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Articles 91 - 114 of 114
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Eric Pianowski On Trafficking In Humans: Social, Cultural And Political Dimensions Edited By Sally Cameron And Edward Newman. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008. 284 Pp., Eric Pianowski
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
Trafficking in Humans: Social, Cultural and Political Dimensions edited by Sally Cameron and Edward Newman. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008. 284 pp.
Kurt Mills On Conflict And Compliance: State Responses To International Human Rights Pressure By Sonia Cardenas. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. 200pp., Kurt Mills
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
Conflict and Compliance: State Responses to International Human Rights Pressure by Sonia Cardenas. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. 200pp.
Stephen James On The Challenge Of Human Rights: Origin, Development And Significance By Jack Mahoney. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. 215pp., Stephen James
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
The Challenge of Human Rights: Origin, Development and Significance by Jack Mahoney. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. 215pp.
Intelligence And Human Rights: A View From Venus, Peter Gill
Intelligence And Human Rights: A View From Venus, Peter Gill
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
Intelligence and Human Rights in the Era of Global Terrorism. By Steve Tsang (ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Security International, 2007.
and
War by Other Means: An Insider’s Account of the War on Terror. By John Yoo. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2006.
Bonded Labor In India, Devin Finn
Bonded Labor In India, Devin Finn
Human Rights & Human Welfare
Bonded labor, which is characterized by a long-term relationship between employer and employee, is usually solidified through a loan, and is embedded intricately in India’s socio-economic culture—a culture that is a product of class relations, a colonial history, and persistent poverty among many citizens. Also known as debt bondage, bonded labor is a specific form of forced labor in which compulsion into servitude is derived from debt. Categorized and examined in the scholarly literature as a type of forced labor, bonded labor entails constraints on the conditions and duration of work by an individual. Not all bonded labor is forced, …
Contemporary Slavery And International Law, Jessica Bell
Contemporary Slavery And International Law, Jessica Bell
Human Rights & Human Welfare
In this essay, the definition of contemporary slavery is derived from Kevin Bales in his book, Disposable People, which states that contemporary slavery is “The complete control of a person, for economic exploitation, by violence, or the threat of violence.” Contemporary slavery includes the slave labor of men, women, and children, forced prostitution, pornography involving both children and adults, the selling of human organs, serfdom, debt bondage, and the use of humans for armed conflict.
The Economic Foundations Of Contemporary Slavery, Justin Guay
The Economic Foundations Of Contemporary Slavery, Justin Guay
Human Rights & Human Welfare
“Slavery existed before money or law” (Hochschild 2005). Indeed the “peculiar institution” is one of humanity’s oldest. It has, however, evolved and manifested itself quite distinctly in different periods of history. In contrast to historical views of slavery that are associated with Chattel Slavery, numerous forms fall under the umbrella term of contemporary slavery. The United Nations (U.N.) Working Group recognizes such radically new forms as: child labor, children in conflict, trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, and the sale of children. The International Labor Office (ILO) approaches the topic through the lens of forced labor. The ILO recognizes slavery and …
Forced Child Labor And Cocoa Production In West Africa, Marjie Sackett
Forced Child Labor And Cocoa Production In West Africa, Marjie Sackett
Human Rights & Human Welfare
The cocoa industry has profited from the utilization of forced labor in West Africa since the late 1800s. Despite the Portuguese decree in 1876 abolishing slavery, and the release of cocoa plantation slaves, slave labor was quickly reemployed, aided by the exploitation of legal loopholes and government officials willing to turn a blind eye. In 1905, after hearing reports of unfavorable labor conditions, William Cadbury dispatched a member of the Anti-Slavery Society to investigate the cocoa plantations. Upon receiving confirmation of human rights violations, Cadbury boycotted Portuguese cocoa and persuaded two other chocolate firms to do the same. Cadbury’s actions …
Forced Child Labor In El Salvador: Contemporary Economic Servitude, Michelle Doherty
Forced Child Labor In El Salvador: Contemporary Economic Servitude, Michelle Doherty
Human Rights & Human Welfare
In 2005, over half of the rural population in El Salvador was living on less than U.S. $2 dollars per day (Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo 2003: 42). The harsh reality of economic subsistence obligates children in El Salvador to contribute to their family’s survival. Employers providing this frail economic lifeline inevitably acquire control over the children. This economic control is a prominent aspect of contemporary slavery and is manifested through violence or exploitation. The enslavement of children in El Salvador not only steals their youth and opportunity to receive an education, but it also places innocent …
Poverty’S Captives, Tim Brauhn
Poverty’S Captives, Tim Brauhn
Human Rights & Human Welfare
Today’s manifestations of bondage are a marked departure from those of pre-modern slavery. Now the value of the human “goods” is so low that slavers do not have to worry about damaging them. Two hundred years ago, slaves had to at least be treated with a modicum of safety, if for no other reason than to ensure continued profitability. But in the 20th and 21st centuries, slavers have become less like “hunters” and more like “gatherers,” since their work no longer involves raids and chains, at least in the physical sense. No, today’s raids are the false promises of work …
Under The Iron Thumb: Forced Labor In Myanmar, Anil Raj
Under The Iron Thumb: Forced Labor In Myanmar, Anil Raj
Human Rights & Human Welfare
The fight for human rights in Myanmar goes back to its independence in 1948. The Myanmar military (tatmadaw) has engaged in shocking violations of almost every right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The issue of forced labor, however, is of particular concern. Forced labor is employed primarily in development projects, agricultural enterprises, and the military. It is used to impose collective punishment on civilians, to build highly profitable development that strengthens military rule, and to allow the military access and logistical support in the most remote regions of insurgent-occupied territories. Forced labor is a central means …
January 2008: Special Forum
Human Rights & Human Welfare
This forum aims to begin a public conversation about the question of whether the American Political Science Association (APSA) should hold its 2012 Annual Meeting in New Orleans.
An Open Letter To The Political Science Community, Daniel R. Pinello
An Open Letter To The Political Science Community, Daniel R. Pinello
Human Rights & Human Welfare
In 2003, the American Political Science Association (APSA) selected New Orleans as the site for its 2012 annual meeting.
In 2004, 78 percent of Louisiana voters (including 54 percent in Orleans Parish) passed the following amendment to their state constitution:
Marriage in the state of Louisiana shall consist only of the union of one man and one woman. No official or court of the state of Louisiana shall construe this constitution or any state law to require that marriage or the legal incidents thereof be conferred upon any member of a union other than the union of one man and …
Political Violence, Child Soldiers, And Neo-Liberal Globalization: The Cases Of Indonesia And Columbia, Curtis Holland
Political Violence, Child Soldiers, And Neo-Liberal Globalization: The Cases Of Indonesia And Columbia, Curtis Holland
Undergraduate Review
No abstract provided.
“These Very Impelling Reasons Against My Running”: Maine Women And Politics, Mary Cathcart
“These Very Impelling Reasons Against My Running”: Maine Women And Politics, Mary Cathcart
Maine Policy Review
In the Margaret Chase Smith Essay Mary Cathcart reflects on women in politics and describes her own trajectory in coming to serve in the Maine House of Representatives and the Maine Senate. She discusses the upcoming (2009) launch of the Maine NEW Leadership program at the University of Maine, a national education program for college women
Ayse Betul Celik On The Age Of Apology: Facing Up To The Past Edited By Mark Gibney, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann, Jean-Marc Coicaud, And Niklaus Steiner. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 333 Pages., Ayse Betul Celik
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
The Age of Apology: Facing Up to the Past edited by Mark Gibney, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann, Jean-Marc Coicaud, and Niklaus Steiner. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 333 pages.
Gregory J. Moore On The U.N. Secretary General And Moral Authority: Ethics And Religion In International Leadership. Edited By Kent J. Kille. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 2007. 370pp., Gregory J. Moore
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
The U.N. Secretary General and Moral Authority: Ethics and Religion in International Leadership. Edited by Kent J. Kille. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 2007. 370pp.
Privatization, Efficiency, Gender, Development, And Inequality— Transnational Conflicts Over Access To Water And Sanitation, Srini Sitaraman
Privatization, Efficiency, Gender, Development, And Inequality— Transnational Conflicts Over Access To Water And Sanitation, Srini Sitaraman
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability, and Peace by Vandana Shiva. Boston, MA: South End Press, 2005.
and
Gender, Water, and Development edited by Anne Coles and Tina Wallace. New York: Berg, 2005.
and
Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power by Sanjeev Khagram. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.
What Happened To Africa?, J. Peter Pham
What Happened To Africa?, J. Peter Pham
Human Rights & Human Welfare
A review of:
The Fate of Africa: From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair—A History of Fifty Years of Independence by Martin Meredith. New York: Public Affairs, 2006. 752 pp.
Human Rights And Contemporary Slavery, Kevin Bales
Human Rights And Contemporary Slavery, Kevin Bales
Human Rights & Human Welfare
The anti-slavery movement will welcome this important compilation of work on debt bondage slavery. In the academic and policy analysis of contemporary slavery, many of the fundamental areas of enslavement are yet to be explored and brought into systematic presentation. This work by the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver helps to build up our understanding of debt bondage, as well as adding to the emerging discipline of contemporary slavery studies. Debt bondage slavery is one of the oldest forms of slavery that continues into the present day. The date of the establishment of hereditary debt …
The Boundaries Of The Role Of Women In Political Life, Erin Flynn
The Boundaries Of The Role Of Women In Political Life, Erin Flynn
Maine Policy Review
Each year, the Margaret Chase Smith Library sponsors an essay contest for Maine high school seniors. We feature here Erin Flynn’s 2008 first place prize-winning essay. Students were asked to assess whether the ideals of the 19th Amendment, granting voting rights to women, have been fulfilled and to discuss the social and cultural barriers remaining for women to overcome in the pursuit of political power, long after legal barriers to equal participation have been removed.
Bytes And Bombs: Information Warfare And Accidental Nuclear War, Nicholas Stewart
Bytes And Bombs: Information Warfare And Accidental Nuclear War, Nicholas Stewart
Global Tides
While both information warfare and accidental nuclear war have been discussed in detail in academia, their intersection has long been ignored. Information warfare can be used to create animosity between states and could even spark war during times of crisis. Furthermore, not all states benefit from the technology advances of the first world: nations like Russia and Pakistan have disturbing gaps in their nuclear command and control that could be easily exploited by other states, internal factions or even terrorist organizations. Comparing the information vulnerabilities of the United States, Russia and Pakistan, one can only conclude that immediate action is …
International Security Problems And Solutions By Patrick M. Morgan (Washington, D.C.: Cq Press, 2006), Jacqueline Sittel
International Security Problems And Solutions By Patrick M. Morgan (Washington, D.C.: Cq Press, 2006), Jacqueline Sittel
Global Tides
Book review of International Security Problems and Solutions by Patrick M. Morgan (2006).
Security And International Relations By Edward A. Kolodziej (Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press, 2005), Tyler Haupert
Security And International Relations By Edward A. Kolodziej (Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press, 2005), Tyler Haupert
Global Tides
A book review of Security and International Relations by Edward A. Kolodziej (2005).