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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Institutional Change And Innovation System Transformation: A Tale Of Two Academies, Maria Karaulova, Oliver Shackleton, Weishu Liu, Abdullah Gok, Philip Shapira Oct 2016

Institutional Change And Innovation System Transformation: A Tale Of Two Academies, Maria Karaulova, Oliver Shackleton, Weishu Liu, Abdullah Gok, Philip Shapira

Philip Shapira

This paper investigates interactions between institutional adaptation and the transformation of science and innovation systems by analysing change and adjustment in post-socialist science academies. Two leading examples are examined: the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). A heuristic framework of institutional change markers is applied to the analysis of nanotechnology research in both countries. We draw on bibliometric sources, interviews and secondary sources. We find that while the two Academies share a common past as the dominant research agents in their respective systems, their current positions and trajectories now differ. The nanotechnology case shows …


Russia And The Cis In 2008 : Axis Of Authoritarianism?, Charles E. Ziegler Sep 2016

Russia And The Cis In 2008 : Axis Of Authoritarianism?, Charles E. Ziegler

Charles E. Ziegler

Russia’s seamless presidential succession produced no major changes in domestic politics or foreign policy. Ties with Asia remained strong, though several key relationships—with China, Japan, and the Central Asian states—frayed under the impact of Russia’s military action in Georgia. Impressive economic performance in the first half of the year boosted Russian confidence as a great power, but its vulnerability to the global financial crisis together with the heavy-handed operation in the Caucasus undermined Moscow’s standing with both Asia and Europe by the end of the year.


Russia And The Cis In 2007 : Putin's Final Year?, Charles E. Ziegler Sep 2016

Russia And The Cis In 2007 : Putin's Final Year?, Charles E. Ziegler

Charles E. Ziegler

Russia in 2007 moved further away from a constitutional order governed by the rule of law as President Vladimir Putin's second term drew to a close and the country prepared for parliamentary and presidential elections. High oil and gas prices buoyed the economy, but little progress was made in addressing Russia's serious social problems. In foreign policy, confrontation with the West was balanced by excellent relations with most of Asia.


Central Asia, The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, And American Foreign Policy : From Indifference To Engagement., Charles E. Ziegler Sep 2016

Central Asia, The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, And American Foreign Policy : From Indifference To Engagement., Charles E. Ziegler

Charles E. Ziegler

This paper examines U.S. engagement in Central Asia over the past two decades, with specific reference to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. While alarmist voices occasionally warn of the threat to American interests from China and Russia through the SCO, the organization’s influence appears limited. Washington has engaged it only sporadically, preferring to conduct relations bilaterally with the Central Asian states.


The Place Of Economics In Russian Identity Debates, Peter Rutland Dec 2015

The Place Of Economics In Russian Identity Debates, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

How economics is used in arguments over national interests and national identity in contemporary Russia.


The Limits Of Russia's 'Soft Power', Peter Rutland, Andrei Kazantsev Dec 2015

The Limits Of Russia's 'Soft Power', Peter Rutland, Andrei Kazantsev

Peter Rutland

Russia’s efforts to boost its ‘soft power’ influence have not been very successful. This is because of a misunderstanding of the character of soft power, compounded by increased use of military force in recent years which undermined Russia’s soft power image.


The Anatomy Of The Russian Elite, Peter Rutland Dec 2015

The Anatomy Of The Russian Elite, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

This paper uses John Higley’s elite theory to analyze the sources of cohesion and fragmentation in Russia’s post-soviet political and economic elites. Putin has achieved temporary stability but has not succeeded in forging a unified elite.


Petronation? Oil, Gas, And National Identity In Russia, Peter Rutland Dec 2014

Petronation? Oil, Gas, And National Identity In Russia, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

Based on survey research, elite interviews, and an analysis of media treatment, this article explores the place of oil and gas in Russia’s national narrative and self-identity. Objectively, Russia’s economic development, political stability, and ability to project power abroad rest on its oil and gas resources. Subjectively, however, Russians are somewhat reluctant to accept that oil and gas dependency is part of their national identity. This is particularly true of the elites who play a crucial role in defining the dominant national narrative. Ordinary Russians generally have quite positive attitudes about the role of Gazprom and Russia’s emergence as an …


An Unnecessary War: The Geopolitical Roots Of The Ukraine Crisis, Peter Rutland Dec 2014

An Unnecessary War: The Geopolitical Roots Of The Ukraine Crisis, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

To a large degree, the tragic events that unfolded in Ukraine in 2013-14 were driven by developments beyond Ukraine’s borders. Of course, domestic factors also played a crucial role, and Ukrainian political actors at all points across the political spectrum must share in the blame for what transpired. But it was Ukraine’s ambiguous geopolitical position, and the clumsy interventions of competing outside powers pursuing their own self-centered agendas, that pushed Ukraine’s log-jammed domestic politics over the brink into violent civil war.


Cold War Ii: Those Evil Russkie He-Men Are Making Us Frack Ourselves,, Michael I. Niman Ph.D. Apr 2014

Cold War Ii: Those Evil Russkie He-Men Are Making Us Frack Ourselves,, Michael I. Niman Ph.D.

Michael I Niman Ph.D.

You have to admit, the timing is convenient, both for us handsome free Americans and for the cursed Russians. If you’re Russian, forget about the regular jailing of protesters and musicians, your he-man government and its bizarre hatred of gay folks, the degradation of your environment and rape of your natural resources, and the rise of a billionaire mafioso class. You now have rude hubristic Americans to monopolize your hate and fear. Ditto for Americans. Forget every issue we were fretting about the day before masked, Russian-speaking troops swarmed over the border and “did not invade” Crimea, annexing it and …


Power Struggle Over Ukraine: Systemic Observations, Zenonas Tziarras Feb 2014

Power Struggle Over Ukraine: Systemic Observations, Zenonas Tziarras

Zenonas Tziarras

The Syrian civil war and now Ukraine. These are only two examples of crises over which the United States and Russia have bumped heads recently. Some might be tempted to call this a “new Cold War,” but it’s really not. Yes, the geopolitical competition and power struggle might be obvious and similar. And even the race for maximizing the spheres of influence. But the ideological context is different and therefore there is no clash of politico-economic systems, not to mention that calling the current international system “bipolar” is simplistic, to say the least. What we have now is a primarily …


The Impact Of Sanctions On Russia, Peter Rutland Dec 2013

The Impact Of Sanctions On Russia, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

The economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the West after its occupation of Crimea had a greater economic impact than Putin anticipated, but his grip on political power grew even stronger.


To Compete Globally, Brics Nations Need Reputation, Not Imitation, Ahmed E. Souaiaia May 2013

To Compete Globally, Brics Nations Need Reputation, Not Imitation, Ahmed E. Souaiaia

Ahmed E SOUAIAIA

The economic, political, and social rise of the Western block of nations was founded on the single most enduring currency: reputation. Reputation, the source of credibility and trust, is the real asset that allows the U.S. to project its stature around the world. BRICS nations cannot rise to prominence by mimicking developed countries. They must build their reputation first. Wealth is only a byproduct of this more precious commodity, and countries who have it can squander it just as emerging economies can acquire it. For either of those results to happen in any country, circumstantial conditions and principled actions must …


Neoliberalism In Russia, Peter Rutland Mar 2013

Neoliberalism In Russia, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

Under both Yeltsin and Putin, Russia’s elite willingly embraced some aspects of the neoliberal package, while rejecting others. This article systematically reviews the impact and consequences of neoliberal ideas in Russia's economic transition since 1991. Critics of neoliberalism typically exaggerate the degree to which Russian elites were 'forced' to accept the Washington Consensus. While influenced by neoliberal ideas in some respects, the Russian transition was primarily shaped by domestic interests and values.


Rebuilding 2014 Afghanistan (Pakistan Observer), Shams Uz Zaman Mr. Feb 2013

Rebuilding 2014 Afghanistan (Pakistan Observer), Shams Uz Zaman Mr.

Mr. Shams uz Zaman

Proposes a strategy to rebuild Afghanistan.


The Political Economy Of Putin 3.0, Peter Rutland Dec 2012

The Political Economy Of Putin 3.0, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

After his return to the presidency in 2012 Putin launched a series of ambitious centrally-directed programs to try to stimulate economic growth and address some social problems. This has often been overlooked as people focused on the politics of his turn towards authoritarianism.


Geopolitics Of The Kaliningrad Exclave And Enclave: Russian And Eu Perspectives, Alexander Diener, Joshua Hagen Aug 2012

Geopolitics Of The Kaliningrad Exclave And Enclave: Russian And Eu Perspectives, Alexander Diener, Joshua Hagen

Joshua Hagen

Two U.S. political geographers examine a range of geopolitical issues associated with the shifting sovereignty of Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast (a part of the former German province of East Prussia) during the 20th century, as well as the region's evolving geopolitical status as a consequence of the European Union's enlargement to embrace Poland and Lithuania. They argue that Kaliningrad today can be considered a "double" borderland, situated simultaneously on the European Union's border with Russia as well as physically separated from Russia, its home country, by the surrounding land boundaries of EU states. Although technically neither an exclave nor an enclave, …


Nanotechnology Policy In Russia: Can An Emerging Technology Push A Country Onto A New Development Trajectory?, Evgeny A. Klochikhin Jun 2011

Nanotechnology Policy In Russia: Can An Emerging Technology Push A Country Onto A New Development Trajectory?, Evgeny A. Klochikhin

Evgeny A. Klochikhin

In 2001 Goldman Sachs predicted that a group of emerging markets – Brazil, Russia, India and China – will surpass leading economies by 2050. Nevertheless, we seem to have studied little about the mechanisms of success and failure in these countries in the recent decade. In this paper I focus on one of these giants – Russia – which seems seriously understudied but retains important creative and science and technology potential capable of pushing the country onto a new development trajectory.

Russia sees nanotechnology as one of the major technological platforms that could help it achieve the established growth objectives. …


(Not So) Special Relationships, Dylan Kissane Nov 2010

(Not So) Special Relationships, Dylan Kissane

Dylan Kissane

CEFAM Cutting Edge #1 (18 November 2010 / B-316 / 15h)

Do the English speaking countries have a special relationship? If one English speaking country becomes involved in a war do others rush to assist them? What explains why English speaking countries sometimes stand as one but other times stand alone? This presentation takes the 20th century as a case study of Anglophone (non)cooperation and explains why national interests will always override international friendship.


The Role Of "Marriage Agencies" In The Sexual Exploitation And Trafficking Of Women From The Former Soviet Union, Donna M. Hughes Dr. Dec 2003

The Role Of "Marriage Agencies" In The Sexual Exploitation And Trafficking Of Women From The Former Soviet Union, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

Each year, tens of thousands of women leave the countries of the former Soviet Union for destinations all over the world. Driven by poverty, unemployment, and media images of Western lifestyles, women accept risky offers of employment and marriage in hope of finding a better life,