Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Winchell Papers

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Abstracts from the Winchell Papers given at the 68^th Annual Meeting for the Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science.

Winchell Posters

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Abstracts from the Winchell Posters given at the 68^th Annual Meeting for the Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science.

What Have We Been Doing?, Anderson B. Young

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 5 is presented by the author on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Testing The Adventure Recreation Model: A Replication With Subjects Involved In A Required Outdoor Experience, Lynn Anderson, Dale Anderson, Anderson Young

Research in Outdoor Education

The Adventure Recreation Model, first pro­posed and tested by Ewert and Hollenhorst (1989), attempts to describe participant. charac­teristics and patterns of use in adventure recrea­tion activities. The model was originally tested with students at Ohio State University who were involved in an outdoor pursuits program con­sisting of a wide variety of outdoor adventure activities. This study replicated and extended this research by using subjects who participated in a required outdoor course with an outdoor adventure component. The purpose of the study was to test the fit of the adventure model with subjects who were expected to be more diverse in …

The Effects Of A Public School System's One Day Adventure Experience, Harlan Eagle, Janelle Gordon, Lindy Lewis

Research in Outdoor Education

This paper reports on a study that investi­gated the effects of a public school system's one-day adventure experience on students' self ­reports of life effectiveness. According to Neill, Marsh & Richards (1997), life effectiveness is defined as, "the psychological and behavioral aspects of human functioning which determine a person's effectiveness or proficiency in any given situation".

Cultural History Interpretation In Adventure Education: Promoting "Landfull" Experiences, Molly A. Baker

Research in Outdoor Education

This study was designed to investigate inter­pretation as a potential method of promoting "landfull" experiences. To date, no studies have explored the application of cultural history in­terpretation in adventure-based programming. This study investigated the use of interpretive activities that focus on the cultural history of the area during an adventure-based trip and evalu­ated the impact of this interpretation on partici­pants' experiences. As an exploratory effort, the purpose of this study was threefold: To provide a rationale for the use of cultural history inter­pretation in adventure-based programming; to create a prototype for integrating cultural history interpretation in adventure programming; and to …

Developing Life Skills Through Adventure Education: A Qualitative Study, Jim Sibthorp

Research in Outdoor Education

In an attempt to understand the process of learning during a longer duration adventure edu­cation program, students in Broadreach were interviewed after participating in a three week long sail and dive-training program. In addition to sail and dive training, the Broadreach pro­gram focuses on leadership and personal devel­opment through experiential methodology.

Front Matter, Coalition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors initiated a Research Task Force in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and the dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and these Proceedings offer evidence of the success of this task force. At the first symposium in 1992, there was general agreement that the symposium be a regular occurrence. The 2000 Symposim and these Proceedings are indicators of the Coalition's continued support of research in outdoor education. Information on future events will be available through the Coalition office.

This article includes the Editors, …

Trends And Issues In Not For Profit Camping, Deborah Bialeschki, Karla Henderson, Kate Dahowski

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to examine in­fluences on not for profit agencies involved in camping programs to determine critical trends and issues related to organized camping. The American Camping Association (ACA) Not for Profit Forum and Council funded this study. The project consisted of three data collection phases: 1) an extensive literature review; 2) a survey sent to a random sample of camp directors and their not for profit agency executives; and 3) focus groups conducted at a national ACA con­ference. This descriptive research study uses information from the second phase of this pro­ject to present quantitative data …

Leadership Development And Youth Camping: Determining A Relationship, Rachelle H. Toupence, Christine D. Townsend

Research in Outdoor Education

The terminology may have changed, but the concepts of "leaders" and "leadership" have been a part of human thought for thousands of years. Similarly, so has leadership education. Leadership is one of the core skills employers expect of their employees at every level (Scheneman, 1991) and leadership development has emerged as a goal of outdoor education (Fri­ese, Hendee, & Kinziger, 1998). Debate contin­ues concerning the most effective methods for developing leadership as in recent years leader­ship education has been brought to the forefront. This is borne out in leisure literature as well, where in the last decade scholars have begun …

Outdoor Adventure And Health: Supporting Empirical Data, Camille J. Bunting

Research in Outdoor Education

The intent of this paper is to introduce a theoretical framework for considering connec­tions between outdoor adventure and health, not to present the findings of one or two new re­search studies. A compilation of empirical data will be presented from various studies to illus­trate the proposed connections, and provide documentation for subjective observations and beliefs long held by outdoor adventure educa­tors. Therefore, the format that follows is not one of a typical research report, but of a position paper with supporting empirical data from the author's own research.

Benefits And Components Of An Inclusive Adventure Program For Families With Children Who Have A Disability, Kathleen Scholl, Leo Mcavoy, John Smith

Research in Outdoor Education

Due to the national movement in the 1970s to de-institutionalize individuals with dis­abilities, the vast majority of these children live with their families in community settings; how­ever, the recreation opportunities for these fami­lies to participate together in community spon­sored programs may be limited. There are many programs for children with disabilities, but few are designed for the entire family when one or more children have a disability. Shifting the fo­cus from the individual with the disability to the entire family can support and enrich the intrinsic strengths that already exist in the family (Clapp & Rudolph, 1993; Dunst, Trivette, Starnes, …

The Effects Of Environmental And Adventure Education Programs On The Wilderness Attitudes Of Japanese Early Adolescents, Taito Okamura

Research in Outdoor Education

The conceptual framework for this study is that outdoor education represents the integration of environmental education and adventure edu­cation (Bisson, 1998; Bunting, 1990; Donna, 1996; Priest, 1986). The purpose of the study was first to compare the effects of environmental and adventure education programs in a resident camp setting on the wilderness attitudes of Japa­nese early adolescents.

The Impact Of Camp Programs On Children With Disabilities: Opportunities For Independence, Ann Fullerton, Steve Brandon, Joel Arick

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of specialized, residential camp programs on children and youth with disabili­ties. In general, the question is: "Does the camp experience result in positive or negative impacts on development, and do these changes transfer to home or school?" Camps are rich in social (both Vgotsky's and Bandura's con­ceptualizations; Gredler, 1992) and experien­tial (Kolb, 1984) learning. In camps, learning occurs while doing tasks within the functional, meaningful contexts of daily and social life in the camp community. Moreover, the naturally occurring consequences of one's actions are immediate and salient. The extensive litera­ture …

Hazards, Risk And The Press: A Comparative Analysis Of Newspaper Coverage Of Nuclear And Chemical Weapons Sites, Karen Lowrie, Michael Greenberg, Lynn Waishwell

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors present a comparative analysis of newspaper coverage for four hazardous substance containment facilities located in different parts of the country.

“The Skeptics Agenda” And What Science Now Says About Global Warming, Robert Kates

Maine Policy Review

In the Margaret Chase Smith essay, Robert Kates discusses global climate change. He notes that there is no longer any doubt that global warming is occurring, caused most likely by increased greenhouse gasses. Costs of preventing warming are mixed, and appropriate timing of such efforts is unknown, but there is no doubt that societal attention is needed for adaptation.

The Maine Shore And The Army Corps: A Tale Of Two Harbors, Wells And Saco, Maine, Joseph Kelley, Walter Anderson

Maine Policy Review

By discussing the problems of beach erosion and sand movement at Wells and Saco, Maine, Joseph Kelley and Walter Anderson demonstrate how single-minded, engineering approaches to complex, interdisciplinary coastal issues can create bigger problems than previously existed. As Kelley and Anderson explain, at both Wells and Camp Ellis, the Army Corps of Engineers was brought in to construct a harbor at no local cost to the community. This was accomplished by constructing jetties, and the result has been a persistent and serious problem of beach erosion. Over the years, the Army Corps has offered further technical solutions that have served …

Comparing Species Of Bees For Controlled Pollination Of Helianthus Petiolaris In Field Cages, R. L. Wilson, C. A. Abel, M. E. Brothers

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Honey bees, Apis mellifera, have been used for several years to pollinate caged plant species maintained at the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), Ames, Iowa. Because maintaining large numbers of honey bees is expensive and time consuming, we began looking in 1995 for other pollinator species that can be easily managed and less expensive to maintain than A. mellifera. One species we tested was the hornfaced bee, Osmia cornifrons, a solitary bee imported from Japan in the late 1970s. We also tested a mixture of native bumblebees, Bombus bimaculatus and B. impatiens, which are native to the …

The Status Of The Blacknose Shiner (Notropis Heterolepis) Tn Iowa: A Preliminary Survey, Neil P. Bernstein, Michael Getting, Timothy Kamp, Stevenson Christain, Ryan Smith, Joseph Steele, Steven Steele

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

During the last 45 years, the blacknose shiner (Notropis heterolepis) has been restricted to a three county area in northwestern Iowa. We surveyed locations where this siltation-intolerant species had been captured to update the status of the fish in the state. Streams were blocked with nets on both the upstream and downstream ends of sample areas, and fish were collected with a backpack electrofisher and seines. Lakes where the blacknose shiner had been found were also sampled. No blacknose shiners were found and several possible explanations are offered for their absence from historical sites.

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Distribution And Abundance Of Three Freshwater Mussel Species (B1valv1a: U Ntontdae) Correlated With Physical Habitat Characteristics In An Iowa Reservoir, J. R. Straka, J. A. Downing

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

A rapid drawdown (weeks) of a reservoir allowed us to determine the combined influence of water depth, maximum effective fetch, bottom slope, and substrate characteristics on abundance of three species of freshwater mussels. The three principal mussel species were significantly (PPyganodon grandis(Say) was most abundant on deeper shelves (ca. 3 m depth, slope 1 km), and sediment organic matter content was moderate (Lampsilis siliquoidea(Barnes), however, was most abundant in shallow water (Potamilus alatus(Say) had a more cosmopolitan depth distribution, but was found only on bottoms with low slope (Pyganodon grandiswas found to be negatively affected by increasing substrate organic matter …

Population Size Estimates For The Endangered Iowa Pleistocene Snail, Discus Macclintocki Baker, Tama K. Anderson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Discus macclintocki Baker, the Iowa Pleistocene snail, is a federally endangered species found only on algific talus slopes in northeastern Iowa and northwestern Illinois. Population size estimates for fourteen D. macclintocki populations in Iowa and Illinois ranged from 182 to 22,125 individuals. Estimates from the program CAPTURE as well as Bayesian estimation procedures gave similar results, although the Bayesian method allowed estimation of populations that could not be estimated with CAPTURE due to small sample sizes. A comparison of two methods of sampling, visual counts of quadrats and cover boards, showed that using cover boards resulted in much higher probabilities …

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Morphological Abnormalities In Illinois Cricket Frogs, Acris Crepitans, 1968-71, Robert H. Gray

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Reports of malformed amphibians have been increasing, including external deformities such as missing or extra arms and legs, missing eyes and mandibles, and internal abnormalities involving the bladder, digestive system, and testes. Natural phenomena such as limb amputations during predation attempts by other animals, parasitism, xenobiotic chemicals (herbicides, insecticides, fertilizers and others), and UV-B or other radiation (either directly or indirectly by triggering production of toxicants from nontoxic chemicals) have all been linked to amphibian abnormalities. From 1968-71, I studied the natural history, effective breeding size, and seasonal, annual, and geographic variation in color morph frequencies of cricket frogs (Acris …

Field Investigations Of Malformed Frogs In Minnesota 1993-97, Judy C. Helgen, Mark C. Gernes, Susan M. Kersten, Joel W. Chirhart, Jeff T. Canfield, Dorothy Bowers, Jon Haferman, Robert G. Mckinnell, David M. Hoppe

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Reports of malformed frogs were made to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) from different parts of Minnesota in 1993, 1995, 1996, and 1997 and one, nine, 190, and 172 reports were received, respectively. MPCA field crews and Drs. Hoppe and McKinnell documented malformed frog locations starting in 1993. By 1997, MPCA field crews documented malformed frogs at 62 locations in Minnesota, in 29 of 87 counties. Most malformations were in young metamorphs of Rana pipiens but they were observed also in R. clamitans, R. septentrionalis, R. sylvatica, Bufo americanus, and Hyla spp. Frequencies of malformations varied by time of …

Effects Of Pcb 126 And Ammonia, Alone And In Combination, On Green Frog (Rana Clamitans) And Leopard Frog (R. Pipiens) Hatching Success, Development, And Metamorphosis, Mariana Beatriz Jofre, Michele L. Rosenshield, William H. Karasov

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The Green Bay watershed in Wisconsin is polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin, heavy metals, ammonia, and over 100 organic contaminants. In this study we exposed embryos and larvae of two ranid species commonly occurring in the Green Bay ecosystem, the green frog (Rana clamitans) and the leopard frog (R. pipiens), to PCB 126 (3,3', 4,4', 5-Pentachlorobyphenil, nominal concentrations 0-50 μg/l, two control treatments: water plus 0.08% acetone as carrier for the PCB, water alone), unionized ammonia (0-2 mg/I), and mixtures of both contaminants. Exposure to PCB 126 did not cause significant mortality of embryos before hatching. However, exposure to …

The North American Reporting Center For Amphibian Malformations, Douglas H. Johnson, Suzanne C. Fowle, Jeffrey A. Jundt

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The North American Reporting Center for Amphibian Malformations was established to provide a conduit of information about, and a systematic data base on, malformed amphibians. This article describes the Reporting Center and the variety of features available at its Web site, presents an example of a summary analysis that can be conducted with its data, discusses caveats about the data, and makes recommendations about systematic surveys to better understand patterns and trends in the incidence of malformed amphibians.

Demographic And Reproductive Characteristics Of A Southern Illinois Population Of The Crayfish Frog, Rana Areolata, Michael Redmer

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Demographic (snout-vent length, skeletochronologically estimated age) and reproductive (fecundity, ova size) characteristics were examined in Riina areolata from Williamson County, Illinois. Fifty-nine frogs (36 males, 23 females) were sampled from breeding choruses in March 1996. Hematoxylinophilic annular lines of arrested growth (LAG) were detected in the diaphyses of cross-sectioned phalanges of all sampled frogs. t-tests revealed that male age (mean = 3.53 yr) and female age (mean = 3.83 yr) were not significantly different, but male SVL (mean = 82.78 mm) was significantly smaller than that of females (mean = 89.61 mm). There were positive correlations between SVL and age …