Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Role Of Social Groups In Radicalisation, Kira J. Harris, Eyal Gringart, Deirdre Drake

Kira J Harris

The inability to form psychological profiles of individual members across a variety of extremist groups, as well as the recognition in extremism and terrorism research indicates that no adequate personality profile exists. This requires an analysis of other factors that influence the radicalisation process. By drawing on social identity theory, this paper offers a psycho-social explanation for how people define themselves in relation to their social group, as well as how the intra-group relationships can lead to extreme behaviour and resistance to counter efforts. These groups promote a salient social identity that becomes intrinsic to the self to the extent …

The Brotherhood Of Bikers, Kira J. Harris

Kira J Harris

No abstract provided.

Age Differences In Social Discount Rates, Hayden T. Whitfield

Hayden T Whitfield

No abstract provided.

Using A Photographic Gestalt In Your Therapy / Counselling Work, Harry B. Mayr

harry b mayr

Hi everyone,

I was lucky enough to take the photo below on a recent trip to Fraser Island. When I got home and started looking through my photos, I found that this photo (which I like to call 'THE STEPS OF LIFE' ), had the same qualities as those illustrations shown to us during psychology / social work / counselling courses e.g. the old woman's face gestalt.

I would like to share my photo with everyone as I feel it is a great tool in helping people learn and grow in their individual lives. Please just mention where you got …

Workplace Mentoring And Career Resilience: An Empirical Test, Ridhi Arora Research Scholar, Santosh Rangnekar Associate Professor

Ridhi Arora

The present study sought to investigate the role of mentoring relationships in predicting career resilience. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey based research design using a sample of 205 managers from public and private sector organizations in North India. Mentoring relationships were measured under the 2 broad categories of career mentoring and psychosocial mentoring in alignment with previous studies. The findings showed that psychosocial mentoring acts as a significant predictor of career resilience;however, career mentoring was not found to have any significant influence on career resilience. Given research thus reiterated the significant contribution of mentoring in influencing career outcomes such …

Changing The Faces Of Leadership: Executive Advancement For Professionals Of Color, Hannah Roth

Hannah Roth

There is a need for leadership development in companies to help prepare the next generation of leaders and to promote growth for employees. Additionally, the lack of diversity within the top ranks of leadership needs to be addressed. There is a need for more development programs that increase diversity in top leadership so that leadership at the highest levels of these organizations better reflect the demographics of the United States. There are numerous studies that demonstrate many professionals of color do not advance in their careers as quickly as their counterparts. This paper discusses how leadership development strategies tailored for …

Evidence Summarized In Attorney’S Closing Arguments Predicts Acquittals In Criminal Trials Of Child Sexual Abuse, Stacia N. Stolzenberg, Thomas D. Lyon

Stacia N. Stolzenberg

Evidence summarized in attorney’s closing arguments of criminal child sexual abuse cases (N = 189) was coded to predict acquittal rates. Ten variables were significant bivariate predictors; five variables significant at p < .01 were entered into a multivariate model. Cases were likely to result in an acquittal when the defendant was not charged with force, the child maintained contact with the defendant after the abuse occurred, the defense presented a hearsay witness regarding the victim’s statements, a witness regarding the victim’s character, or a witness regarding another witnesses’ character (usually the mother). The findings suggest that jurors might believe that child molestation is akin to a stereotype of violent rape, and that they may be swayed by defense challenges to the victim’s credibility and the credibility of those close to the victim.

Cumulative Dominance In Multi-Attribute Choice: Benefits And Limits, Konstantinos Katsikopolous, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García

Martin Egozcue

No abstract provided.

Perception Of God And Paranoia Among Iranian University Students, Seyed Mohammad, Kalantarkousheh, دکتر سید محمد کلانتر کوشه

Seyed Mohammad Kalantarkousheh

This study examined the correlation between types of perception of God and paranoid thoughts among 312 randomly sampled students — 175 female and 137 male — in the Azad Islamic University of Tehran in Iran. Two survey questionnaires were administered to the participants through the University’s website —one assessing their perception of God (Lawrence, 1997), and the other to assess the occurrence of paranoid thoughts among them (Derogatis, Lipman, & Covi, 1973). Data was analyzed using correlation coefficients and regression methods. The results show that only the negative perception of God correlates with paranoia in both males and females, while …

Ramifications Of Quiz Format On Retention And Online Studying, Mary L. Still, Jeremiah D. Still

Jeremiah D. Still

No abstract provided.

Outreach Practices Of A Small College Counseling Center: A Comprehensivemodel To Serve The College Community, Jessica R. Ferriero

Jessica R Ferriero

Over the past 10 years college counseling centers (CCCs) have been urged to broaden their focus considerably and to serve the entire campus community due to increases in student mental health issues. Engaging in outreach efforts is one way to address campus wide needs. However, few research efforts have been conducted to systematically investigate how outreach is practiced at a small college. The dialogue around outreach has focused on single programs at large institutions rather than the network of interventions that occur on a campus. The purpose of this study is to understand the web of relationships between a counseling …

Up By Upwest: Is Slope Like North?, Steven M. Weisberg, Daniele Nardi, Nora S. Newcombe, Thomas F. Shipley

Daniele Nardi

Terrain slope can be used to encode the location of a goal. However, this directional information may be encoded using a conceptual north (i.e., invariantly with respect to the environment), or in an observer-relative fashion (i.e., varying depending on the direction one faces when learning the goal). This study examines which representation is used, whether the sensory modality in which slope is encoded (visual, kinaesthetic, or both) influences representations, and whether use of slope varies for men and women. In a square room, with a sloped floor explicitly pointed out as the only useful cue, participants encoded the corner in …

An Alternative To Cronbach's Alpha: An L-Moment-Based Measure Of Internal-Consistency Reliablilty, Todd C. Headrick, Yanyan Sheng

Todd Christopher Headrick

Data sets in the social and behavioral sciences are often small or heavy-tailed. Previous studies have demonstrated that small samples or leptokurtic distributions adversely affect the performance of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. To address these concerns, we propose an alternative estimator of reliability based on L-comoments. The empirical results of this study demonstrate that when sample sizes are small and distributions are heavy-tailed that the proposed coefficient L-alpha has substantial advantages over the conventional Cronbach estimator of reliability in terms of relative bias and relative standard error.

How Attorneys Question Children About The Dynamics Of Sexual Abuse And Disclosure In Criminal Trials., Stacia N. Stolzenberg, Thomas D. Lyon

Stacia N. Stolzenberg

Little is known about how the dynamics of sexual abuse and disclosure are discussed in criminal court. We examined how attorneys ask child witnesses in sexual abuse cases (N = 72, 6–16 years of age) about their prior conversations, both with suspects and with disclosure recipients. Prosecutors’ questions were more open-ended than defense attorneys, but most questions asked by either attorney were yes/no questions, and children tended to provide unelaborated responses. Prosecutors were more inclined to ask about children’s prior conversations with suspects than defense attorneys, but focused on the immediate abuse rather than on grooming behavior or attempts to …

The Homo [Not So] Economicus And The Law: A Critique Of Positive Theory Of Rational Choice In The Law [En Español], Daniel A. Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

From the Behavioral Economics point of view, this paper presents a critic to one dimension of rational choice theory that is widely accepted by Law and Economics scholars. Our hypothesis is that (i) individuals deviate anomalously but predictably of normative assumption of rational choice. We suggests that, (ii) more than –unbounded– rational self interested individuals, in certain contexts, people tend to deviate from this normative behavior and also, tend to judge the behavior of other people, according to the consistency of these behaviors with a hypothetical situation commonly referred to as the "reference transaction".

Desde la perspectiva del Behavioral Economics, …

Decoding Prejudice Toward Hispanics: Group Cues And Public Reactions To Threatening Immigrant Behavior, Todd K. Hartman, Benjamin J. Newman, C. Scott Bell

Todd K. Hartman

Consistent with theories of modern racism, we argue that white, non-Hispanic Americans have adopted a “coded,” race-neutral means of expressing prejudice toward Hispanic immigrants by citing specific behaviors that are deemed inappropriate—either because they are illegal or threatening in an economic or cultural manner. We present data from a series of nationally representative, survey-embedded experiments to tease out the distinct role that anti-Hispanic prejudice plays in shaping public opinion on immigration. Our results show that white Americans take significantly greater offense to transgressions such as being in the country illegally, “working under the table,” and rejecting symbols of American identity, …

Social Dominance And The Cultural Politics Of Immigration, Benjamin J. Newman, Todd K. Hartman, Charles S. Taber

Todd K. Hartman

We argue that conflict over immigration largely concerns who bears the burden of cultural transaction costs, which we define as the costs associated with overcoming cultural barriers (e.g., language) to social exchange. Our framework suggests that the ability of native-born citizens to push cultural transaction costs onto immigrant outgroups serves as an important expression of social dominance. In two novel studies, we demonstrate that social dominance motives condition emotional responses to encountering cultural transaction costs, shape engagement in cultural accommodation behavior toward immigrants, and affect immigration attitudes and policy preferences.

[Impact Factor: 1.614 (2011); Rank: 12 of 148 (Political Science); …

In Search Of Progressive Black Masculinities: Critical Self-Reflections On Gender Identity Development Among Black Undergraduate Men, Keon M. Mcguire, Ph.D., Jonathan Berhanu, Charles H.F. Davis Iii, Shaun R. Harper, Ph.D.

Shaun R. Harper, Ph.D.

During the last several decades, research concerning the developmental trajectories, experiences, and behaviors of college men as ‘‘gendered’’ persons has emerged. In this article, we first critically review literature on Black men’s gender development and expressions within college contexts to highlight certain knowledge gaps. We then conceptualize and discuss progressive Black masculinities by relying on Mutua’s germinal work on the subject. Further, we engage Black feminist scholarship, both to firmly situate our more pressing argument for conceptual innovation and to address knowledge gaps in the literature on Black men’s gender experiences. It is our belief that scholars who study gender …

A Parent-Teacher View Of Teens Behaviors In Nuclear And Joint Family Systems In Pakistan, Rana Rashid Rehman

Rana Rashid Rehman

This research work tries to unveil the changing teen’s behaviors in nuclear and joint family systems in Pakistan. Pakistan enjoys the social values of joint families; and, where grandparents are very important constituent of the family, the family structure is an important component in shaping the teens behaviors. Therefore, this paper focuses the sample of parents and teachers of the teens in the postmodern urban society and tried to better point out the eminent changes in the attitudes and behaviors of teens. This study follows a qualitative approach of research that pursues a phenomenological inquiry describing lived experience of the …

Latent Psyche Concept, A Formula For Originating Ideas, Chuck Klein

Chuck Klein

Much has been written about people who are creative - those who produce ideas - but little about how they actually arrive at new concepts, theories or a different way of viewing old notions. The term, creativity, is easily defined, however, a technique for achieving this highly acclaimed attribute is not readily found.

Idea production, like any other manufacturing process, is subject to and dependent upon an identifiable pattern. It makes little difference whether the creator is writing a book, seeking a solution to a production line problem or looking to increase sales, the process of idea production is the …

Emotional Responses To Honor Situations In Turkey And The U.S., Ayse K. Uskul, Susan Cross, Cansu Alozkan, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca, Zeynep Sunbay

Ayse K Uskul

The main goal of the current research is to investigate emotional reactions to situations that implicate honour in Turkish and northern American cultural groups. In Studies 1A and 1B, participants rated the degree to which a variety of events fit their prototypes for honour-related situations. Both Turkish and American participants evaluated situations generated by their co-nationals as most central to their prototypes of honour-related situations. Study 2 examined emotional responses to Turkish or US-generated situations that varied in centrality to the prototype. Highly central situations and Turkish-generated situations elicited stronger emotions than less central situations and US-generated situations. Americans reported …

Visualization For Increasing Health Intentions: Enhanced Effects Following A Health Message And When Using A First-Person Perspective, Laura Rennie, Ayse K. Uskul, Catherine Adams, Katherine Appleton

Ayse K Uskul

The present research explored whether visualising engaging in a health behaviour resulted in increased intentions to engage in that behaviour, when combined with an informational health message. Further, the effects of the visual perspective (first-person vs. third-person) used to visualise the health behaviour were explored. In an online questionnaire study employing a 2 × 3 between-participants experimental design, participants (N = 532) read vs. did not read an informational health message about the benefits of increasing fruit consumption, then visualised (from first-person vs. third-person perspective) vs. did not visualise themselves increasing their fruit consumption. Intentions to increase fruit consumption were …

Concerns About Losing Face Moderate The Effect Of Visual Perspective On Health-Related Intentions And Behaviors., Ayse K. Uskul, Mariko Kikutani

Ayse K Uskul

Visualizing oneself engaging in future actions has been shown to increase the likelihood of actually engaging in the visualized action. In three studies, we examined the effect of perspective taken to visualize a future action (first-person vs. third-person) as a function of the degree to which individuals worry about others' evaluation of themselves (face) and whether the visualized behavior is public or private. Across all studies, the effect of visual perspective was present only for participants with a high level of face. In this group, the third-person visualization induced stronger intentions to engage in the behavior when the imagined behavior …

Cultural Prototypes And Dimensions Of Honor, Susan Cross, Ayse K. Uskul, Berna Gercek-Swing, Zeynep Sunbay, Bilge Ataca, Zahide Karakitapoglu

Ayse K Uskul

Research evidence and theoretical accounts of honor point to differing definitions of the construct in differing cultural contexts. The current studies address the question “What is honor?” using a prototype approach in Turkey and the Northern United States. Studies 1a/1b revealed substantial differences in the specific features generated by members of the two groups, but Studies 2 and 3 revealed cultural similarities in the underlying dimensions of self-respect, moral behavior, and social status/respect. Ratings of the centrality and personal importance of these factors were similar across the two groups, but their association with other relevant constructs differed. The tripartite nature …

Responses To Social Exclusion In Cultural Context: Evidence From Farming And Herding Communities, Ayse K. Uskul, Harriet Over

Ayse K Uskul

In a series of studies, we investigated the role of economic structures (farming vs. herding) and source of ostracism (close other vs. stranger) in social exclusion experiences. We first confirmed that herders rely on strangers to a greater extent than do farmers for economic success (validation study). Next, we verified that farmers and herders understand the concept of ostracism, and its emotional consequences, in similar ways (Study 1). The studies that followed provided converging evidence that cultural group membership shapes sensitivity and responses to social exclusion. Using different methodologies, in Studies 2 and 3, we showed that, whereas the psychological …

Counseling Native Americans And Social Justice, Timothy Thomason

Timothy Thomason

This chapter provides a brief historical perspective on Native Americans; overviews of the politics, religion, social issues, and mental health of Native Americans; key concepts regarding counseling Native Americans; and recommendations for counseling and advocacy with members of this population. The chapter includes a case study of how social justice applies to a Native client, and also includes a list of recommended resources.

Youth Homelessness: Prevalence And Mental Health Correlates, Staci M. Perlman, Joe Willard, Janette Herbers, J.J. Cutuli, Karin M. Eyrich Garg

Staci Perlman

No abstract provided.

Young Children’S Difficulty With Indirect Speech Acts: Implications For Questioning Child Witnesses, Angela D. Evans, Stacia Stolzenberg, Kang Lee, Thomas D. Lyon

Stacia N. Stolzenberg

Prior research suggests that infelicitous choice of questions can significantly underestimate children’s actual abilities, independently of suggestiveness. One possibly difficult question type is indirect speech acts such as “Do you know…” questions (DYK, e.g., “Do you know where it happened?”). These questions directly ask if respondents know, while indirectly asking what respondents know. If respondents answer “yes,” but fail to elaborate, they are either ignoring or failing to recognize the indirect question (known as pragmatic failure). Two studies examined the effect of indirect speech acts on maltreated and non-maltreated 2- to 7-year-olds’ post-event interview responses. Children were read a story …

Children's Memory For Conversations About Sexual Abuse: Legal And Psychological Implications, Thomas D. Lyon, Stacia N. Stolzenberg

Stacia N. Stolzenberg

No abstract provided.

Attitudes Toward Animal Research: Revisiting Gallup And Beckstead (1988), Mitchell M. Metzger

Mitchell Metzger, PhD

No abstract provided.