Fertility: Infertility And Psychological Distress Among Women, Julia Mcquillan, Arthur L. Greil, Lynn K. White, Mary Casey Jacob

Bureau of Sociological Research: Faculty Publications

Using a random sample of 580 Midwestern women, we test the hypothesis that women who have experienced infertility report higher psychological distress. Approximately one third of our sample reports having experienced infertility sometime in their lives, although the majority of the infertile now have biological children. Drawing hypotheses from identity and stress theories, we examine whether roles or resources condition the effects of infertility or whether its effects are limited to childless women. Infertility combined with involuntary childlessness (including biological and social) is associated with significantly greater distress. For women in this category, the risk of distress is substantial.


Socio-Economic And Demographic Factors Associated With Injecting Drug Use Among Drug Users In Karachi, Pakistan, A. Agha, S. Parviz, M. Younus, Zafar Fatmi Nov 2003

Socio-Economic And Demographic Factors Associated With Injecting Drug Use Among Drug Users In Karachi, Pakistan, A. Agha, S. Parviz, M. Younus, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To identify the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with injecting drug users (IDUs) in Karachi.

Methods: We recruited 242 IDUs (taking drugs through sub-dermal routes) and 231 non-IDUs (taking drugs other than sub-dermal routes) from February through June 1996. IDUs were interviewed regarding sociodemographic factors, economic condition, and social network (marital status, living with spouse). In addition, information regarding location of drug users within the city (districts of Karachi) and current history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were gathered. Moreover, blood samples were also obtained for HIV testing

.Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the income generation via illegal …


Larger Issues At Stake In Unnatural Sex Debate, Seow Hon Tan Nov 2003

Larger Issues At Stake In Unnatural Sex Debate, Seow Hon Tan

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The recent debate about the criminal prohibition of oral sex provides an occasion for considering larger, related issues. However prevalent the practice of oral sex and however archaic Section 377 of the Penal Code seems to those pushing for its repeal, the arguments offered have tended to take a piecemeal approach and display an ignorance of or disregard for the larger interests at stake.


Hip Hop Posters Pulled For Ushuaia Fundraiser, Angela Flandaca Oct 2003

Hip Hop Posters Pulled For Ushuaia Fundraiser, Angela Flandaca

Social Justice: Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion

Article from the University of Maine student newspaper The Maine Campus regarding the Ushuaia night club's posters promoting the University of Maine Hip Hop Dance Club's fundraiser party, to be held at the Ushuaia, containing images of racist stereotypes.


Ua12/2/1 Homecoming, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 Homecoming, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special edition of the College Heights Herald, includes articles:

  • Sainlar, Lindsay. Haunted Hill
  • McDowell, Dedra. Step Show Returns to Diddle Arena
  • Buckman, Josh. Athletic Hall of Fame Inducts Two New Members – Pete Walters, Gayle Watkins
  • Brueggemann, Alumni Larnelle Harris to Perform Sunday
  • Hockstedler, Robert & Shawnlaye Hopkins. Football Legend Jimmy Feix Earns Another Recognition
  • Fisher, Jill. Researcher Dorris Hutchison Thrilled by Honor
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Former Journalism Head David Whitaker Returns


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 20, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 20, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Gary Ransdell Explains Tuition Increase to Students
  • Reed, Lindsey. Grading Change Concerns Bowling Green Community College
  • Casagrande, Michael. Home & Away – Anthony Oakley, Football
  • Hoang, Mai. Candidates Consider Higher Education – Elections
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Gary Ransdell & Tuition Hike
  • Dawes, Jennifer. Western Not Helping Students Rock the Vote
  • Crews, Whitney & Jason Dudgeon. Garrats’ Ode to Fire – Hell House
  • Hightower, Kyle. High Prices at Garrett Conference Center Not Only Hurt Pockets, But Hungry Tummies, Too – Dining Services
  • Clark, Ashlee. Seizure Claims …


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 19, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 19, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Hoang, Mai. Tuition Increase Common
  • Hoang, Mai. Brand-name Drugs Costly
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Suit Dismissal Sought – Student Life Foundation, Katie Autry
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Visitors Cozy Near Campus – Guest Houses
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Western Construction Slow
  • Herring, Jason. Whatever You Do, Vote
  • Shepherd, Justin. Mistakes Killed My Message
  • Farnham, Beth. A Thought About Hell House Controversy
  • Building Project Move Commendable
  • Gott, Kyle. Vote Ben Chandler, Not Ernie Fletcher
  • Hardin, Adriane. Employment Odyssey Leads to Health Care – Amy Messamore
  • Wilberding, Beth. Former Student John Carpenter to Speak …


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 18, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 18, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Hoang, Mai. Insurance Premiums to Increase 2 Percent
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Western to Control Projects – Construction
  • Hoang, Mai. State May Create University Ethics Code
  • Green, Tavia. Cleazy’s Dream – Todd Claypool, Rappers
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Computer Lab Opening Delayed
  • Butts, Nathaniel. College Heights Herald Wrong About Plus/Minus
  • Heinz, Mark. A Few More Thoughts on Hell House Ads
  • Vena, Allyson. Plus/Minus System Is Going Too Far
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Gary Ransdell as Scrooge T. Duck, Tuition
  • Timing of Tuition Hike Comes Off Shady
  • Shepherd, Justin. Issues with Running of …


Ua12/2/1 Careers, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 Careers, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special edition of the College Heights Herald regarding job searches and employment.

  • McDowell, Dedra. Careers
  • Sainlar, Lindsay. Employers Want Star Qualities
  • Lester, Kevin. Career Services Center Useful for Students
  • Hagan, Laura. 22 Percent of Employers Will Increase Hiring
  • Mason, Kristy. Expo Might Help Freshman
  • Pike, Daniel. Job Search Getting Less Appealing
  • Toone, Stephanie. Applicants Must Start Searches Early


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 17, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 17, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Reed, Lindsey. Student Government Association Steps Up Opposition to Plus/Minus
  • Hoang, Mai. Tuition Hike Likely
  • Schoenbaechler, Danny. Midnight Run
  • Ross, Lisa. Musicians, Artists Entertain at Concert – Tour of Folk Music
  • Hoang, Mai. Faculty, Students Mixed on Proposal – Tuition
  • Reed, Lindsey. Brian Strow Proposes Grading System
  • Plus/Minus System Equals Trouble
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Plus/Minus System
  • Dahl, Suzie. For the Chicago Cubs Fans Out There
  • Gerkins, Kyle. In Support of a Past Letter Writer – Carrie Stewart, Hell House
  • Rosado, Sean. Hell House Ad Was Grossly Misunderstood …


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 16, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 16, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Reed, Lindsey. Student Government Association Votes Against Plus/Minus Grading Plan
  • Hoang, Mai. Regents Will Look at Tuition
  • Schoenbaechler, Danny. Mitch Albom Shares Lessons from Morrie
  • Coffman, Josh. Houses May Need Safety Doors
  • Hoang, Mai. Growth Causes Problems – Master Plan
  • Buckman, Josh. Curse or No Curse, Chicago Cubs Doomed to Be Mediocre
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Plus/Minus Grading
  • Stewart, Carrie. Hell House Ad Irresponsible
  • Hunley, Tom. Decimal Grading Is a More Accurate System
  • Family Enrichment Center. Thanks for Your Help – Delta Gamma
  • Holloway, Darin. Vote Your Head …


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 15, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 15, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Hoang, Mai. Western Asks for Dismissal – Katie Autry
  • Sainlar, Lindsay. Girls’ Fight Club – Self-defense
  • Schoenbaechler, Danny. Author to Speak Tomorrow – Mitch Albom
  • Coffman, Josh. Candidates Duke Out State Issues – Ben Chandler, Ernie Fletcher
  • Hoang, Mai. Western Grads Get Highest Marks – Teacher Education
  • Reed, Lindsay. Lighting Leaves Safe Passages in the Dark – Safety
  • January Term a Pretty Good Deal
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: January Term
  • Ulrich, Jan. Wondering What It Will Take – Nathan Eisert, Suicide
  • Kirby, LaNita. Students Should Take Note – …


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 14, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 14, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Hoang, Mai. Proposed Schedule Would Add 3-Week January Term
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Western Trying to Save Energy
  • Ingersoll, Whitney. Garrett Food Court Swaps Operating Hours
  • Coffman, Josh. City to Host Gubernatorial Debate Tonight – Ernie Fletcher, Ben Chandler
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Free Concert Tonight – Freedom Sings
  • Reed, Lindsey. Dialogue Days Planned for Students, Administrators to Discuss Issues
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Back to the Future – Arnold Schwarzenegger
  • Millspaugh, Phyllis. There Is A Lot More to Examine in the Katie Autry Murder
  • Voting Equals Change, Ask Arnold Schwarzenegger
  • North, …


Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 13, Wku Student Affairs Oct 2003

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 79, No. 13, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

  • Mason, Kristy. Marching to His Own Beat – James Fitzstephens
  • Coffman, Josh. Transpark Could Host a Campus
  • Hardin, Adriane. Golden Girl Graces Campus – Rue McClanahan
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Stephen Soules Gets New Attorneys Appointed – Katie Autry
  • Reed, Lindsey. Student Government Association Forum Planned
  • Clark, Ashlee. Students Encouraged to Vote in Upcoming Election
  • Hopkins, Shawntaye. Second Staff Leadership Institute Offers More Potential
  • Clark, Ashlee. Undeclared Students May Find Answers – Major Fair
  • International Festival Shows Other Side of State
  • Lamar, Mike. Editorial Cartoon re: Mixed Salad
  • Eadens, Adam. Western …


Private Versus Public Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Do Differences In Environmental Quality Exist?, Gaylene Armstrong, Doris Layton Mackenzie Oct 2003

Private Versus Public Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Do Differences In Environmental Quality Exist?, Gaylene Armstrong, Doris Layton Mackenzie

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Expansion in the operation of private sector correctional facilities has sparked a number of debates. A primary concern is that environmental quality for offenders incarcerated in privately operated facilities will be poorer than publicly operated facilities due to the profit motivation of the private sector. This study examined data collected from 48 residential juvenile correctional facilities in 19 states (16 private and 32 public facilities). Self-report surveys, including cognitive assessments of 13 conditions of confinement, were administered to juvenile delinquents (N = 4,121) incarcerated in these facilities. Data from facility records were also incorporated in the analysis. A hierarchical …


Growing Disparities Among Greater Boston Communities During The 1990s, David Terkla Oct 2003

Growing Disparities Among Greater Boston Communities During The 1990s, David Terkla

Economics Faculty Publication Series

During the 1990s, rich communities in the Greater Boston area got richer, and the richest made gains that were proportionally greater than the gains made by those communities only slightly less rich. At the same time, the poorest communities stayed poor, and in fact became more poor in comparison with communities slightly less poor. This dynamic is even more striking when the ten poorest communities are compared and contrasted with the ten wealthiest communities. Census figures show a rapidly expanding differential between the communities of the Greater Boston area. As a commonwealth, we should be considering policies designed to ameliorate …


Md. Service Learning: Classroom Link Weak?, Michelle Galley Oct 2003

Md. Service Learning: Classroom Link Weak?, Michelle Galley

School K-12

Maryland students are mucking out horse stalls, dancing in ballets, answering telephones, and ladling soup for the homeless in order to graduate from high school.

Eleven years after the legislature passed a first-of-its-kind state law requiring all public school students to complete 75 hours of service learning, young people are fulfilling the requirement with varying degrees of success.


Using Polvika's Model To Create A Service-Learning Partnership, Gwendolyn F. Foss, Maria M. Bonaiuto, Z. Sue Johnson, Dee M. Moreland Oct 2003

Using Polvika's Model To Create A Service-Learning Partnership, Gwendolyn F. Foss, Maria M. Bonaiuto, Z. Sue Johnson, Dee M. Moreland

Partnerships/Community

Collaboration can maximize limited resources of universities, school systems, and public health departments by offering learning from experience. Polvika's theoretical model and principles from Community-Campus Partnerships for Health guided development of a service-learning partnership among a university, a county health department, and an alternative school in a large public school district. Of three commonly identified patterns of service-learning, this partnership demonstrated the pattern that equally emphasizes service to a community or agency, and mutual learning by all participants. All organizations in the partnership share a common goal to optimize the health of children in schools, and to provide quality learning …


Student Experiences With Service-Learning In Sport Management, Gregg Bennett Oct 2003

Student Experiences With Service-Learning In Sport Management, Gregg Bennett

Higher Education

Many professors utilize academically-based service-learning in their classes to provide students with an experiential experience. In fact, service-learning has increased in popularity in higher education due mainly to the many perceived benefits of the method. Service-learning is being written about extensively by several authors (Gray, Ondaatje, Fricker, & Geschwind, 2000; Hilosky, Moore, & Reynolds, 2000; Jackowski & Gullion, 1998; Mattson & Shea, 1997; Sutton, 1989; Zlotkowski, 1995), as educators grapple with how to implement this effective means of learning into the curriculum.