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Articles 6391 - 6420 of 15137

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Investigating Factors Associated With Burglary Crime Analysis Using Logistic Regression Modeling, Daniel Antolos Oct 2011

Investigating Factors Associated With Burglary Crime Analysis Using Logistic Regression Modeling, Daniel Antolos

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

This study conducted a logistic regression to determine the relationship of factors associated with burglary to determine the variables necessary to predict criminal activity. Predictors utilized in the study; included time of day, day of week, connectors, barriers, and repeat victimization. These predictors were all incorporated to develop a model that would best predict burglary activity as it relates from a determine epicenter of activity. The predictors selected have all be shown, through research to be significant, characteristics of activity as they relate to burglary but have not been incorporated together to develop a significant model. The model compared the …

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Wrongful Convictions And Punitiveness: Measuring Student's Attitudes On Erroneous Felony Convictions, Shayna Lancaster Oct 2011

Wrongful Convictions And Punitiveness: Measuring Student's Attitudes On Erroneous Felony Convictions, Shayna Lancaster

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to better understand the attitudes towards wrongful convictions and levels of punitiveness among college students who may work in the criminal justice field in the future. It attempts to replicate Robert Ramsey and James Frank's 2007 study "Wrongful Conviction - Perceptions of Criminal Justice Professionals Regarding the Frequency of Wrongful Conviction and the Extent of System Errors." Instead of surveying criminal justice professionals, this study's sample is on-campus undergraduate classes in criminal justice and political science for the spring 2010 semester at Old Dominion University using a survey that operationalizes punitiveness with a series …

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Establishing Lower Developmental Thresholds For A Common Blowfly: For Use In Estimating Elapsed Time Since Death Using Entomologyical Methods, Gail S. Anderson, Jodie-A. Warren Oct 2011

Establishing Lower Developmental Thresholds For A Common Blowfly: For Use In Estimating Elapsed Time Since Death Using Entomologyical Methods, Gail S. Anderson, Jodie-A. Warren

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Forensic entomology is a science used to estimate a post-mortem interval (PMI). Larvae develop at predictable rates and the time interval for this development can be used to estimate the PMI. Environmental temperatures are not constant and fluctuate with the photoperiod. In early and late insect seasons, temperatures can drop to below threshold temperatures where development essentially ceases. Threshold temperatures differ for different species and should be determined by raising insects at the extremely low temperatures. The lower threshold temperature for Protophormia terraenovae for egg hatch is 10.3°C ; for first instar larvae to molt to second instar larvae it …

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Collaborating With A Killer: The Unique Perspective Of Prison Life From A Man On Death Row, Gordon A. Crews, Angela D. Crews Sep 2011

Collaborating With A Killer: The Unique Perspective Of Prison Life From A Man On Death Row, Gordon A. Crews, Angela D. Crews

Criminal Justice Faculty Research

This presentation describes the process and difficulties of developing a collaborative working relationship with Stephen C. Stanko, a man currently serving two death sentences in South Carolina for the murders of two people and the sexual assault and attempted murder of a third. Mr. Stanko and Dr. Gordon Crews first worked together on a book from 2000-2004 when Stanko was serving a 10-year sentence for kidnapping and assault with intent to kill. In April 2005, only 8 months after Stanko was released from that sentence, he committed the crimes for which he is currently facing death. Since then, the Crews’ …

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Substance Use Among Asian American Adolescents: Perceptions Of Use And Preferences For Prevention Programming, Lin Fang, Kevin Barnes-Ceeney, Rebecca A. Lee, John Tao Sep 2011

Substance Use Among Asian American Adolescents: Perceptions Of Use And Preferences For Prevention Programming, Lin Fang, Kevin Barnes-Ceeney, Rebecca A. Lee, John Tao

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Rarely has substance use prevention programming targeted Asian-American adolescents. Using a focus group methodology, we explored perceptions of substance use and preferences for prevention programming among 31 Asian-American adolescents in New York City. Participants considered substance use common in the community. Factors contributing to substance use among Asian-American adolescents (e.g., peer pressure, pressure to achieve, family factors, and community influence) were identified, and the need for prevention programs tailored for the Asian-American community was highlighted. Participants discussed preferred program content, delivery settings, and recruitment and retention strategies. Despite the favorable attitude for family-based prevention programming, participants raised potential issues concerning …

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Field Testing Of Collection Cards For Cannabis Sativa Samples With A Single Hexanucleotide Dna Marker, Lindsey Allgeier, John Hemenway, Nicholas Shirley, Tommy Lanier, Heather Miller Coyle Sep 2011

Field Testing Of Collection Cards For Cannabis Sativa Samples With A Single Hexanucleotide Dna Marker, Lindsey Allgeier, John Hemenway, Nicholas Shirley, Tommy Lanier, Heather Miller Coyle

Forensic Science Publications

Abstract:  The validity and feasibility of using DNA collection cards in the field for preservation and analysis of Cannabis sativa genotypes were investigated using a highly specific hexanucleotide marker. Collection cards were submitted to the National Marijuana Initiative, which selectively trained and managed the collection of specific types of samples from a variety of participating agencies. Samples collected at seizure sites included fresh marijuana leaf samples, dried “dispensary” samples, U.S. border seizures, and hashish. Using a standardized PCR kit with custom-labeled oligonucleotide primers specific to marijuana, collection cards produced eight genotypes and 13 different alleles, extremely low baselines, and no …

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Afraid To Cry Wolf: Human Rights Activists’ Conundrum To Define Narratives Of Justice And Truth In The Former Yugoslavia, Arnaud Kurze Aug 2011

Afraid To Cry Wolf: Human Rights Activists’ Conundrum To Define Narratives Of Justice And Truth In The Former Yugoslavia, Arnaud Kurze

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Throughout the 1990s the state of Yugoslavia dissolved, ravaged by horrendous conflict. Since, several retributive and restorative mechanisms to cope with past atrocities have been attempted. In these processes social activists and civil society organizations have increasingly gained ground. Employing concepts of sociology of spaces, which focuses on the creation of spaces through action and the interdependence of action on spatial structures, I argue that activists move between different spaces constituted by narratives of justice and truth. Different NGOs across the region run trial monitoring and/or witness support programs—examples of activist involvement in legal spatiality.

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School Resource Officer Programs: Implementation's Effect On Student Perceptions Of Safety, Stephen Clipper Aug 2011

School Resource Officer Programs: Implementation's Effect On Student Perceptions Of Safety, Stephen Clipper

Theses and Dissertations

School Resource Officer (SRO) Programs are a widely implemented community policing initiative in schools. The limited research on SRO Programs suggests that there are implementation differences between programs. This study explores the effect that implementation style has on program effectiveness as measured by student perceptions of safety as well as student reporting behaviors. This study found mixed results. Direct analyses revealed students who attend schools with community-oriented SRO programs feel slightly safer. Multi-level modeling was utilized to determine the effects that individual and school level variables have on perceptions of safety and on the ability of SRO programs to affect …

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Liberated Voices: Juvenile Offenders’ Perceptions Of The Therapeutic Relationship, John S. Ryals Aug 2011

Liberated Voices: Juvenile Offenders’ Perceptions Of The Therapeutic Relationship, John S. Ryals

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi Aug 2011

Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Is Capital Punishment Just? Assessing The Death Penalty Using Justice Theory, Matthew Robinson Aug 2011

Is Capital Punishment Just? Assessing The Death Penalty Using Justice Theory, Matthew Robinson

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Book Review: Essential Criminology 3rd Edition, Roger Schaefer Aug 2011

Book Review: Essential Criminology 3rd Edition, Roger Schaefer

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Guest Editor's Statement, Roger Schaefer Aug 2011

Guest Editor's Statement, Roger Schaefer

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Understanding Others’ Experience: Phenomenology And/Beyond Violence, Joshua Freistadt Aug 2011

Understanding Others’ Experience: Phenomenology And/Beyond Violence, Joshua Freistadt

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Redefining Genocide: The International Criminal Court’S Failure To Indict On The Darfur Situation, Simeon Sungi Aug 2011

Redefining Genocide: The International Criminal Court’S Failure To Indict On The Darfur Situation, Simeon Sungi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Conflict In Darfur: Calculation And Inadequate International Response, Bob Zaremba Aug 2011

Conflict In Darfur: Calculation And Inadequate International Response, Bob Zaremba

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Chemical Processing Of Fingerprints On Thermal Paper, Megan Elizabeth Dutton Aug 2011

Chemical Processing Of Fingerprints On Thermal Paper, Megan Elizabeth Dutton

Master's Theses

This research seeks to determine how well muriatic acid and acetic acid fuming develop the thermal side of thermal paper using aged prints. Additionally, the research seeks to determine how well ninhydrin develops the paper side of thermal paper using aged prints after exposure to the fuming. Twenty-four random individuals placed a total of thirty sets of fingerprints per person on thermal paper over a 10-day period. Each set of fingerprints consisted of three fingerprints on the thermal side of paper and three fingerprints on the nonthermal side of paper. During the 30 to 40-day time period, however, more specifically …

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A Penological Approach To The Social Construct Of Sexuality, Lauren Elizabeth Gibson Aug 2011

A Penological Approach To The Social Construct Of Sexuality, Lauren Elizabeth Gibson

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Prison sex research has generally followed an essentialist theoretical approach. Only Alarid (2000) examined jail sex using a social constructionist approach to understanding sexuality behind bars. Using data collected from 142 male inmates in a Southern maximumsecurity correctional facility, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether engaging in sexual behavior affects a change in the sexual orientation of male prison inmates, using a social constructionist theoretical approach. In addition, the influence of several sociodemographic and situational variables on the change in sexual orientation was examined. The only statistically significant variable associated with a change in sexual orientation …

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Examining The Effect Of Childhood Animal Cruelty Motives On Recurrent Adult Violent Crimes Toward Humans, Joshua C. Overton Aug 2011

Examining The Effect Of Childhood Animal Cruelty Motives On Recurrent Adult Violent Crimes Toward Humans, Joshua C. Overton

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Few researchers have studied the predictive ability of childhood animal cruelty motives as they are associated with later recurrent violence toward humans. Based on a sample of 180 inmates at one medium- and one maximum-security prison in a Southern state, the present study examines the relationship among several retrospectively identified motives (fun, out of anger, hate for the animal, and imitation) for childhood animal cruelty and the later commission of violent crimes (murder, rape, assault, and robbery) against humans. Almost two-thirds of the inmates reported engaging in childhood animal cruelty for fun, whereas almost one-fourth reported being motivated either out …

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A Statistical Examination Of Friction Ridge Skin Patterns In The Interdigital, Hypothenar, And Thenar Areas Of The Palms, Kristin Ann Pilgrim Aug 2011

A Statistical Examination Of Friction Ridge Skin Patterns In The Interdigital, Hypothenar, And Thenar Areas Of The Palms, Kristin Ann Pilgrim

Master's Theses

Friction ridge skin, which is only located on the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet, has been used in the identification of individuals before the beginning of the twentieth century. A majority of the information known about friction ridge skin has been accumulated through the extensive research of fingerprints. Studies have been conducted to statistically categorize general patterns located on the fingerprints in order to include or exclude an individual for identification purposes. Although fingerprints offer great insight into the importance of friction ridge skin in forensic science, palm print patterns and characteristics have been relatively ignored. Therefore, a …

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Living And Dying On Death Row In America, Angela D. Crews, Gordon A. Crews Aug 2011

Living And Dying On Death Row In America, Angela D. Crews, Gordon A. Crews

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

- Much written on capital punishment in America, but very little research on the persons serving these death sentences - Initial results from survey of more than 3,200 death row prisoners in the U.S. and material from a "behind-the-scenes" personal narrative from a death row prisoner in South Carolina. - Qualitative personal reflections (“life lessons”) from prisoners and a quantitative examination of coping mechanisms they use to deal with living and dying on death row

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The Regrettable Clause: United States V. Comstock And The Powers Of Congress, H. Jefferson Powell Aug 2011

The Regrettable Clause: United States V. Comstock And The Powers Of Congress, H. Jefferson Powell

San Diego Law Review

In this Article, I argue that in Comstock, the Court encountered one of the oldest and most basic constitutional issues about the scope of congressional power--whether there are justiciable limits to the range of legitimate ends Congress may pursue. The Justices, without fully recognizing the fact, were taking sides in an ancient debate, and in doing so, they inadvertently reopened an issue that ought to be deemed long settled.

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Socioeconomic Rights And Theories Of Justice, Jeremy Waldron Aug 2011

Socioeconomic Rights And Theories Of Justice, Jeremy Waldron

San Diego Law Review

This Article considers the relation between theories of justice - such as John Rawls's theory - and theories of socioeconomic rights. In different ways, these two kinds of theories address much of the same subject matter. But they are quite strikingly different in format and texture. Theories of socioeconomic rights defend particular line-item requirements: a right to this or that good or opportunity, such as housing, health care, education, and social security. Theories of justice tend to involve a more integrated normative account of a society's basic structure, though they differ considerably among themselves in their structure. So how exactly …

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Independent Counsel In Insurance, Douglas R. Richmond Aug 2011

Independent Counsel In Insurance, Douglas R. Richmond

San Diego Law Review

Mention the term "independent counsel" to many lawyers and they think immediately of the process whereby the Attorney General of the United States requests a panel of federal judges to appoint an Independent Counsel to investigate and prosecute crimes by government officials. Business lawyers may think of "independent counsel" in the context of counsel for independent directors on a corporate board in connection with select matters. For most litigators, however, the term "independent counsel" describes a lawyer engaged to defend an insured at a liability insurer's expense in a case in which the liability insurer has lost the right to …

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Examining The Effect Of Changes In The Peer Group On Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study, Dena C. Carson Jul 2011

Examining The Effect Of Changes In The Peer Group On Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study, Dena C. Carson

Dissertations

Peer interactions are an important part of adolescence and have been the focus of much research in both psychology and criminology. The relationship between peer behavior and a youth’s own behavior has been demonstrated multiple times in prior research. Little is known, however, about how peer behavior may affect individual attitudes. This is surprising given that many prevention programs, particularly skills building programs, focus on changing and shaping individual attitudes to change/prevent behavior. This dissertation partially addressed this gap by focusing on the relationship between peer behavior and individual attitudes. This dissertation accomplishes three main goals through the use of …

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The Economy-Crime Relationship Revisited: The Significance Of Recent Macroeconomic Conditions And Social Policy Changes For Child Poverty And Youth Violence Trends, White Nicole Jul 2011

The Economy-Crime Relationship Revisited: The Significance Of Recent Macroeconomic Conditions And Social Policy Changes For Child Poverty And Youth Violence Trends, White Nicole

Dissertations

The relationship between economic deprivation and violent crime has been one of the most widely studied in the field of criminology, yet little is known about the impact of recent macroeconomic conditions and welfare reform policies on the poverty-youth violence relationship. Therefore, the current study utilizes data from the 1993-2004 National Crime Victimization Survey to assess the association between poverty and youth violent victimization trends variously disaggregated by race, ethnicity, and family structure, and the impact of welfare reform and macroeconomic conditions on this relationship. In addition, the potential impact of welfare reform on the individual-level relationship between poverty and …

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Stereotype Threat In Criminal Interrogations: Why Innocent Black Suspects Are At Risk For Confessing Falsely, Cynthia J. Najdowski Jul 2011

Stereotype Threat In Criminal Interrogations: Why Innocent Black Suspects Are At Risk For Confessing Falsely, Cynthia J. Najdowski

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Little theoretical attention has been paid to evidence that Blacks are overrepresented in samples of false confessors compared to Whites. One possible explanation is that innocent Black suspects experience stereotype threat in interrogations and that this threat causes Black suspects to experience more arousal, self-regulatory efforts, and cognitive load compared to White suspects. These psychological mechanisms could lead innocent Black suspects to display more nonverbal behaviors associated with deception and, ironically, increase the likelihood that police investigators perceive them as guilty. In response, investigators might engage in more coercive tactics and exert more pressure to confess on Black suspects than …

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Executions In America: How Constitutional Interpretation Has Restricted Capital Punishment, Andrea Paone Jul 2011

Executions In America: How Constitutional Interpretation Has Restricted Capital Punishment, Andrea Paone

Pell Scholars and Senior Theses

In upholding the constitutionality of capital punishment, the United States Supreme Court has utilized a strict construction interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause, which has led the opponents of capital punishment to abandon the Due Process approach and look to the Eighth Amendment, for which the justices utilize a loose construction interpretation.

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Differences In Community Policing Definitions Of County And City La W Enforcement Agencies In Colorado, Jenna J. Slabaugh Jul 2011

Differences In Community Policing Definitions Of County And City La W Enforcement Agencies In Colorado, Jenna J. Slabaugh

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

While community policing has been around for decades and is widely adopted in law enforcement agencies throughout the US, there is no one accepted definition of this philosophy. This has led to departments around the country defining community policing differently. This comparative study utilized content analysis to compare the community policing definitions in county and city agencies located in Colorado. Further, a comparative analysis determined whether the type of agency influences how a department defines community policing. Survey research was be used to collect data for this study and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were employed.

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Animal Assisted Therapy: The Perception Of Animal Assisted Therapy Clinicians Regarding Active Participation In Treatment Therapies Of Juveniles In Detention Center Settings, Julia M. Lowe Jul 2011

Animal Assisted Therapy: The Perception Of Animal Assisted Therapy Clinicians Regarding Active Participation In Treatment Therapies Of Juveniles In Detention Center Settings, Julia M. Lowe

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Juvenile delinquent facilities have witnessed an increase in youthful offenders experiencing mental health disorders. Mental health clinicians have been required to implement new forms of mental health treatments to address the rise in this special population of juveniles. Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) has become a popular form of treatment in detention facilities. Qualitative data collection was administered using a focus group of three participants to examine clinicians' perceptions of juvenile participation during AAT. Clinicians perceived increased participation of juveniles participation in AAT. Clinicians also witnessed changes in juvenile behaviors within the detention facility, indicating juveniles participating in AAT were more …

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