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Articles 31 - 56 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le
The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Transmission of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) occurs efficiently and from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore making it highly infectious. As such, social distancing is generally recommended to mitigate the speed of transmission and decrease incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Consistent with other chronic medical conditions, COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting Hispanic/Latinx and black populations. One inherent cultural concept, familism, might also serve to inhibit adherence to social distancing guidelines. Thus, the current study contributes to the growing literature on COVID-19, specifically examining barriers underscoring health disparities. This study evaluated Attitudinal Familism (AFS) and Behavioral Familism (BFS) as predictors of adherence of social …
The Effects Of Social Conformity In Human-Robot Interaction, William Volante
The Effects Of Social Conformity In Human-Robot Interaction, William Volante
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
While previous work has investigated aspects of the robot, the human, and the environment as influential factors in the human-robot relationship, little work has examined the role of social conformity in this relationship. As social conformity has been shown to affect human-human choice, relationships, and trust, there are a-priori reasons to believe that it will play an influential role in human-robot interaction (HRI) scenarios as well. Early research into the influence of social conformity in human-robot interaction (HRI) did not find the effect to be present with robots, however more recent work has adapted the methodological paradigm to find more …
Effort Reward Imbalance In The Nursing Profession - A Novel Way Of Gathering Data, Dorailys Fagundo
Effort Reward Imbalance In The Nursing Profession - A Novel Way Of Gathering Data, Dorailys Fagundo
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The effort-reward imbalance model allows us to see disparity in effort and reward and how this can be a predictor for a variety of constructs. The present study seeks to gather data utilizing the ERI modal in the nursing profession. Previous research has utilized the ERI model but methods for gathering data were not quick and efficient. This study seeks to utilize a database called Glassdoor to rapidly and effectively gather data. The researchers are interested in seeing the likelihood of nurses to recommend their company to a friend based on perceived effort and rewards. The sample included a random …
Emotion Experience To Expression: Influence Of Psychopathy, Expression Suppression, And Working Memory, Keira Monaghan
Emotion Experience To Expression: Influence Of Psychopathy, Expression Suppression, And Working Memory, Keira Monaghan
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The intent of this thesis is to explore the perceived discrepancies between individual scores of psychopathy, particularly the division of primary and secondary psychopathy, and how such scores may moderate the relationship of one's emotional experiences with the corresponding emotional expression. There is evidence to consider that a person's working memory ability and/or volitional suppression of expression may also moderate this relationship and result in constricted emotional expression, a trait often found in primary psychopathy. Undergraduate participants completed the study online, and after exclusions, a final sample size of 126 participants (62.7% women) was used in analyses. An initial linear …
Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein
Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Sexual assault is a prevalent problem for women. As a result of sexual assault, women experience a host of negative psychological consequences such as posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. While some survivors label their sexual assault experience as such (i.e., are acknowledged survivors), other survivors do not and use other terms (e.g., a miscommunication). The effect of acknowledgement of sexual assault on post-assault outcomes has yielded mixed findings: some find that unacknowledged survivors report better psychological functioning, while others find that acknowledged survivors have better outcomes. This study sought to better understand acknowledgment status and psychological outcomes by examining the …
Social Support And Mental Health Outcomes Of Lgb People Of Color, Jessica Ruiz
Social Support And Mental Health Outcomes Of Lgb People Of Color, Jessica Ruiz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color (LGB PoC) continue to remain an understudied population. Research supports that LGB PoC may experience greater negative health consequences compared to LGB racial/ethnic majority populations. Social support, including family and peer support, is often associated with positive health outcomes for sexual minorities of all backgrounds. The present study sought to evaluate differences between types of social support, including what occurs when one is faced with significant loss of support (i.e., family support). Comparisons between groups sought to determine whether alternative systems of support (i.e., peer social support) buffers against the negative impact of …
Workplace Stress And Sleep Quality: The Differential Moderating Effects Of Problem- And Emotion-Focused Coping, Wheeler Nakahara
Workplace Stress And Sleep Quality: The Differential Moderating Effects Of Problem- And Emotion-Focused Coping, Wheeler Nakahara
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Research on coping has provided consistent evidence that emotion-focused coping strategies tend to have negative ramifications for well-being, whereas problem-focused coping strategies tend to promote well-being. However, there is little research that examines how these two types of coping strategies impact stressor-sleep quality relationships. Therefore, the current thesis included two studies that utilized Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) conceptualization of coping as either problem-focused or emotion-focused to test the impact of those coping strategies on stressor-sleep quality relationships. The first study was cross-sectional and investigated the effect of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping on the relationship between workload and sleep quality, and …
Move Your Body, Change Your Mind: Physical Activity In The Morning And Its Implications For Work, Charlotte Holden
Move Your Body, Change Your Mind: Physical Activity In The Morning And Its Implications For Work, Charlotte Holden
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Drawing upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001), this study examines the links between morning physical activity, subsequent positive emotions, broadened thinking, and psychological resource accumulation at work. Fifty-two participants who worked full-time completed a daily diary for 10 workdays that included measures of their emotions and physical activity each morning and measures of broadened thinking each afternoon. Psychological resources were assessed at the beginning and end of the 10-day period. Data were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with Mplus. Results did not support the mediating role of positive emotions and broadened thinking between morning physical …
Nature Contentedness Through Nature's Affordances, Fatima Khan
Nature Contentedness Through Nature's Affordances, Fatima Khan
Honors Undergraduate Theses
There have been many studies conducted in the realm of nature that look at explanations behind human beings’ tendency to revert to nature as a way to relieve themselves from the real world while giving them feelings of well-being and positive emotions for a place. This study aimed to explore how humans feel more presence while also using this information to explore a more nature-oriented environment and the influence this has on human behavior. The present study is determining whether engaging with affordances of nature increase an individuals’ sense of presence. It was hypothesized that individuals that spend more time …
Prefrontal Cortical Activation In Naturalistic Walking, Aimee L. Klaschus
Prefrontal Cortical Activation In Naturalistic Walking, Aimee L. Klaschus
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Tasks and environments that demand greater attention resources result in greater activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). To explore this effect in a naturalistic setting, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record the PFC activation of six undergraduate participants while they walked in a busy environment (attention-demanding) and quiet environment (non-attention-demanding). Walking speed was recorded as a behavioral correlate. Results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in walking speed or cortical activity between busy and quiet conditions, though the trend was in favor of the hypotheses. This is likely because crowd density within each condition was not …
Comparative Examination Of The Empatica E4 To Record Heart Rate Variability Metrics, Andres Rosero
Comparative Examination Of The Empatica E4 To Record Heart Rate Variability Metrics, Andres Rosero
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The increased accessibility of cyber technology has resulted in advancements in international communications and information sharing never seen in human history. With this new age of digital software comes the proliferation of illegal online activity and cyber terrorism. Repercussions of cyber-attacks have ranged from identity theft to leaks of classified state secrets. To combat this threat, the Department of Defense (DoD) established the Cyber Mission Force (CMF) to head operations in the interests of protecting against cyber-attacks. One of the CMF’s initial projects involves the creation of a Performance Assessment Suite (PAS), a training program designed to improve the training …
Middle School Education In Music Media Literacy Could Combat The Potential Negative Effects Of Exposure To Sexual Content In Music, Stephanie B. Mihalache
Middle School Education In Music Media Literacy Could Combat The Potential Negative Effects Of Exposure To Sexual Content In Music, Stephanie B. Mihalache
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The current study focused on examining the relationship between music media literacy and middle school students. The goal of the study was to bring awareness towards adding music media literacy in the middle school curriculum; in order to further educate middle school students on the potential negative effects of popular music on their attitudes and behaviors, help middle school students understand the processes involved in the creation of popular music, and help middle school students understand how popular music can reflect and impact society as a whole. Participants (n=20) were selected through social media ads, ads posted on listservs, and …
Assessing Stress Outcomes Of Interpersonal Helping: An Application Of Hindrance Stress Appraisals, Michael Distaso
Assessing Stress Outcomes Of Interpersonal Helping: An Application Of Hindrance Stress Appraisals, Michael Distaso
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), including interpersonal helping, have traditionally been framed as explicitly positive behaviors with positive outcomes. The present study extended both theory on negative outcomes of OCB and the challenge-hindrance framework by applying the appraisal perspective of the challenge-hindrance framework to the study of helping events. The study employed an event sampling method that asked participants to report critical incidents of helping events that occurred at work. Results showed that perceived help difficulty predicted hindrance appraisals of help, but daily workload did not. This suggests that the content of helping event is more important than circumstantial factors surrounding …
What Do You Do When You Are Bored? Outcomes And Moderators Of Job Boredom, Mitchell Eid
What Do You Do When You Are Bored? Outcomes And Moderators Of Job Boredom, Mitchell Eid
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
While little research on job boredom currently exists, most has focused on its connection to outcomes which are harmful to organizations. However, there is research that suggests boredom may have a positive relationship to creativity. The current study hypothesized that job boredom would be positively related to workplace creativity and that this relationship would be moderated by openness to experience. The current study also attempted to replicate previous research linking job boredom to counterproductive work behavior with boredom proneness as a moderator. Data were collected from 219 participants through a self-report survey on MTURK and analyzed with moderated regression analyses. …
Lego My Ego: The Puzzling Role Of Self-Esteem And Goal Orientation On Appraisals Of Unsolicited Help, Emily Broksch
Lego My Ego: The Puzzling Role Of Self-Esteem And Goal Orientation On Appraisals Of Unsolicited Help, Emily Broksch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The threat-to-self-esteem model suggests an individual's interpretation of an offer of help is influenced by factors of the aid that have implicit consequences to the helpee's self-esteem (Fisher, Nadler, & Whitcher-Alagna, 1982). Basic needs theory states that the fulfillment of autonomy and competency needs are two components necessary for an individual to achieve optimal well-being, and thus self-image (i.e., self-esteem; Ryan & Deci, 2000). As such, this study used a LEGO building task and manipulated challenges to autonomy and competency in order to determine the extent to which an individual finds an unsolicited offer of help as threatening or supportive …
Changes In Likely Activation Patterns Of Alcohol Expectancies After Exposure To The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (Ecalc), Jessica Flori
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Alcohol is the most commonly used substance by adolescents in the United States with underage alcohol use being associated with a variety of harms. The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC) is a 45-minute interactive expectancy challenge intervention that has been found to be effective in reducing alcohol use. Although ECALC is thought to produce reductions in drinking by changing expectancies, the nature of these expectancy changes has yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study was to link ECALC outcome studies with a memory model approach to understanding the mechanism by which expectancies influence behavior. Participants (n …
Neurophysiological Correlates Of Trust In Robots, Theresa Kessler
Neurophysiological Correlates Of Trust In Robots, Theresa Kessler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This work is designed to address the questions as to what drives and collapses trust between a human and a robot. Such information is needed to properly design automated decision aids. Human-robot trust (HRT) has traditionally been measured by questionnaires, which can be subject to lack of participant understanding, disengagement, and dishonesty. Therefore, implicit measures of trust are needed to measure HRT. The goal here is to identify neuro-physiological underpinnings (implicit measures) for HRT to assist designers in the development of automated robotic aids. More specifically, experiment one, looked to determine the effects of witnessing robot error on skin conductance …
Maladaptive Personality Traits And Acute Psychological Distress In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Christopher Spencer
Maladaptive Personality Traits And Acute Psychological Distress In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Christopher Spencer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Personality disorders (PD) and related traits are associated with and predictive of medical outcomes. One mechanism whereby this may occur is through the interaction of PD traits and distress during treatment of chronic illness, especially in cancer. The majority of head and neck cancers (HNC) are caused by alcohol and tobacco, the disordered use of which is prevalent in those with PDs. This study examined how PD traits relate to distress for individuals during and after treatment of HNC (32.8% in active treatment). A sample of 137 individuals (70.8% male; median age 66) with a diagnosis of HNC from a …
Examining The Role Of Item Scrolling In Mobile Cognitive Assessment, Betsir Zemen
Examining The Role Of Item Scrolling In Mobile Cognitive Assessment, Betsir Zemen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The use of mobile assessment in personnel selection is an increasing trend that offers benefits to job applicants and organizations, including increased convenience of testing and expanded applicant pools (Tippins, 2011). Fewer than 10 published studies have examined the measurement equivalence of pre-employment cognitive ability assessments administered over mobile compared to non-mobile devices. Some of this research has found evidence of measurement equivalence and no score differences across device types while other studies contradict these results (Arthur et al., 2017). The present study is the first to investigate the measurement equivalence of a mobile-delivered, adaptively administered pre-hire cognitive ability assessment. …
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Incident reporting systems are an integral part of any organization seeking to increase the safety of their operation by gathering data on past events, which can then be used to identify ways of mitigating similar events in the future. In order to analyze trends and common issues with regards to the human element in the system, reports are often classified according to a human factors taxonomy. Lately, machine learning algorithms have become popular tools for automated classification of text; however, performance of such algorithms varies and is dependent on several factors. In supervised machine learning tasks such as text classification, …
The Mediating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange: Leader Personality And Information Sharing, Hillary Chandler
The Mediating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange: Leader Personality And Information Sharing, Hillary Chandler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This study investigated the mechanisms that facilitate information sharing, specifically, how leader personality may affect leader-employee relationship quality and employee information sharing behavior. Those who share information with their leaders and coworkers contribute more to their team and improve performance on an individual, team, and organizational level (Wang & Noe, 2010). This research examines the relationships between leader personality, employee perceived leader-member exchange quality, and employee information sharing. Responses (n = 81) from undergraduate students who work at least 20 hours a week were used in study analyses. Surveys used to collect data for this study covered employee perception of …
Effects Of Nurses' Workload On Creativity And Innovation: Examining The Role Of Trait Mindfulness As A Moderator, Kinjal Chheda
Effects Of Nurses' Workload On Creativity And Innovation: Examining The Role Of Trait Mindfulness As A Moderator, Kinjal Chheda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The workload is one of the dominant stressful factors among the nursing occupation that results in negative consequences at the individual, team, and organizational levels. On the other hand, creativity and innovation can help nurses and organizations to provide better patient care and maintain a competitive edge in a fast dynamic environment. However, this becomes challenging when nurses are exposed to a frequent increase in workload. Within this study, I first examine the form of the relationships between 1) workload (stressor) and creativity (outcome 1); and 2) workload and innovation (outcome 2) to comprehend the optimal conditions to achieve positive …
Working Memory In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Investigation Of Short-Term And Central Executive Memory Components Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Samuel Eckrich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early onset, highly heritable, chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by underdeveloped/deficient executive functions, particularly those entailing working memory (WM). Substantial research exists documenting WM deficits in pediatric age range ADHD and their relation with adverse learning outcomes; however, relatively little is known concerning the extent to which deficient WM processes reflect underlying deficiencies in hemodynamic functioning (OxyHb). This is the first study to use a movement-tolerant neuroimaging tool—functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)—to investigate hypothesized prefrontalOxyHb differences between children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children while they complete memory tasks differing in cognitive processing demands (e.g., …
Living Up To The American Dream: The Influence Of Family On Second-Generation Immigrants, Nicole Palmeri
Living Up To The American Dream: The Influence Of Family On Second-Generation Immigrants, Nicole Palmeri
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Second-generation immigrants are increasingly embracing their biculturalism, equally identifying as American and "other" (Yazykova & McLeigh, 2015). While this allows for ethnic diversity as well as other social and linguistic advantages, the internalization of two different cultures has been linked to causing tensions related to identity development and mental health (Huynh et al., 2018; Ceri et al., 2017; Ritsner & Ponizovsky, 1999). Previous research has shown a link between parental support and an individual's acculturation and psychological well-being (Pawliuk et al., 1996; Abad & Sheldon, 2008). This study seeks to further examine the influence of family on the bicultural identity …
Understanding Aggressive Driving Behavior: The Role Of Personality And Individual Differences, Enilda M. Velazquez
Understanding Aggressive Driving Behavior: The Role Of Personality And Individual Differences, Enilda M. Velazquez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
According to recent reports, 56 percent of total vehicular accident deaths were related to aggressive driving. Previous research on aggressive driving was related to cognitive failures, sex differences, individual driving habits, and to a lesser extent, personality. Personality focused aggressive driving research has not produced a consensus on the predictive nature of personality traits on the propensity to engage in aggressive driving. However, a lack of consensus on personality's role in aggressive driving warrants further empirical examination into the relationship between personality and aggressive driving. Similarly, the impact of individual differences on aggressive driving behavior cannot be ignored; the role …
Systematic Literature Review Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatments For Patients With Classical, Secondary, And Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia, Linnea B. Herzog
Systematic Literature Review Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatments For Patients With Classical, Secondary, And Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia, Linnea B. Herzog
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful neuralgia with a complicated pathology that is not clearly understood. Due to the ambiguity of the condition, patients often have to search for medical providers that specialize in trigeminal neuralgia, and even with the guidance of a specialist, some patients do not respond well to treatment.1 Despite the uncertainty surrounding the specifics of the disease, there are treatments available that can provide some level of pain relief for patients suffering from this disorder. When a patient does not respond well to medical therapy, surgery can be the next appropriate step in patient care management. …