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Articles 9361 - 9390 of 21235

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

'Parallel Universe' Or 'Proven Future'? The Language Of Dependent Means T-Test Interpretations, Anthony M. Gould, Jean-Etienne Joullié Dec 2017

'Parallel Universe' Or 'Proven Future'? The Language Of Dependent Means T-Test Interpretations, Anthony M. Gould, Jean-Etienne Joullié

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Of the three kinds of two-mean comparisons which judge a test statistic against a critical value taken from a Student t-distribution, one – the repeated measures or dependent-means application – is distinctive because it is meant to assess the value of a parameter which is not part of the natural order. This absence forces a choice between two interpretations of a significant test result and the meaning of the test hypothesis. The parallel universe view advances a conditional, backward-looking conclusion. The more practical proven future interpretation is a non-conditional proposition about what will happen if an intervention is (now) applied …

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Unit Root Test For Panel Data Ar(1) Time Series Model With Linear Time Trend And Augmentation Term: A Bayesian Approach, Jitendra Kumar, Anoop Chaturvedi, Umme Afifa, Shafat Yousuf, Saurabh Kumar Dec 2017

Unit Root Test For Panel Data Ar(1) Time Series Model With Linear Time Trend And Augmentation Term: A Bayesian Approach, Jitendra Kumar, Anoop Chaturvedi, Umme Afifa, Shafat Yousuf, Saurabh Kumar

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The univariate time series models, in the case of unit root hypothesis, are more biased towards the acceptance of the Unit Root Hypothesis especially in a short time span. However, the panel data time series model is more appropriate in such situation. The Bayesian analysis of unit root testing for a panel data time series model is considered. An autoregressive panel data AR(1) model with linear time trend and augmentation term has been considered and derived the posterior odds ratio for testing the presence of unit root hypothesis under appropriate prior assumptions. A simulation study and real data analysis are …

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End Matter, Jmasm Editors Dec 2017

End Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

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Characterizations Of Distributions By Expected Values Of Lower Record Statistics With Spacing, M. Faizan, Ziaul Haque, M. A. Ansari Dec 2017

Characterizations Of Distributions By Expected Values Of Lower Record Statistics With Spacing, M. Faizan, Ziaul Haque, M. A. Ansari

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The characterizations of a certain class of probability distributions are established through conditional expectation of lower record values when the conditioned record value may not be the adjacent one. Some of its important deductions are also discussed.

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Using Pratt's Importance Measures In Confirmatory Factor Analyses, Amrey D. Wu, Bruno D. Zumbo Dec 2017

Using Pratt's Importance Measures In Confirmatory Factor Analyses, Amrey D. Wu, Bruno D. Zumbo

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

When running a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), users specify and interpret the pattern (loading) matrix. It has been recommended that the structure coefficients, indicating the factors’ correlation with the observed indicators, should also be reported when the factors are correlated (Graham, Guthrie, & Thompson, 2003; Thompson, 1997). The aims of this article are: (1) to note the structure coefficient should be interpreted with caution if the factors are specified to correlate. Because the structure coefficient is a zero-order correlation, it may be partially or entirely a reflection of factor correlations. This is elucidated by the matrix algebra of the structure …

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A Double Ewma Control Chart For The Individuals Based On A Linear Prediction, Rafael Perez Abreu, Jay R. Schaffer Dec 2017

A Double Ewma Control Chart For The Individuals Based On A Linear Prediction, Rafael Perez Abreu, Jay R. Schaffer

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Industrial process use single and double Exponential Weighted Moving Average control charts to detect small shifts in it. Occasionally there is a need to detect small trends instead of shifts, but the effectiveness to detect small trends. A new control chart is proposed to detect a small drift.

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Study Evaluating The Alterations Caused In An Exploratory Factor Analysis When Multivariate Normal Data Is Dichotomized, Rosilei S. Novak, Jair M. Marques Dec 2017

Study Evaluating The Alterations Caused In An Exploratory Factor Analysis When Multivariate Normal Data Is Dichotomized, Rosilei S. Novak, Jair M. Marques

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The relationships resulting from the dichotomization of multivariate normal data is a question that causes concern when using exploratory factor analysis. The relationships in an exploratory factor analysis are examined when multivariate normal data, generated by Monte Carlo methods, is dichotomized.

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Power And Sample Size Estimation For Nonparametric Composite Endpoints: Practical Implementation Using Data Simulations, Paul M. Brown, Justin A. Ezekowitz Dec 2017

Power And Sample Size Estimation For Nonparametric Composite Endpoints: Practical Implementation Using Data Simulations, Paul M. Brown, Justin A. Ezekowitz

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Composite endpoints are a popular outcome in controlled studies. However, the required sample size is not easily obtained due to the assortment of outcomes, correlations between them and the way in which the composite is constructed. Data simulations are required. A macro is developed that enables sample size and power estimation.

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Does The Stress Inherent To Laboratory Life And Experimentation On Animals Adversely Affect Research Data?, Jarrod Bailey Dec 2017

Does The Stress Inherent To Laboratory Life And Experimentation On Animals Adversely Affect Research Data?, Jarrod Bailey

Validation of Animal Experimentation Collection

Stress and distress in laboratory animals is often inherent and unavoidable. The effect of these factors on the reliability and relevance of experimental data is not sufficiently appreciated. Greater awareness, debate and discussion of this issue are urgently required.

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Northern Eurasia Future Initiative (Nefi): Facing The Challenges And Pathways Of Global Change In The Twenty-First Century, Pavel Groisman, Herman Shugart, David Kicklighter, Geoffrey Henebry, Nadezhda Tchebakova, Shamil Maksyutov, Erwan Monier, Garik Gutman, Sergey Gulev, Jiaguo Qi, Alexander Prishchepov, Elena Kukavskaya, Boris Porfiriev, Alexander Shiklomanov, Tatiana Loboda, Nikolay Shiklomanov, Son Nghiem, Kathleen Bergen, Jana Albrechtová, Jiquan Chen, Maria Shahgedanova, Anatoly Shvidenko, Nina Speranskaya, Amber Soja, Kirsten De Beurs, Olga Bulygina, Jessica Mccarty, Qianlai Zhuang, Olga Zolina Dec 2017

Northern Eurasia Future Initiative (Nefi): Facing The Challenges And Pathways Of Global Change In The Twenty-First Century, Pavel Groisman, Herman Shugart, David Kicklighter, Geoffrey Henebry, Nadezhda Tchebakova, Shamil Maksyutov, Erwan Monier, Garik Gutman, Sergey Gulev, Jiaguo Qi, Alexander Prishchepov, Elena Kukavskaya, Boris Porfiriev, Alexander Shiklomanov, Tatiana Loboda, Nikolay Shiklomanov, Son Nghiem, Kathleen Bergen, Jana Albrechtová, Jiquan Chen, Maria Shahgedanova, Anatoly Shvidenko, Nina Speranskaya, Amber Soja, Kirsten De Beurs, Olga Bulygina, Jessica Mccarty, Qianlai Zhuang, Olga Zolina

GSCE Faculty Publications

During the past several decades, the Earth system has changed significantly, especially across Northern Eurasia. Changes in the socio-economic conditions of the larger countries in the region have also resulted in a variety of regional environmental changes that can have global consequences. The Northern Eurasia Future Initiative (NEFI) has been designed as an essential continuation of the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI), which was launched in 2004. NEESPI sought to elucidate all aspects of ongoing environmental change, to inform societies and, thus, to better prepare societies for future developments. A key principle of NEFI is that these developments …

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Canines For Disabled Kids, Erin Jerrett, Margarita Mnatsakanyan, Colleen Reynolds, Yin Wang Dec 2017

Canines For Disabled Kids, Erin Jerrett, Margarita Mnatsakanyan, Colleen Reynolds, Yin Wang

School of Professional Studies

Canines for Disabled Kids have been working on behalf of children and their families to educate communities and promote service dog partnerships for almost twenty years. Their advocacy with local legislatures, business owners, and community leaders highlighted the difficulties encountered when differentiating service dogs from emotional support/comfort dogs. Service dogs are entitled to access by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), while emotional support/comfort dogs are not protected under the federal statute or to the same rights. Canines for Disabled Kids proposed a study to obtain a current count of licensed service dogs in the Commonwealth and investigate the feasibility …

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How To Best Apply Neural Networks In Geosciences: Towards Optimal "Averaging" In Dropout Training, Afshin Gholamy, Justin Parra, Vladik Kreinovich, Olac Fuentes, Elizabeth Y. Anthony Dec 2017

How To Best Apply Neural Networks In Geosciences: Towards Optimal "Averaging" In Dropout Training, Afshin Gholamy, Justin Parra, Vladik Kreinovich, Olac Fuentes, Elizabeth Y. Anthony

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The main objectives of geosciences is to find the current state of the Earth -- i.e., solve the corresponding inverse problems -- and to use this knowledge for predicting the future events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In both inverse and prediction problems, often, machine learning techniques are very efficient, and at present, the most efficient machine learning technique is deep neural training. To speed up this training, the current learning algorithms use dropout techniques: they train several sub-networks on different portions of data, and then "average" the results. A natural idea is to use arithmetic mean for this …

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The Monadnock Volume 59, December 2017, Clark University Geographical Society Dec 2017

The Monadnock Volume 59, December 2017, Clark University Geographical Society

The Monadnock (Clark Geographical Society)

Volume 59 of The Monadnock. The Monadnock was the alumni magazine of the Clark University Geographical Society (1927-1985) (2014-present).

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Notes From The Director, The Mcnair Team Dec 2017

Notes From The Director, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue, The Mcnair Team Dec 2017

Full Issue, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

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Seeing Prehistory Through New Lenses: Using Geophysical And Statistical Analysis To Identify Fresh Perspectives Of A 15th Century Mandan Occupation, Amber Marie Mitchum Dec 2017

Seeing Prehistory Through New Lenses: Using Geophysical And Statistical Analysis To Identify Fresh Perspectives Of A 15th Century Mandan Occupation, Amber Marie Mitchum

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Great Plains prehistoric research has evolved over the course of a century, with many sites like Huff Village (32MO11) in North Dakota recently coming back to the forefront of discussion through new technological applications. Through a majority of its studies and excavations, Huff Village appeared to endure as the final stage in the Middle Missouri tradition. Long thought to reflect only systematically placed long-rectangular structure types of its Middle Missouri predecessors, recent magnetic gradiometry and topographic mapping data revealed circular structure types that deviated from long-held traditions, highlighting new associations with Coalescent groups. A compact system for food capacity was …

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The Regression Smoother Lowess: A Confidence Band That Allows Heteroscedasticity And Has Some Specified Simultaneous Probability Coverage, Rand Wilcox Dec 2017

The Regression Smoother Lowess: A Confidence Band That Allows Heteroscedasticity And Has Some Specified Simultaneous Probability Coverage, Rand Wilcox

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Many nonparametric regression estimators (smoothers) have been proposed that provide a more flexible method for estimating the true regression line compared to using some of the more obvious parametric models. A basic goal when using any smoother is computing a confidence band for the true regression line. Let M(Y|X) be some conditional measure of location associated with the random variable Y, given X and let x be some specific value of the covariate. When using the LOWESS estimator, an extant method that assumes homoscedasticity can be used to compute a confidence interval for M(Y|X = x). A trivial way of …

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Robust Measures Of Variable Importance For Multivariate Group Designs, Tolulope T. Sajobi, Lisa M. Lix Dec 2017

Robust Measures Of Variable Importance For Multivariate Group Designs, Tolulope T. Sajobi, Lisa M. Lix

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Variable importance measures based on discriminant analysis and multivariate analysis of variance are useful for identifying variables that discriminate between two groups in multivariate group designs. Variable importance measures are developed based on trimmed and Winsorized estimators for describing group differences in multivariate non-normal populations.

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Effectively Comparing Differences In Proportions, Lonnie Turpin Jr. Dec 2017

Effectively Comparing Differences In Proportions, Lonnie Turpin Jr.

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A single framework of developing and implementing tests about proportions is outlined. It avoids some of the pitfalls of methods commonly put forward in an introductory data analysis course.

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Missing Data In Longitudinal Surveys: A Comparison Of Performance Of Modern Techniques, Paola Zaninotto, Amanda Sacker Dec 2017

Missing Data In Longitudinal Surveys: A Comparison Of Performance Of Modern Techniques, Paola Zaninotto, Amanda Sacker

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Using a simulation study, the performance of complete case analysis, full information maximum likelihood, multivariate normal imputation, multiple imputation by chained equations and two-fold fully conditional specification to handle missing data were compared in longitudinal surveys with continuous and binary outcomes, missing covariates, and an interaction term.

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Around Gamma Lindley Distribution, Hamouda Messaadia, Halim Zeghdoudi Dec 2017

Around Gamma Lindley Distribution, Hamouda Messaadia, Halim Zeghdoudi

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Some remarks and correction on a new distribution, Gamma Lindley, of which the Lindley distribution is a particular case, are given pertaining to its parameter space.

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The Impact Of Inappropriate Modeling Of Cross-Classified Data Structures On Random-Slope Models, Feifei Ye, Laura Daniel Dec 2017

The Impact Of Inappropriate Modeling Of Cross-Classified Data Structures On Random-Slope Models, Feifei Ye, Laura Daniel

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Previous studies that explored the impact of misspecification of cross-classified data structure as strictly hierarchical are limited to random intercept models. This study examined the effects of misspecification of a two-level, cross-classified, random effect model (CCREM) where both the level-1 intercept and slope were allowed to vary randomly. Results suggest that ignoring one of the crossed factors produced considerably underestimated standard errors for: 1) the regression coefficients of the level-1 predictor; 2) the inappropriately modeled predictor associated with the misspecified crossed factor; and 3) and their interaction. This misspecification also resulted in a significant inflation of the level-1 residual variances …

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Facing The Sun, Frank Prendergast, Muiris O'Sullivan, Ken Williams, Gabriel Cooney Dec 2017

Facing The Sun, Frank Prendergast, Muiris O'Sullivan, Ken Williams, Gabriel Cooney

Articles

December 2017 marked 50 years since archaeologist Michael J. O’Kelly first observed the solar illumination of the burial chamber in the Neolithic passage tomb at Newgrange during the period of the winter solstice. O’Kelly subsequently recorded direct sunlight entering Newgrange through the ‘especially contrived slit which lies under the roof-box at the outer end of the passage roof’ on 21 December 1969. The discovery of this historic phenomenon, dating back over 5,000 years, captured the public interest and imagination at that time and ever since. In this major article published in the Winter 2017 edition of Archaeology Ireland (date of …

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Experimental Design And Data Analysis In Computer Simulation Studies In The Behavioral Sciences, Michael Harwell, Nidhi Kohli, Yadira Peralta Dec 2017

Experimental Design And Data Analysis In Computer Simulation Studies In The Behavioral Sciences, Michael Harwell, Nidhi Kohli, Yadira Peralta

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Treating computer simulation studies as statistical sampling experiments subject to established principles of experimental design and data analysis should further enhance their ability to inform statistical practice and a program of statistical research. Latin hypercube designs to enhance generalizability and meta-analytic methods to analyze simulation results are presented.

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On Variance Balanced Designs, Dilip Kumar Ghosh, Sangeeta Ahuja Dec 2017

On Variance Balanced Designs, Dilip Kumar Ghosh, Sangeeta Ahuja

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Balanced incomplete block designs are not always possible to construct because of their parametric relations. In such a situation another balanced design, the variance balanced design, is required. This construction of binary, equal replicated variance balanced designs are discussed using the half fraction of the 2n factorial designs with smaller block sizes. This method was also extended to construct another variance balanced design by deleting the last block of the resulting variance balanced designs. Its efficiency factor compared with randomized block designs was compared and found to be highly efficient.

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Performance Evaluation Of Confidence Intervals For Ordinal Coefficient Alpha, Heather J. Turner, Prathiba Natesan, Robin K. Henson Dec 2017

Performance Evaluation Of Confidence Intervals For Ordinal Coefficient Alpha, Heather J. Turner, Prathiba Natesan, Robin K. Henson

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of the Fisher, Feldt, Bonner, and Hakstian and Whalen (HW) confidence intervals methods for the non-parametric reliability estimate, ordinal alpha. All methods yielded unacceptably low coverage rates and potentially increased Type-I error rates.

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A Monte Carlo Study Of The Effects Of Variability And Outliers On The Linear Correlation Coefficient, Hussein Yousif Eledum Dec 2017

A Monte Carlo Study Of The Effects Of Variability And Outliers On The Linear Correlation Coefficient, Hussein Yousif Eledum

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the effect of two factors, the amount of variability and an outlier, on the size of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Some simulation algorithms are developed, and two theorems for increasing or decreasing the amount of variability are suggested.

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Parameter Estimation In Weighted Rayleigh Distribution, M. Ajami, S. M. A. Jahanshahi Dec 2017

Parameter Estimation In Weighted Rayleigh Distribution, M. Ajami, S. M. A. Jahanshahi

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A weighted model based on the Rayleigh distribution is proposed and the statistical and reliability properties of this model are presented. Some non-Bayesian and Bayesian methods are used to estimate the β parameter of proposed model. The Bayes estimators are obtained under the symmetric (squared error) and the asymmetric (linear exponential) loss functions using non-informative and reciprocal gamma priors. The performance of the estimators is assessed on the basis of their biases and relative risks under the two above-mentioned loss functions. A simulation study is constructed to evaluate the ability of considered estimation methods. The suitability of the proposed model …

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Jmasm 46: Algorithm For Comparison Of Robust Regression Methods In Multiple Linear Regression By Weighting Least Square Regression (Sas), Mohamad Shafiq, Wan Muhamad Amir, Nur Syabiha Zafakali Dec 2017

Jmasm 46: Algorithm For Comparison Of Robust Regression Methods In Multiple Linear Regression By Weighting Least Square Regression (Sas), Mohamad Shafiq, Wan Muhamad Amir, Nur Syabiha Zafakali

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The aim of this study is to compare different robust regression methods in three main models of multiple linear regression and weighting multiple linear regression. An algorithm for weighting multiple linear regression by standard deviation and variance for combining different robust method is given in SAS along with an application.

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Bayesian Hypothesis Testing Of Two Normal Samples Using Bootstrap Prior Technique, Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran, Waheed Babatunde Yahya Dec 2017

Bayesian Hypothesis Testing Of Two Normal Samples Using Bootstrap Prior Technique, Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran, Waheed Babatunde Yahya

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The most important ingredient in Bayesian analysis is prior or prior distribution. A new prior determination method was developed under the framework of parametric empirical Bayes using bootstrap technique. By way of example, Bayesian estimations of the parameters of a normal distribution with unknown mean and unknown variance conditions were considered, as well as its application in comparing the means of two independent normal samples with several scenarios. A Monte Carlo study was conducted to illustrate the proposed procedure in estimation and hypothesis testing. Results from Monte Carlo studies showed that the bootstrap prior proposed is more efficient than the …

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