Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Research Impact Of Paywalled Versus Open Access Papers, Éric Archambault, Grégoire Côté, Brooke Struck, Matthieu Voorons

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

This note presents data from the 1science OAIndx on the average of relative citations (ARC) for 3.3 million papers published from 2007 to 2009 and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS). These data show a decidedly large citation advantage for open access (OA) papers, despite them suffering from a lag in availability compared to paywalled papers.

There is an abundant literature on the citation advantage of OA papers, starting with a succinct communication by Lawrence (2001). Several studies have been listed by SPARC, the majority of which support the idea that when papers are openly available, they are more …

W&L Law Library Annual Report 2015-2016, The Law Library At Washington And Lee University School Of Law

Law Library Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Outliving Love: Marital Estrangement In An African Insurance Market, Casey Golomski

Anthropology

Marital estrangement and formal divorce are vital conjunctures for married women’s kinship relations and life course, where a horizon of future possibilities are revalued and negotiated at the interstices of custom, law, and social and ritual obligations. In this article, after delineating the forms of customary and civil marriage and the possibilities for divorce or estrangement from each, I describe how some married women in Swaziland and South Africa mediate this complex social field for their children and families through pensions and continuing to pay for their partners’ insurance coverage. This was not solely out of avarice to reap future …

A Review Of Needs And Challenges Facing Unaccompanied Alien Children (Uac) Released Into U.S. Communities, Dorothy L. Mcleod

Center for the Human Rights of Children

Immigrant children (<18 years) who enter the United States alone and without legal status are defined as unaccompanied alien children (UAC ), according to United States law. Between 2013 and 2015, the number of unaccompanied immigrant children arriving at the United States-Mexico border increased dramatically, reaching a peak of over 55,000 in FY 2014. While a number of research and policy documents detail the movement of youth through the immigration system, little is known about this population after their release to sponsors in the U.S. The current research brief synthesizes the existing research using a multi-disciplinary approach. We have chosen to prioritize peer-reviewed research, but have also included information from governmental and NGO reports. Each of the following sections summarizes the research on a different aspect of youth’s postr-elease adjustment to life in the United States. We conclude the report with a list of unanswered research questions.

The Future Of Law Libraries, Tina M. Brooks, Franklin L. Runge, Beau Steenken

Law Faculty Popular Media

Law libraries are filed with the rules that govern our society, thoughtful scholars, conscientious lawyers, some hard working students, and some procrastinating students. In the past, this required libraries to collect hardbound volumes and loose leafs. Today, the collection is beginning to give way to research platforms filed with those same, or similar, materials and then some; much of the primary legal documentation is even freely available on the web.

While the physical footprint of the library may be smaller as a result of this transition, the amount of legal information that researchers have access to has grown exponentially. We …

U.S. State Building And The Second Amendment, Darren Dale Gil

Dissertations

This dissertation used a comparative case study strategy employing a mixed methods thematic content analysis approach¹ to explore U.S. government support for Second Amendment freedoms as compared to other freedoms in the U.S. Bill of Rights in American-led state-building projects in Cuba (1898-1901), Germany (1945-1949), and Iraq (2003-2005). The dissertation tested for Republican and Democratic political party support regarding Second Amendment freedoms in U.S. state-building projects. Findings from the three case studies showed that the American government did not support individual arms rights in its state-building efforts as it did with the other nine Bill of Rights freedoms. Findings …

Product Intervention For Retail Structured Investment Products: A Comparison Of Rules In Singapore, Hong Kong And Taiwan, Christopher C. H. Chen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article compares new product intervention rules in Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan for complex structured investment products. Singapore’s approach is to improve firms’ internal safeguard, while Hong Kong’s approach is to require prior authorisation for new unlisted structured investment products by the securities regulator. Taiwan’s approach is to have a self regulatory body reviewing a product beforehand. This article argues that it is difficult to review the merit of a financial product in advance and thus it is difficult to have a true gatekeeper for toxic financial products. Before product intervention, we must first identify clear objectives. Regulators have …

Hedging The Aging Society: Challenges To The Insurance Market And Law In Singapore, Christopher C. H. Chen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The greying of society has become a significant problem in Singapore and many parts of Asia, putting great financial pressure on various aspects of the economy, including the insurance and pension markets. In this article, we generally examine certain key aspect of legal infrastructure in Singapore to see if insurance law and financial regulations in Singapore is well equipped to cope with potential problems from an aging society in the near future. In addition to conventional insurance products, we also explore other ways to hedge the so-called ‘longevity risk’ by alternative risk management products in both the wholesale and retail …

The Audacity Of Schooling’S Faith, Tan K. B. Eugene

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

For a young country starved of sporting success on the world stage, Singapore has lionised and feted its Rio Oympics hero, Joseph Schooling, since his sensational victory in the 100m butterfly event — and rightfully so.

Law And Order: Lawsuit, Regulations And Implementation Of S.T.E.M. O.P.T. At The University Of Arkansas, Alexandra M. Wallace

Capstone Collection

In 2015, Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) reported that over 1,054,000 international students were studying in the United States in F-1 student status (SEVP, 2015). F-1 status comes with many regulations and benefits, such as Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allows students with F-1 status to work after they complete a degree from an American higher education institution. Students in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields are allowed an additional 24-months of OPT, called STEM OPT. While this is a benefit in many senses, it is accompanied by a lot of responsibility for the student, the university …

Jury Bias: Myth And Reality, Callie K. Terris

Politics Summer Fellows

Juries are often thought of as being fair and crucial to producing fair trials. Things such as scientific jury selection (SJS), peremptory challenges, jury size, and jury nullification skew jury verdicts by introducing biases that reflect the attitudes, characteristics, and behaviors of jurors. This paper demonstrates how bias is formed starting during the voir dire process and continuing until the rendering of a verdict. Each bias can lead to wrongful convictions such as conviction of the innocent or acquittal of the guilty. With a system that prides itself on the notion that justice is blind, the bias that is created …

Why You Can’T Count On Congress To Rein In A President Trump, Lori Cox Han

Political Science Faculty Articles and Research

"Donald Trump has made many promises on the campaign trail about things he will fix (a broken immigration system), change (the way trade deals are negotiated), and build (a wall on the southern border) if elected president. Those who do not support Trump, regardless of political party, comfort themselves with the constitutional reminder that our government includes three co-equal branches designed to protect against the accumulation of too much power in too few hands. Those checks and balances aside, could President Trump accomplish any of his stated objectives through unilateral actions?"

Effective Local Strategies To Boost Quality Job Creation, Employment And Participation, Randall W. Eberts

Presentations

No abstract provided.

1921 - Third Biennial Report Of The State Water Commission Of California

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The State Water Commission, an administrative and quasi-judicial body having supervision over the acquisition and defining of water rights and the use of water from the natural stream channels and lakes of California, was created to carry out the terms of the Water Commission Act of 1913. The act provided for a definite record of water right titles and constituted a code of water law governing the use of surface water and underground water flowing through known and definite channels, based upon rights by appropriation. The third report of the Water Commission noted the increase in work in terms of …

1916 - Irrigation Districts In California, 1887-1915, Bulletin No. 2

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The 1916 report covers the establishment of irrigation districts between 1887 and 1915. Under the Wright Act of 1887, the State sought to conferred on farming communities powers of municipalities in the purchase or construction and operation of irrigation works. The report considered the old irrigation districts from the point of view of what seemed to have been their purpose. They were grouped as follows:

Districts essentially nonspeculative and· formed to meet a bona fide demand for new irrigation works: Orland, Kraft, Orland Southside, Central, Colusa, Browns Valley, Modesto, Turloek, Huron, Tipton, Tule · River, Kern and Tulare, Poso, Ama'rgeza, …

1919 - Summary Of The Annual Reports Of The Farm Advisors Of California, Circular No. 208

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The report discusses in some detail establishment of the Agricultural extension organization ultimately in every county by the placement of a farm advisor or county agent. In California, the local farm bureau acted as a cooperating agency through which the farm advisor could reach a wide range of activities; i.e., advice from the best farmers in the county as to what could be done and how to do it, ability to reach every community in the county, and provide a plan for organized self-help. The farm advisors coordinated the efforts of Federal, State and local agricultural organizations to encourage farmers …

1945 - Irrigation Requirements Of California Crops, Bulletin No. 51

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

This 1945 report addresses the issue of water being the limiting factor in the expansion of irrigated areas. The increasing cost of new projects not only approached the capital values that newly irrigated lands might profitably support but in many cases exceeded them and other benefits were evaluated to justify construction. Conservation of existing water supplies was therefore of the first importance in the economy of the irrigated west. Savings in irrigation seldom exist where water was plentiful but where it was scarce conserving methods were the rule, wasteful practices were avoided, and water was carefully applied. It was axiomatic …

An Event Study Of Patent Verdicts And Judicial Leakage, Bryan Engelhardt, Zachary Fernandes

Economics Department Working Papers

To check for the impartiality of the United States judicial system, we investigate whether judicial decisions are leaked prior to their public release. Utilizing an event study methodology, we test for leaked information by analyzing the effect of patent infringement verdicts on the stock prices of the firms involved before and after the public release of the verdict. We find evidence that at least some of the decisions are leaked prior to their public release.

1893 - Resources Of California, H. H. Markham

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

This 1893 publication that highlights the resources of the State of California was prepared in response to State legislation requiring that the report be prepared for distribution at the World's Columbian Exposition. It includes a description of each county, including area, population, chief industry, climate and soils, that would assist the intending settler "in forming his judgment as to which part of the State offered immediate advantages in the pursuit of the vocation he chose to follow."

1901 - Report Of Irrigation Investigations In California

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The 1901 Report of the Irrigation Investigations in California under the auspices of Elwood Mead, Expert in Charge was premised on the growing value and increasing scarcity of water creating, in turn, the need for better laws to control the distribution of streams in California. In order to promote the more rapid and successful development of the State's resources, the general conclusions of those taking part in the investigations indicated the need for and nature of the reforms required to put agriculture under irrigation on a ore enduring and satisfactory basis.

1877 Tribes Of California, Contributions To North American Ethnology, Vol. Iii, Stephen Powers

California Indians and USA

This 1877 report references 36 Tribes of California including, but not limited to, their habitats, customs, sustenance, mythology and language. The report concludes with chapters on General Facts regarding the natives of California, Aboriginal Botany and thoughts on prehistoric California. [Pages 4 and five of the Preface are missing.]

1982 - Grants Of Land In California Made By Spanish Or Mexican Authorities

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The 1982 California State Land Commission publication provides the historical background of landownership in California that led to the private land claims and subsequent patents issued. Contains discussion of the missions, presidios and pueblos. Provides a listing by each county of the name of the rancho (grant), patentee, patent date, patent number, watercourse, Township and Range, and the amount of acreage.

1893 - History Of Political Conventions In California, 1849-1892, Winfield J. Davis

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The manuscript and copyright of this 1893 book written by Winfred J. Davis was purchased by the California State Library with the proviso that the Library publish the book thereby ensuring that it was preserved and made accessible. The document details the history of the California Political Conventions between 1849 and 1892 covering, but not limited to, the conventions held by the Democrats, Whigs, No-Nothing Party, Republicans, settlers and miners, Temperance, Douglas Democrats, and Breckenridge Democrats.

1804 - Map Of The Kingdom Of New Spain

Pre-1824 Maps

This 1804 map of the Kingdom of New Spain provides a general overview of the Spanish lands from the parallel of 16° to 38° North. The map author was Alexandre Du Humboldt.

1886 - The Irrigation Question, Memorandum Transmitted To The Legislature Of California, Wm. Ham. Hall

Miscellaneous Documents and Reports

The 1886 abstract prepared by William H. Hall of a report he would write on the question of irrigation in California. Hall notes the lack of useful irrigation laws, the detriment, noting that English law of riparian rights should not become a rule of property in California. Hall discusses the need for irrigation in California to be a necessary common or public use of waters that would be founded upon public control of water supplies and this must rest on public ownership of streams.

1993 Map Of Mission San Antonio De Padua National Historic Landmark District

Mission Maps

The March 5, 1993 map of Mission San Antonio De Padua National Historic Landmark District with mission site plan depicts national historic landmarks, historic and archeological sites, Mission Zanja [Aqueduct] System, as well as buildings and structures.

How Personality Affects Vulnerability Among Israelis And Palestinians Following The 2009 Gaza Conflict, Daphna Canetti, Shaul Kimhi, Rasmiyah Hanoun, Gabriel A. Rocha, Sandro Galea, Charles A. Morgan Iii

National Security Faculty Publications

Can the onset of PTSD symptoms and depression be predicted by personality factors and thought control strategies? A logical explanation for the different mental health outcomes of individuals exposed to trauma would seem to be personality factors and thought control strategies. Trauma exposure is necessary but not sufficient for the development of PTSD. To this end, we assess the role of personality traits and coping styles in PTSD vulnerability among Israeli and Palestinian students amid conflict.We also determine whether gender and exposure level to trauma impact the likelihood of the onset of PTSD symptoms. Five questionnaires assess previous trauma, PTSD …

1905, July - Map Of The Salinas Valley Beet Districts No. 3 - Spreckels Sugar Company

Groundwater Basin Maps

This 1905 map depicts the water distribution system of Spreckles Sugar Company, District No. 3, along with the sugar beet growers in Salinas River Valley, Monterey.

How Open Science Helps Researchers Succeed, Erin Mckiernan, Philip E. Bourne, C. Titus Brown, Stuart Buck, Amye Kenall, Jennifer Lin, Damon Mcdougall, Brian A. Nosek, Karthik Ram, Courtney K. Soderberg, Jeffrey R. Spies, Kaitlin Thaney, Andrew Updegrove, Kara H. Woo, Tal Yarkoni

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Open access, open data, open source, and other open scholarship practices are growing in popularity and necessity. However, widespread adoption of these practices has not yet been achieved. One reason is that researchers are uncertain about how sharing their work will affect their careers. We review literature demonstrating that open research is associated with increases in citations, media attention, potential collaborators, job opportunities, and funding opportunities. These findings are evidence that open research practices bring significant benefits to researchers relative to more traditional closed practices.

Crime, Morality, And Republicanism, Richard Dagger

Political Science Faculty Publications

One of the abiding concerns of the philosophy of law has been to establish the relationship between law and morality. Within the criminal law, this concern often takes the form of debates over legal moralism--that is, "the position that immorality is sufficient for criminalization" (Alexander 2003: 131). This paper approaches these debates from the perspective of the recently revived republican tradition in politics and law. Contrary to what is usually taken to be liberalism's hostility to legal moralism, and especially to attempts to promote virtue through the criminal law, the republican approach takes the promotion of virtue to be one …