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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Relative Reward Effects On Operant Behavior: Incentive Contrast,Induction And Variety Effects, Howard Cromwell
Relative Reward Effects On Operant Behavior: Incentive Contrast,Induction And Variety Effects, Howard Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
Comparing different rewards automatically produces dynamic relative outcome effects on behavior. Eachnew outcome exposure is to an updated version evaluated relative to alternatives. Relative reward effectsinclude incentive contrast, positive induction and variety effects. The present study utilized a novelbehavioral design to examine relative reward effects on a chain of operant behavior using auditory cues.Incentive contrast is the most often examined effect and focuses on increases or decreases in behavioralperformance after value upshifts (positive) or downshifts (negative) relative to another outcome. Weexamined the impact of comparing two reward outcomes in a repeated measures design with three ses-sions: a single outcome and …
Drink Like A Lawyer: The Neuroscience Of Substance Use And Its Impact On Cognitive Wellness, Debra S. Austin
Drink Like A Lawyer: The Neuroscience Of Substance Use And Its Impact On Cognitive Wellness, Debra S. Austin
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Lawyers suffer from higher levels of anxiety and depression than the rest of the population, but most do not enter law school with these mental health issues. Disciplinary actions against attorneys involve substance abuse 50 to 75 percent of the time. However, neuroscience research has shown that both the brain and the genes enjoy the power of plasticity, which means that personal choices and environments shape the development of lawyers throughout their lives. Legal educators need a better understanding of what aspects or characteristics of legal education contribute to the decline in mental health of law students, lawyers, and judges, …
Exercise Motivations Of Older Adults, Laura J. Attaway
Exercise Motivations Of Older Adults, Laura J. Attaway
All Master's Theses
This study examined and compared activity levels and motives in 103 older (over 50 years of age) competitive athletes (CA) and non-competitive fitness exercisers (NCF). The findings indicate that the CA group was significantly higher in the motives of enjoyment, competition, and social recognition. Ranking of the strength of the motivation factors for each group indicated that enjoyment was the strongest motivating factor for both groups, health ranked high for both groups, and social recognition ranked lowest in both groups. Findings related to rankings were not tested for significance, so are more tentative.