Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Conceptualizing Great Power Perpetrators, Federica D'Alessandra

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

For over a decade, shifting geopolitics, a changed global security environment, and countless failures of diplomacy have raised important questions on how to collectively grapple with a widely-perceived “crisis of multilateralism,” and reignited debate on the fitness of the UN Security Council to deliver on its mandate under these circumstances. Among other issues, ongoing polarization when not outright “gridlock” among the Permanent Members (P5) has fueled the Council’s apparent inability to respond to threats to civilian life and to countless mass atrocities around the world. Even worse, as this article argues, some P5 today possess both the willingness and unprecedented …

A Century Of Scholarship: University Of Arkansas School Of Law Faculty Scholarship 1924–2023, Steven R. Probst

Arkansas Scholarly Editions

Steven R. Probst’s bibliography A Century of Scholarship: University of Arkansas School of Law Faculty Scholarship 1924–2023 marks an important anniversary: the 2024 centennial of the U of A School of Law. To honor this occasion, Probst has assembled, through extensive archival research, the list of publications that U of A law faculty have authored over the course of the school’s hundred-year history. A Century of Scholarship is a testament to the invaluable scholarly contributions of these extraordinary thinkers who have shaped our legal landscape.

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 65 Number 2, Fall 2024 [Print Issue 62:2], Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

12 - INCREASING ACCESS Discerning one’s dream requires a whole set of experiences based on community, opportunity, and, yes, cash. Leslie Griffy

16 - UNPACKING UTOPIA It seems like billionaire-backed utopias are popping up all over the map. What does it take to build a perfect city? Lauren Loftus

22 - A WEALTH OF WELL-BEING In his new book, Professor Meir Statman explores a holistic approach to financial and life well-being. Leslie Griffy

26 - A WOMAN'S PLACE Despite being denied access to the priesthood, Catholic women find new ways to lead. Leslie Griffy

Drones And Ai In Modern Warfare: A Security Analysist, Tze Fung Kao

Rwanda: Post-Genocide Restoration and Peacebuilding

Abstract

Artificial intelligence’s (AI) rapid development and integration into drone systems is reshaping modern warfare, with significant implications for international security. As seen in the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian and the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, AI-enabled drones are increasingly employed for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), loitering munitions, and swarm formations. The use of AI for autonomous target identification and decision-making raises both operational advantages and ethical concerns, particularly concerning accountability and the potential for unintended escalation. This paper explores the capabilities of AI drones, focusing on their implication for global security and stability and the growing challenge of regulating such systems. The proliferation …

Crime, Corruption, And Construction: Exploring The Impact Of The “Construction Mafia” On Public Infrastructure Development, Sada Kalbach

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Recent government policies and a state-led focus on “radical economic transformation” have spawned a range of business forums, colloquially known as the “construction mafia,” seeking to capitalize on economic reform. However, competition for construction contracts have led to the widespread use of intimidation, violence, and government corruption within the eThekwini Municipality. This research seeks to understand how the construction mafia in eThekwini impacts the local government’s ability to develop public infrastructure, as well as the extent to which government responses enable or hinder organized criminal networks in the construction industry. Utilizing a qualitative method of semi-structured one-on-one interviews and notes …

From Custom To Courtroom: The Informal And Formal Justice Systems In The Manang And Narphu Valleys, Clarissa Sayre

Nepal: Tibetan and Himalayan Peoples

This research paper aims to depict the structure and some of the current changes of the justice system in the Narphu and Manang Municipalities. The new Constitution of Nepal in 2015 mandated the establishment of one judicial committee in each municipality and rural municipality in the entire country. That’s 753 judicial committees. This is just one example of the recent and rapid change that the justice system in Nepal is currently undergoing. These new implementations of government bodies for justice aim to “mitigate the inefficiencies of the formal legal system and bridge the formal/informal justice divide. ” In both Narphu …

The Psychological Impacts Of Algorithmic And Ai-Driven Social Media On Teenagers: A Call To Action, Sunil Arora, Sahil Arora, John Hastings

Research & Publications

This study investigates the meta-issues surrounding social media, which, while theoretically designed to enhance social interactions and improve our social lives by facilitating the sharing of personal experiences and life events, often results in adverse psychological impacts. Our investigation reveals a paradoxical outcome: rather than fostering closer relationships and improving social lives, the algorithms and structures that underlie social media platforms inadvertently contribute to a profound psychological impact on individuals, influencing them in unforeseen ways. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among teenagers, who are disproportionately affected by curated online personas, peer pressure to present a perfect digital image, and the …

The Evolution Of The Trials Of The Last Military Dictatorship In Argentina: The Corporate Responsibility For Crimes Against Humanity, Jenna A. Milbrodt

Argentina: Social Movements and Human Rights

Los juicios de lesa humanidad en Argentina han cambiado mucho desde su comienzo en el año 1985. Esta evolución incluye los juicios a las juntas militares, los juicios a los civiles, los juicios por la verdad y los juicios de responsabilidad empresarial. Esta investigación analiza el papel de la responsabilidad empresarial en los crímenes de lesa humanidad durante la dictadura y los juicios de los empresarios que colaboraron con la dictadura por motivaciones económicas. Investiga la evidencia contra las empresas a través de los testimonios de las víctimas y los testigos. Los juicios a las grandes empresas sirven para mostrar …

Nebraska Transcript (University Of Nebraska College Of Law), Fall 2024

Nebraska Transcript

Dean’s Message

Alumni Master Jonathan Hatami, ’02, gives a voice to children in court

Ledford, ’25, leads OUTLaw with compassion in mind

Four Nebraska Law students attend Ms. JD Leadership Academy Intensive

Brummond named recipient of Limitless Leadership Award

Black Law Student Association champions representation in the legal profession

Professor Brandon Johnson: examining electoral jurisprudence

Suggs, ’79, reflects on Lennon case after nearly 45 years

Nebraska Law introduces new peer-reviewed law journal

Generations of Law graduates recognized with Nebraska Alumni Association Family Tree Award

Nebraska Law Review hosts symposium on democracy and trust

Cole leads establishment of Nebraska Innocence Clinic …

Finding The Thinkable Thoughts, Beth H. Wilensky

Reviews

When John B. West developed his legal classification system in the 1880s, he likely didn’t anticipate that his system of indexing the law would persist into the twenty-first century. But persist it has, and flourished, most prominently in the form of Westlaw’s headnote and key number system. West’s index built on several precursors, but it was his version, West’s American Digest, that established the foundations of the classification system that most modern legal researchers use today, in one form or another.

This history—of the late-nineteenth-century fascination with indexing—and much more is told in charming detail in Dennis Duncan’s Index, A …

Illegal, Unreported And Unregulated (Iuu) Fishing As Pathways To Human Trafficking: Navigating The Trafficked State Of Migrant Filipino Fishermen In J.W. Henley’S Migrante, Mary Harmony I. Guevarra

Akda: The Asian Journal of Literature, Culture, Performance

This study focuses on how J.W. Henley’s Migrante (2020) illustrates the synchroneity of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing to the human trafficking dynamics at sea, in which the maturation and onset of its male protagonist’s psychological and physiological damages confirm his trafficked state. This paper offers further scrutiny on the gendered footing of human trafficking and opens a reframing of its discourse. Migrante tells the painful story of Rizal, who finds employment in a fishing vessel on the shores of Su’ao, Taiwan; as his crew go about their routine at sea which is interspersed with illegal trades in the …

Humanitarian Parole To The United States: The Case Of A Gay Man Fleeing Afghanistan, Melanie Shapiro

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

This article will discuss my experience as an immigration attorney representing a gay man from Afghanistan fleeing the Taliban. First, it will give an overview of the Taliban’s role in Afghanistan and the Taliban takeover in August 2021. It will then discuss the treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in Afghanistan. Next, the article will discuss how I became involved in representing individuals fleeing Afghanistan and the humanitarian parole process.

Cartel Breakdown: The Impact Of Demonopsonization On Market Concentration, Nathan Ashby, Miguel A. Ramos-Gonzalez

Hunt Institute Working Paper Series

The exogenous removal of labor restrictions mandated by Alston vs. NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has provided a unique natural experiment for analyzing the impact of demonopsonization on market concentration. Using basketball tournament data between 2003 and 2024 we find evidence of increased concentration in performance among higher-tiered programs. The larger magnitude of estimates for women’s programs likely results from wider dispersion in market demand for participating programs predating the reforms. We also analyze parity in regular-season conference play and fail to detect a relationship between the changes and dispersion for higher-tiered conferences, but we do find a relationship for …

Unpacking Migration: Education, Livelihoods, And Local Choices In Nepal’S Ilam District, Katherine Lipman

Nepal: Development, Gender, and Social Change in the Himalaya

This research examines labor migration in Nepal, focusing on the Ilam district within Koshi Province, an area with high rates of outward migration. Drawing on a background in Industrial and Labor Relations, the study seeks to understand why some individuals choose to remain in communities characterized by extensive labor migration. By analyzing the impact of the "three U's"—unskilled, uneducated, and unaware—on migration decisions, the study investigates how local education systems, skill-building opportunities, and labor market alignment shape these choices. The research methodology blends qualitative and experiential approaches, including interviews with educators, community members, and workers, alongside immersive observation of daily …

An Updated Practical Guide To Taking And Defending Depositions, Gary S. Gildin

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

The deposition offers a singular opportunity to handcuff the deponent to an irreversible script. Consequently, both the attorney taking the deposition and defending counsel must prepare for and conduct the deposition with equal if not greater care than the trial.

Traditionally, lawyers have used the deposition to discover facts relating to the legal elements and the credibility, perception, and recollection of the witness. However, recent breakthroughs in neuroscience as to how the brain makes decisions have revealed a different genre of evidence that will drive how the trier of fact will decide the case. Today an attorney taking a deposition …

Expanding Emissions Markets To Reduce Agricultural Nitrogen Run-Off, Samantha Tweet, Amy Hardberger

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

Synthetic fertilizers have been critical in averting global food shortages; however, synthetic fertilizers and their production have led to numerous environmental harms, including greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and soil degradation.

Scientists are working on a new technology that will create a more efficient and less impactful fertilizer process, but the legal mechanisms to encourage widespread adoption and subsequent environmental benefits fall short. In the absence of regulation, market tools can encourage behavior change. If the pollution reduction by exchanging fertilizer is turned into a tradable asset, agricultural users can benefit financially, which lowers potential barriers to participation in a …

Historical Fire And Forest Structure In Western Dry Forests: Alternative Models, Controversies, And Management Plan Revision, Gordon Steinhoff

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

Management plan revision is currently underway for national forests in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, the Pacific Northwest, and other regions of the country under the U.S. Forest Service’s 2012 Planning Rule. With respect to dry ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada and Pacific Northwest, agency scientists and others claim that these forests were historically open and parklike, with primarily large, well-distributed trees, few smaller trees, and sparse underlying vegetation, leaf litter, and woody debris. Large, high-severity fire was rare. Fire exclusion since the early 1900s has led to the “densification” of these forests and unnatural …

Leading The Charge: How Increased Adoption Of Electric Vehicles Renews Calls For Data Privacy Protection In The United States, Patrick Rogers

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

This Note will examine the privacy risks associated with constructing the nationwide [electric vehicle] EV charging network and propose solutions to mitigate this risk. Part I of this Note will discuss the Biden Administration’s climate policy and legislation and focus on the transportation sector. Part II will explain EV charging and expound on the cybersecurity and privacy concerns of the charging process. Part III will survey the current regulatory landscape at the federal level and highlight California’s approach to data privacy. Finally, Part IV examines recently proposed federal and model state legislation in light of the Fair Information Practice Principles …

Kebijakan Transmigrasi Dalam Kerangka Kesejahteraan Sosial Dan Ketahanan Nasional Di Provinsi Lampung, Heru Susetyo, Satrio Febriyanto, Tien Tis’Aini Latifah, Deden Ardiansyah, Feymi Angelina, Ibrahim Ghifar Hamadi, Najma Izzatul Haq, Nurroby Fatih

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Transmigration in Lampung Province is part of Indonesia's national transmigration program, which aims to equalize development and reduce the population density of densely populated islands such as Java. Transmigration in Lampung began in 1905 with a colonial approach by the Dutch and continued during the Old Order New Order and began to decline after the 1998 reformation. The challenges of transmigration in Lampung include social and economic problems, integration of immigrants with local communities, and environmental impacts; the next challenge is the availability of health and welfare infrastructure and sustainable development. This study examines the dynamics of transmigration in Lampung …

Negara Hukum Kesejahteraan Di Batas Pantai: Paradoks Perlindungan Negara Terhadap Masyarakat Pesisir Di Tengah Perubahan Iklim, Aji Baskoro

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Climate change poses significant challenges to vulnerable coastal communities in Indonesia. As a welfare state, the Indonesian government is expected to safeguard these vulnerable groups through policies that promote their welfare and sustainable livelihoods. However, current policies create a paradox. This article explores this paradox: on the one hand, Indonesia adheres to the welfare state principle, which demands that all government actions be grounded in law, ensuring public safety and welfare. On the other hand, the policies focus on exploiting natural resources, exacerbating the vulnerabilities of coastal communities, particularly in the face of climate change. The article employs a normative …

Childhood Adversity's Impact On Criminal Behavior, Isobel Marie Avento

Theses and Dissertations

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and family criminal history, have been identified as potential risk factors for negative physical, psychological, and behavioral health outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that ACEs are also among the primary factors leading to delinquency and adult criminal behavior. However, there is limited applied research that provides practitioners with appropriate insight to intervene when ACEs are identified among juvenile delinquents to reduce recidivism risk. This study adds to the existing literature by examining how cumulative ACEs shape criminal behavior of individuals from the onset until its desistance over the span of twenty years. Using …

Shocking Sentences, John B. Meixner Jr.

Scholarly Works

Harsh recidivist sentencing penalties, like three-strikes laws, have been criticized heavily among both academics and practitioners on a number of different grounds. Most arguments focus on how sentences arising from these penalties are disproportionate—that there is no sensible relationship between the wrong committed and the sentence imposed. Those critiques are valid, but there’s another important problem with recidivist sentencing penalties that has been overlooked: they lead to sentences that are totally unexpected—indeed, shocking—to the defendants who face them. Many recidivist sentencing penalties cause large leaps in sentencing exposure that amount to exponential growth when compared with a defendant’s prior sentences. …

Trust And Robotics: A Multi-Staged Decision-Making Approach To Robots In Community, Wenxi Zhang, Willow Wong, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

With the desired outcome of social good within the wider robotics ecosystem, trust is identified as the central adhesive of the human–robot interaction (HRI) interface. However, building trust between humans and robots involves more than improving the machine’s technical reliability or trustworthiness in function. This paper presents a holistic, community-based approach to trust-building, where trust is understood as a multifaceted and multi-staged looped relation that depends heavily on context and human perceptions. Building on past literature that identifies dispositional and learned stages of trust, our proposed decision to trust model considers more extensively the human and situational factors influencing how …

Classifying Open Access Business Models, Tasha Mellins-Cohen

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

The proliferation of open access (OA) business models has been rapid, presenting challenges for stakeholders in communicating and working effectively with one another. This article aims to clarify terminologies and address the inconsistencies and gaps in previous attempts to categorize OA models, supporting informed decision-making. It presents five core types, each with distinct characteristics and implications for funding, equity, and implementation. Operating at the level of individual pieces of content, transactional models expose authors to the financial implications of their decisions to make content OA; they often must pay out of their own funds. Driven by negotiations between libraries or …

Law Library Blog (October 2024): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Law Library Newsletters/Blog

No abstract provided.

China And Global Trade Order Post Ukraine War: From Value Chains To Values Chains, Henry S. Gao

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

China has long been hailed as the biggest success story in economic development through integration into global value chains, especially since its accession to the WTO 20 years ago. However, it is much less well-known how China refitted the global value chain narrative to influence economic analysis and trade governance. At the same time, the value chains analysis also backfired when the U.S. tried to cut China out of its supply chains and pushed for decoupling with China, while China itself started to abuse its role in value chains for political gains. The process was further accelerated by the Ukraine …

Theistic Illiberal Constitutionalism: A Review Of Adrian Vermeule’S Common Good Constitutionalism, Kyron J. Huigens

Articles

Adrian Vermeule’s Common Good Constitutionalism drew a remarkable amount of attention from constitutional law scholars when it was published in 2020. About eighteen months later, Vermeule published a piece complaining that the critics had missed the point, that they had ignored the natural law jurisprudence that grounds the work. He was correct. This Review addresses Vermeule’s natural law jurisprudence, emphasizing the fact that it is a religious natural law jurisprudence. His arguments are in the tradition of ScholasticismAristotelian logic incorporated into Christian theology by St. Thomas Aquinas. Scholasticism is a remarkably weak foundation for constitutional jurisprudence. It is a vast …

Mass Shootings In The United States, Sydney Livingston

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

High rates of mass shootings are becoming a uniquely American problem; the US makes up 73% of the world’s mass shootings, yet makes up only 4.25% of the world’s population. School shootings, in particular, have increased dramatically in the US since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999, an event many perpetrators have since drawn upon as inspiration. There is a strong divide of opinions in the nation regarding how firearm deaths should be reduced, which has complicated and slowed progress in identifying effective solutions. Each mass shooting causes additional shootings to occur, and each one takes a toll on …

Effects Of Gerrymandering On State Social Policy, Gary D. Brinker

eJournal of Public Affairs

Partisan Bias occurs when an election results in a party gleaning a significantly different proportion of legislative seats than the proportion of votes cast for that party. It can be strategically produced via gerrymandering and is thought by many to threaten the basic principles of democracy. This research uses the 2022 state election results to compute statewide measures of Partisan Bias, then analyzes the correlation with controversial state social policies. Results showed that the redistricting method used and the percent of the party’s legislators were related to Partisan Bias. Analysis also showed that Partisan Bias explains significant levels of variance …

Assessing Inclusivity Vs. Exclusivity: Impacts On Asean Trade Facilitation And Human Security, Ika Riswanti Putranti, Hardi Warsono, Valeria Paganizza, Dedi Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Faizal Alfian, Muhammad Subhan, Anjani Tri Fatharini, Maula Hudaya, Muhammad Arief Zuliyan, Dewi Setiyaningsih

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The ATIGA (Association of Southeast Asian Nations Trade in Goods Agreement) is an evolution of economic cooperation among ASEAN member countries which began in 1977 with the PTA (Preferential Trade Agreement) embryonic concept and was developed in the 1990s with the CEPT (Common Effective Preferential Tariff). It has driven a significant increase in intra-trade and external trade in the Southeast Asian region. The agreement was to establish a free trade zone that provides the concept of “preferences” by reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers for member countries in order to encourage regional economic growth through trade creation and trade diversion is …