Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Virginia In Transition: The 1961 Democratic Primary, Thomas Carter Evans

History Theses & Dissertations

The year 1961 marked a turning point in Virginia politics. Two years had elapsed since the General Assembly had abandoned its policy of massive resistance to school integration. In the aftermath of that crisis the Byrd Organization found itself decided between moderates and members of the "Old Guard." In the 1961 Democratic primary Lieutenant-Governor A. E. S. Stephens, a moderate, vied with Attorney General Albertis S. Harrison, the choice of the Byrd Organization, for the gubernatorial nomination. Stephens charged that. the aged leaders of the Organization were too reactionary to lead the state in the 1960s. Harrison reaffirmed the Organization's …

Decreasing Allied Support For Anti-Soviet Strategic Embargoes A Demonstration Of The Declining Hegemony Of The United States, Tracey A. Johnstone

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

This thesis evaluates the declining hegemony of the United States over its allies since the end of World War II. Robert Gilpin and Robert Keohane's theories about the decline in U.S. hegemony are discussed as are the hegemonic theories of Gramsci as interpreted by Robert Cox. The three progressively hostile reactions of U.S. allies to U.S.-initiated embargoes against the Eastern Bloc are used to illustrate the decreasing control of the United States over the economic and strategic policies of its allies. The conclusion states' that Ronald Reagan ignored historical trends and contemporary international politics when he decided to force U.S. …

Bark Or Bite Perspectives On Economic Sanctions For Foreign Policy Objectives, Rodney W. Skotty

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Economic sanctions have been used throughout history to coerce target nations to acquiesce in the objectives of nations that impose them. The record of achievement, using sanctions as a tool of foreign policy, has been poor. Regardless, nations continue to use economic sanctions to attain their goals despite their relative ineffectiveness. And as nations apply sanctions frequently to resolve international conflicts, such frequency tends to impair the credibility of sanctions as an implement of foreign policy. The fact that they are imposed frequently, also reflects that they are used to rectify lesser violations of the international norm. In view of …

Controlling The Big Stick: The United States Navy And The Cuban Intervention Of September 1906, Christopher A. Abel

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

A case study method is used to examine the role played by the United States Navy in bringing about the Second Cuban Intervention of 1906-1909. The 1906 American navy had a distinct lack of centralized direction during the September crisis in Cuba. As a consequence, initiative in the crisis passed to the several naval officers representing the United States in Cuba at the time. These officers acted in consonance with the navy's own institutional agendas and contrary to the objectives of the Theodore Roosevelt administration. In so doing these officers were supported and even rewarded for their actions by the …

Curtain Of Silence Japanese In Soviet Custody, 1945-1956, William F. Nimmo

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

The Soviet Union attacked- and defeated Japanese forces in Northeast Asia in the final days of the Second World War, and 2,100,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians suddenly fell into the hands of the Red Army. This thesis examines the experiences of Japanese in Soviet custody, efforts to obtain their release, and their eventual return to Japan. Repatriation of civilians from Soviet-controlled areas was slow, and military personnel were taken to the USSR for use as forced labor for several years. The Soviets conducted an intensive Marxist-Leninist indoctrination program for prisoners of war, and a professed acceptance of communism was a …

The Uneasy Triangle The Impact Of China On U.S.-Soviet Relations In The 1970'S Salt: A Case Study, Karen Elizabeth Toenjes

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

The Gift Of The Gods: The Impact Of The Korean War On Japan, John P. Bowen

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

The Korean War was a benchmark in the modern history of Japan. It became a catalyst for political action, and the fountainhead of the "economic miracle" that raised Japan once again to a prominent position among nations. The Korean War helped solve many political problems, including the tricky question of a peace treaty. It confirmed Japan's commitment to a no-war constitution. It also permitted the Japanese government to relax the restrictions imposed by occupation authorities. The war created a fortuitous economic stimulus that permitted Japan to emerge from the recessionary period that followed World War II and to establish the …

An Arms Race In Outer Space Between The United States And The Soviet Union Implications For U.S. Foreign Policy, Gary Morgan Jensen

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

The development of an operational anti-satellite capability by the Soviet Union, and the corresponding U.S. effort to develop an anti-satellite capability of its own, are gradually propelling both nations into a space arms race. The militarization of outer space moves forward as both superpowers launch an increasing number of satellites on military missions. This emerging space race has important foreign policy implications for the United States. Will the two superpowers move in the direction of increased competition and possible confrontation in outer space, or will they agree to the need for some kind of achievable space arms control agreement? The …

Rum, Romanism, And Virginia Democrats: The Party Leaders And The Campaign Of 1928, James R. Sweeney

History Faculty Publications

The 1928 presidential election posed problems for Virginia Democrats, who were traditionally Protestant and prohibitionist. New Yorker Al Smith's nomination split Virginia's party, allowing Republican Herbert C. Hoover to win by a healthy majority. Led by a Methodist Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Virginians who opposed Smith, a Roman Catholic, cited his link with Tammany Hall and his views on prohibition legislations as justifications to vote against him. State party leaders Harry Byrd, Carter Glass, Louis Joffe, and John Garland Pollard mounted a party loyalty campaign for Smith, but the election's central issue was whether or not a candidate's religion merited …

The African Foreign Policy Of The German Democratic Republic, Heide R. Kersey

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

This thesis describes the different activities sponsored by the German Democratic Republic to achieve its foreign policy goals in Africa from the late 1950s to the present. The GDR's foreign policy goals and their interaction with each other are examined. Types of GDR activities covered include solidarity assistance, contact building in Africa, United Nations diplomacy, propaganda, cultural foreign policy, trade policy, and military aid. This thesis demonstrates that the role of the GDR in Africa must be understood in the context of the Soviet Union's and the Warsaw Pact states' support of proletarian internationalism and solidarity. However, through its activities …

Mining The Deep Seabed Implications For International Law And American Foreign Policy, Steven H. Fitzgerald

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Whether or not the United States may someday face a mineral shortage, the need for a coherent, unified minerals policy is critical to national objectives and national security. Deep-sea mining may be the answer to American (and world) mineral needs in the twenty-first century. However, there are numerous problems which must be dealt with and resolved in the near future, in order to enable the U.S. (and the world community) to take advantage of vast undersea resources. Deep-sea mining requires the development of technology, tremendous capital investments, and years of labor before production can begin. U.S. policy makers must decide …

The Carter Administrative Elite: A Background Analysis, Susan Adomaitis Armstrong

Institute for the Humanities Theses

This study is an inter-disciplinary analysis of the backgrounds of the Carter administrative elite. Various theories of political science, public administration, and ethics are presented in relation to Jimmy Carter's appointees. A background composite is presented of the elites' education, career before government service, age, sex, and geographic region of birth and socialization. Information about the elites was obtained from biographical listings, and was stored and processed by an electronic data processing system.

The Carter administrative elite has included persons who have been named to positions that do not maximize their experiences and qualifications in the most appropriate manner. This …

Core Size, Pricing, And Cost Structure, William K. Edwards

Economics Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents a proof of an inverse limit theorem of the core of an economy. The implication of the theorem is that a larger core can be obtained by the formation of coalitions. A large core contains multiple Pareto optimal allocations from which society may select in order to maximize its welfare. Furthermore, this paper places an emphasis on pricing schemes that guarantee a core allocation under increasing returns to scale. Two pricing models are introduced that guarantee a non-empty core under increasing returns to scale.

A Study Of Decision Making: The Case Of Brown And Root, Inc., Mary Blossom Springle

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Studies

The process of community decision making has been examined by many theorists in the field of political science. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the case of Brown and Root, Inc., a marine fabrication industry that hoped to construct a large plant in the rural town of Cape Charles, Virginia. The industry underwent a lengthy decision-making process before a final decision was made.

This case was selected because a wide variety of factors affected the ultimate outcome of the decision-making process. Because the decision-making process covered a five year time span in this case, it includes more factors …

Revolt In Virginia: Harry Byrd And The 1952 Presidential Election, James R. Sweeney

History Faculty Publications

When Senator Harry F. Byrd, longtime opponent of the policies of Presidents Roosevelt and Truman, decided to support Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower for the Presidency in 1952, he weakened the Democratic Party in Virginia and set off a political revolt in that state that lasted for a quarter century. Based on newspaper accounts and on primary material in the University of Virginia; 40 notes.

United States Foreign Policy And Mesopotamian Oil 1923-1928, Robert Francaviglia

History Theses & Dissertations

This thesis views the efforts of American oil interests to participate in the exploitation of Middle East oil resources in the 192Os as a point of departure in United States foreign policy. In its opposition to official involvement in the affairs of private business, the United States Government insisted that American oil companies negotiate directly with the British Government­ dominated companies which controlled the Near and Middle East. By placing the execution of its international oil policy under the control of private industry, the United States Government surrendered its capacity to conduct diplomacy with regard to a vital strategic resource. …

The Golden Silence: The Virginia Democratic Party And The Presidential Election Of 1948, James R. Sweeney

History Faculty Publications

Disturbed by President Harry S. Truman's stand on civil rights, the Democratic Party leadership in Virginia, headed by Senator Harry Flood Byrd, determined to fight Truman's election in 1948. The Byrd organization's strategy was to keep Truman from winning Virginia's electoral votes by releasing the state's electors from the obligation to vote for the national party nominee, but Byrd's opposition managed to mount a last minute pro-Truman movement which carried the state for the President.

The Neo-Classical Contributions To The Theory Of International Trade, Mohammed Arifeen

Economics Theses & Dissertations

In a dynamic economy some of the most challenging policy problems tend to originate in the realm of international economic relations. In the post World War II period, these problems have been intensified and become more complex. Students of international economics often feel perplexed by numerous divergent and diametric views that well-trained and prudent men frequently offer for the solutions of what appear to be rather simple problems. Lack of understanding of the theoretical framework of international trade is largely responsible for students' puzzlement.

It is the purpose of this thesis to assemble a minimum framework of the theoretical issues …

The Impact Of The Immigration Act Of 1924 On American-Japanese Relations, Mazika E. Anthony

History Theses & Dissertations

The abrogation of the Gentlemen's Agreement. and the manner in which it was achieved deeply hurt Japanese pride, which had reached new proportions in the 20th century. The American action was interpreted as a deliberate affront to a friendly nation, and upset the traditional amity which had characterized American-Japanese relations since the opening of Japan by 'Commodore Mathew C. Perry. It is the aim of this paper to show the extent of anti-Japanese agitation in the United States, the impact of the Immigration Act of 1924 on American-Japanese relations, and its relationship to the conflict which developed between the two …