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Articles 31 - 60 of 144

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Hidden History: The Whitewashing Of The 1917 East St. Louis Riot, Samanthé Bachelier Nov 2017

Hidden History: The Whitewashing Of The 1917 East St. Louis Riot, Samanthé Bachelier

The Confluence (2009-2020)

A bloody riot erupted in East St. Louis in the summer of 1917 that resulted in the massacre of dozens of African Americans. Bachelier argues that the history of the history of the riot is also telling about views about race both at the time and since.


What Not To Wear To A Riot: Fashioning Race, Class, And Gender Respectability Amidst Racial Violence, Lou W. Robinson Nov 2017

What Not To Wear To A Riot: Fashioning Race, Class, And Gender Respectability Amidst Racial Violence, Lou W. Robinson

The Confluence (2009-2020)

The descriptions of participants and events in the 1917 East St. Louis riot carried messages about biases. Lou W. Robinson argues that even descriptions of the ways African American women were dressed at the time conveyed biases that sought to question the morals and respectability of women living in East St. Louis at the time.


A New England Abolitionist Visits A St. Louis Slave Trader, Kenneth H. Winn Nov 2017

A New England Abolitionist Visits A St. Louis Slave Trader, Kenneth H. Winn

The Confluence (2009-2020)

When the crisis in Kansas over allowing—or banning—slavery in the territory erupted in 1854, it became a symbol of the cause for both southerners and northern abolitionists. Noted abolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson traveled to Kansas in 1856. On his way, he stopped in St. Louis and visited a slave auction. Kenneth Winn introduces Higginson’s account, reprinted here.


Fall 2017/Winter 2018, Full Issue Nov 2017

Fall 2017/Winter 2018, Full Issue

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith Nov 2017

From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


The Impact Of Jewish American Identity And Assimilation In The Reform Movement, Tanya Jones Nov 2017

The Impact Of Jewish American Identity And Assimilation In The Reform Movement, Tanya Jones

The Confluence (2009-2020)

Tanya Jones explores the role of the Reform movement to blend American identity and Judaism in the Gilded Age, using St. Louis as a case study. This essay is the winner of the 2017 Morrow Prize, presented annually by the Missouri Conference on History for the best student paper on a Missouri topic presented at its annual conference in March.


Strengthening Slavery’S Border, Undermining Slavery: Fugitive Slaves And The Legal Regulation Of Black Mississippi River Crossing, 1804-1860, Jesse Nasta May 2017

Strengthening Slavery’S Border, Undermining Slavery: Fugitive Slaves And The Legal Regulation Of Black Mississippi River Crossing, 1804-1860, Jesse Nasta

The Confluence (2009-2020)

In the decades before the Civil War, St. Louis sat on a border between slave and free states. Jesse Nasta documents the role of common carriers—steamboats—on the Mississippi River for escaping slaves and the efforts of government to hold steamboat operators accountable for those escapes—efforts that reached all the way to the Missouri Supreme Court. This article is the recipient of the 2017 Tatom Award for the best student paper on a regional topic.


From Prairie To Destination: The Story Of South Grand, Andrew Weil, Josh Burbridge May 2017

From Prairie To Destination: The Story Of South Grand, Andrew Weil, Josh Burbridge

The Confluence (2009-2020)

The business district on South Grand between Arsenal and Utah streets evolved from a prairie setting into a thriving business district when streetcars arrived. In this essay, Andrew Weil and Josh Burbridge chart the evolution of the business district through its architecture.


From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith May 2017

From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


Big Spring And Recharge Area And The Possibility Of Lead Mining, Quinta Scott May 2017

Big Spring And Recharge Area And The Possibility Of Lead Mining, Quinta Scott

The Confluence (2009-2020)

In this second installment of her series of environmental studies, Quinta Scott examines the impact of lead mining on the region.


Spring/Summer 2017, Full Issue May 2017

Spring/Summer 2017, Full Issue

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


“The City Is Filled With Exhibitions & Places Of Amusement”: George And Clara Catlin In London, Jeffrey Smith May 2017

“The City Is Filled With Exhibitions & Places Of Amusement”: George And Clara Catlin In London, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

George Catlin traveled to London and, later, Paris to exhibit and sell paintings of western Native Americans in the 1840s. His wife, Clara, joined him and sent these letters home about the experience.


Over The Santa Fe Trail To Mexico: The Diaries And Autobiography Of Dr. Rowland Willard, 1825–1828, Joy Poole Nov 2016

Over The Santa Fe Trail To Mexico: The Diaries And Autobiography Of Dr. Rowland Willard, 1825–1828, Joy Poole

The Confluence (2009-2020)

Rowland Willard’s journey to Mexico is more than a travel account. He gives us insights into the nature of medicine, the ways people interacted with the land, and the nature of a new emerging blended culture of Americans, Mexicans, and native peoples in what became the American southwest.


From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith Nov 2016

From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


William Clark, Black Hawk, And The Militarization Of Indian Removal, Jeffrey Smith Nov 2016

William Clark, Black Hawk, And The Militarization Of Indian Removal, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

What became known as Black Hawk’s War pointed to the problems with treaties signed between the United States government and native tribes. Misunderstandings, cultural differences, and changing demands for land contributed to Indian removal, which erupted into warfare between the Sauk and Fox tribes and the United States Army. Former explorer William Clark was in the center of it.


Fall-Winter 2016–2017, Full Issue Nov 2016

Fall-Winter 2016–2017, Full Issue

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


So Much To Learn: The Ozark National Scenic Riverways And Its Karst Landscape, Quinta Scott Nov 2016

So Much To Learn: The Ozark National Scenic Riverways And Its Karst Landscape, Quinta Scott

The Confluence (2009-2020)

Emerging from Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, the Ozark National Scenic Riverway profoundly changed both the long-term landscape in the region and the ways people used that land, as Quinta Scott’s elaborately illustrated article suggests.


Manifesting Anti-Expansionist Anxiety At New York’S American Art-Union: A Sociopolitical Interpretation Of George Caleb Bingham’S 1845 Paintings, The Concealed Enemy And Fur Traders Descending The Missouri, Joan Stack May 2016

Manifesting Anti-Expansionist Anxiety At New York’S American Art-Union: A Sociopolitical Interpretation Of George Caleb Bingham’S 1845 Paintings, The Concealed Enemy And Fur Traders Descending The Missouri, Joan Stack

The Confluence (2009-2020)

George Caleb Bingham was one of the few artists with a political career as well, serving in the Missouri legislature. In this article, Joan Stack interrogates a body of Bingham’s work in the context of the social and political atmosphere of antebellum Missouri.


From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith May 2016

From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


“Our Women And Children Cry For Food, And We Have No Food To Give Them”: The Environmental Dimensions Of Eastern Shoshone Dispossession, Adam R. Hodge May 2016

“Our Women And Children Cry For Food, And We Have No Food To Give Them”: The Environmental Dimensions Of Eastern Shoshone Dispossession, Adam R. Hodge

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


Consequences Of Peaceful Actions: Political Decisions Of The Illinois Indians, 1778–1832, Gerald Rogers May 2016

Consequences Of Peaceful Actions: Political Decisions Of The Illinois Indians, 1778–1832, Gerald Rogers

The Confluence (2009-2020)

A series of political decisions led to the decimation of the Native American population in Illinois during its territorial and early statehood periods leading up to the final removal of tribes after Black Hawk’s War.


Spring/Summer 2016, Full Issue May 2016

Spring/Summer 2016, Full Issue

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


A New Era In Their History: Isaac Mccoy’S Indian Canaan And The Baptist Triennial Convention, Daniel Williams May 2016

A New Era In Their History: Isaac Mccoy’S Indian Canaan And The Baptist Triennial Convention, Daniel Williams

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith Nov 2015

From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


“So Much To Learn: Understanding Missouri’S Landscape—The Early Years Of The Missouri Conservation Commission”, Quinta Scott Nov 2015

“So Much To Learn: Understanding Missouri’S Landscape—The Early Years Of The Missouri Conservation Commission”, Quinta Scott

The Confluence (2009-2020)

In this second article of a two-part series, Quinta Scott examines the impact of Aldo Leopold on the formation of the Missouri Conservation Commission and his role in shaping Missouri’s views on the landscape.


Fall/Winter 2015, Full Issue Nov 2015

Fall/Winter 2015, Full Issue

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.


“In Defense Of The Faith: The Catholic Response To Anti-Catholicism In Early Nineteenth-Century St. Louis”, Sarah Hinds Nov 2015

“In Defense Of The Faith: The Catholic Response To Anti-Catholicism In Early Nineteenth-Century St. Louis”, Sarah Hinds

The Confluence (2009-2020)

One side effect of the Second Great Awakening was a rise in anti- Catholic sentiment, especially as new Catholic immigrants arrived in the 1840s. While much is written on this nativism, little examines the Church’s response. Sarah Hinds uses St. Louis as a case study for understanding the nature of antebellum nativism and the Church’s responses.


“Katherine Dunham’S Mexican Adventure”, Theodore W. Cohen Nov 2015

“Katherine Dunham’S Mexican Adventure”, Theodore W. Cohen

The Confluence (2009-2020)

Katherine Dunham was an internationally recognized dancer, but her time in Mexico often gets short mention in biographies. Theodore Cohen looks at her Mexican years in the contexts of race in both Mexico and the United States.


When Sleepy Hollow Came To St. Louis, Jeffrey Smith May 2015

When Sleepy Hollow Came To St. Louis, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

As part of a broader expedition, writer Washington Irving—whose famous works include “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip van Winkle”—visited St. Louis in 1832. He had lunch with explorer and former territorial governor William Clark and saw Black Hawk imprisoned at Jefferson Barracks. Here is his account.


From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith May 2015

From The Editor, Jeffrey Smith

The Confluence (2009-2020)

No abstract provided.