Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Norman Site: Descriptions, Lois E. Albert

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Norman site (34WG2) lay on a terrace on the west side of the Neosho (Grand) River in Wagoner County, Oklahoma. Throughout much of its course within Oklahoma, this river flows along the western boundary of the Ozark Uplift. East of the river, the limestones, shales, and sandstones deposited during the Upper Mississippian and Pennsylvanian geological periods form the Boston Mountains and the Springfield Plateau. Several of these formations contain knappable cherts, often of good quality. West of the river, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian deposits thin and dip under the surface to form the Prairie Plains Province, characterized by low, …

Two New Cultures In Delaware County, Oklahoma, David A. Baerreis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Mode site is an extensive village site on the banks of Grand River. Only a small portion of the site has been explored as yet, so the scope of our knowledge of this aspect will soon be considerably expanded.

Cultural remains were found scattered through about three feet of soil and in three cache pits which extended below this into yellowish, sandy subsoil. The pottery found in the various levels appeared to be quite homogeneous.

A Bluff-Shelter Site In Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, H. R. Antle

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In the wildly rugged hills near Canyon Springs, in southeastern Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, a unique sandstone formation has produced evidence of once sheltering a prehistoric people.

Technically, the sandstone is of the Wilcox series, and is faulted to a position above the McLish limestone beneath which it normally lies. The fault line runs from the north southward a distance of 25 yards, then runs at right angles to the east for 40 yards. The sandstone ranges from 6 feet in height on the northern extremity to 35 feet along the southeastern portion. Multiple fractures, generally parallel to the fault lines, …

The Mcallister Park Roadway System Extension Project, San Antonio, Texas, Steve A. Tomka, Rick C. Robinson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an intensive pedestrian survey and subsurface testing for cultural resources along the proposed extensions to the McAllister Park road system, in McAllister Park, located in northeast San Antonio, Bexar County. The proposed extension impacts two sections of McAllister Road: the extreme western portion adjacent the park entrance at Jones Maltsberger, and its southern section exiting at Starcrest Drive. The project was carried out between September 16 and October 21,1999, under contract with the City of San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department and under Texas …

Archaeological Survey Of The Crystal City Municipal Landfill Extension, Zavala County, Texas, Richard A. Jones

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

At the request of Ozuna and Associates, Inc., Consulting Engineers of San Antonio, Texas, an archaeological survey was conducted by the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) for a proposed 40-acre extension to the Crystal City Municipal Landfill, under Texas Antiquities Committee Archeology Permit Number 2298. The pedestrian survey was conducted in early January 2000. One prehistoric site (41ZV445), a sparse scatter of burned stone and chipped lithics, was identified and documented. Shovel testing revealed no subsurface cultural deposits. The site does not meet the criteria for potential eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places nor does it warrant State …

Archaeological Monitoring Of The Caldwell County Courthouse Rehabilitation, Lockhart, Texas, Steve A. Tomka, Anne A. Fox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In February 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) entered into a contract with American Restoration of New Braunfels, Texas, to monitor utility trenches being excavated on the grounds of the Caldwell County Courthouse in Lockhart, Texas, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 2117. The utilities were installed in connection with the exterior rehabilitation being conducted by the firm of Ford, Powell, and Carson, Architects. Five visits to the project between February and October of 1999 involved monitoring of mechanical trench excavations, selective screening of trenching backdirt, and surface collections. Monitoring of …

An Archaeological Assessment Of San Pedro Park, (41bx19) San Antonio, Texas, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted shovel testing and backhoe trenching operations along the western edge of San Pedro Park, near downtown San Antonio, Texas. The purpose of the testing was to detennine the exact location at which the Alazan acequia would be impacted by a planned drainage improvement project under North Flores Street, and to then assess the likelihood that the project would significantly impact buried cultural material. Using old maps as guides, the acequia was located approximately 55 m south of Ashby Street. It was …

Archaeological Testing At The Headwaters Of The San Marcos River: Southwest Texas State University Raw Water Supply Project, Anthony S. Lyle, Christopher E. Horrell, Steve A. Tomka, Diane A. Cargill

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between April 30 and June 3, 1998, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted subsurface testing for cultural resources along the proposed route of a water pipeline for Southwest Texas State University. The area to be impacted by the proposed waterline included a tract on the banks of the headwaters of the San Marcos River and tracts adjacent to the Aquatic Biology Building. The project area is partially within the known boundaries of site 41HY161. The archaeological investigations included shovel testing, backhoe trenching, excavation of three 1 x 1-m units, and monitoring. Upon …

Historic Overview And Archival Archaeological Investigations For The San Antonio River Improvements Project: Houston To Lexington Segment, I. Waynne Cox, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In April 1999, the Centre for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) provided archival research and assessment of the Houston Street to Lexington Avenue portion of the San Antonio River Improvements Project. This undertaking enabled archival research to precede the initiation of the San Antonio River Improvements Project in order to identify areas of potentially significant cultural resources within the project area. In this capacity, CAR served as consultants to PBS&J, Engineering and Environmental Consulting for their client, the San Antonio River Authority (SARA), on the San Antonio River Improvements Project (Houston Street to …

Archaeological Testing And Monitoring Of A Service Drive At Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Texas, Diane A. Cargill, Rick C. Robinson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological testing for the installation of a new service drive and monitoring the removal of the existing service drive at Mission San Juan Capistrano was conducted in November, 1997 and October, 1999 respectively, by the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) for the National Park Service (NPS). The results of the testing and monitoring indicated that no intact Colonial midden deposits were observed, and few Colonial artifacts were recovered within the proposed service drive right-ofway. Three post-Colonial trash deposits were documented within the project area; however, due to the disturbed nature of …

Archaeological Excavation Of The Priest Quarters, Mission San Francisco De La Espada, 41bx4, San Antonio, Texas, Jose E. Zapata, Maureen J. Brown, Jeffery J. Durst

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The following report is the result of two projects completed by the Center for Archaeological Research, of The University of Texas at San Antonio for San Francisco de la Espada/Catholic Diocese of San Antonio and J. T. Michel, Inc., under Texas Historical Commission Permit Number 2076. The investigations were conducted at Mission San Francisco de la Espada, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (41BX4).

The initial investigation was conducted in November 1998, prior to the planned installation of electrical lines along the southwest corner of the Convento (complex of structures grouped around a patio area), while the additional excavations of July …

1999 Excavations At Mission Rosario, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Mission Nuestra Senora del Rosario founded in 1754, is located four miles west of modem-day Goliad, Texas. Established for the Karankawa Indians, it was finally abandoned in 1808. Archaeological investigations have been conducted at the site in the 1940s, 1970s, and 1990s. This body of work, the most recent, was conducted by the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio (CAR) (UTSA) under the auspices of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). In July through September 1999, CAR excavated 105 units, cleared some above-ground walls, and probed for buried walls or foundations. A geophysical …

Archeological Test Excavations At 41wm543 On Fm 734, The Parmer Lane Extension, Williamson County, Texas, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A previously recorded site, 41WM543, was re-evaluated by archeologists from the Texas Department of Transportation in connection with the FM 734 Parmer Lane extension northwest of Austin, Texas. The portion of the site within the proposed right-of-way was tested after a burned rock concentration was exposed. Chronology of the open campsite is based on projectile point typology as no datable features were found. The diagnostic projectile points represented a time span of Early Archaic through Late Archaic Periods. The majority of the points were found in only two levels, however. Given the lack of buried features, no further work is …

The Lino Site: A Stratified Late Archaic Campsite In A Terrace Of The San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Chris Lintz, Grant Smith, Scott Wilcox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeologists from TRC Mariah Associates Inc. of Austin conducted mitigation excavations at the Lino site (41WB437) during a six-week period in April and May 1998 under contract with the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division. The prehistoric archeological site was within the right-of-way of the planned expansion of Highway 83, south of Laredo. A single 196 m2 block measuring 7m north-south by 28 m east-west was investigated following requirements of a contract that stipulated a three-pronged approach to data recovery. First, a Gradall™ was employed to carefully strip 2 to 4 cm thick layers in eight 3m wide areas …

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The Kjems Family From Odder To Ashland, Magne Kjems

The Bridge

My father, Simon Nielsen Kjems, was born on the farm of Kjemsgaard on 23 July 1849.2 At the age of twenty, he entered Askov Folk School and was educated to be a teacher in private and folk schools (friskolen og hajskolen). In 1874, father became a teacher in the private school on Odder Mark, a short distance from the village of Odder. The pupils were both farm children and the children of master artisans in Odder. I do not know . whether father built the school himself, but I know that he came to own it, and when he married …

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The Bridge

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The Long Joumey To Oregon: An Emigrant Family From Odder, Kristian Tybjerg

The Bridge

Late Thursday afternoon on 7 February 1889, the steamship SS Bravo of the C. K. Hansen Line sailed from the port of Copenhagen for Hull in England. It carried freight, cattle, and a few passengers -all emigrants to America. Among them was a family from Odder in Jutland, a shopkeeper named Corfix S0rensen, his wife, Kathrine, and their five youngest children, Godert, Vagn, Svend, Kamma, and Alrune. Had Corfix and Kathrine known what lay ahead for the rest of their lives in terms of hard work, deprivation, disappointments, and a nagging longing for home in the old country, they may …

Snow!, Enok Mortensen

The Bridge

The winter had been unusually mild. For many years, people had never seen anything like it. The old folks even thought that there was something wrong with such unusual weather. Coal dealers cursed and knocked on their barometers, but the temperature held above freezing and well into December no snow fell. In Grant Park, which Chicago had wrested from Lake Michigan, a faint sun kissed the faded grey lawn and warmed it enough so that fat wealthy women took out their yappy lap dogs. In long uneven rows the homeless lay in rags and stole a belated sleep well into …

Full Issue

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In Memoriam, Arnold N. Bodtker

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Restless Fanatic:Mogens Abraham Sommer, 1829-1901, Thorvald Hansen

The Bridge

This account of the life and activities of a Danish religious fanatic who played a significant role in emigration has been prepared on the basis of materials available in this country. Further items are available in Denmark, but on the basis of what is known to be available, it is doubtful that this would make any appreciable difference. To my knowledge, this is the only English language story of his life.

Marcus Lee Hansen's Approach To The History Of Scandinavian Immigration, J.R. Christianson

The Bridge

Marcus Lee Hansen (1892-1938) has been called "the first serious student of the history of American immigration," and he was a very good one, but that was long ago.2 His major scholarship appeared after his death at the age of forty-five in 1938. Few authors have written about American immigration with Marcus Lee Hansen's literary grace and historical brilliance, but huge amounts of ethnic and immigration history have been written since his day. Old history often goes stale and out of print. What about Marcus Lee Hansen? Is there anything in his view of immigration that still speaks to us …

Gendered Communication Among Second Generation Danish Americans In The "Blair Church:" A Study In Progress, John Mark Nielsen

The Bridge

I am not nor do I pretend to be an expert on gendered communication or feminist criticism. I have, however, used Carol Gilligan's In A Different Voice and Deborah Tannen's You Just Don't Understand in classes with good results.1 While students differ in their responses, these works are accessible to many and have inspired good discussion about how gender may affect decision-making and impact the way messages are sent and received. Additionally, I have found writings by Peggy McIntosh, Carol Smith-Rosenberg, and Barbara Welter helpful in exploring and thinking about the writings of American women writers of the pre-Civil War …

Time To Retire: Providing For Retirement On A Danish Farm In 1863, J.R. Christianson

The Bridge

Peder S0rensen and Ane Mette were ready to retire, but the year was 1863, and the famous Danish welfare state was far in the future. So what did they do? It was a problem faced by the families of many Danish immigrants. When he was young, Peder S0rensen had come to the village of Lindeballe and bought a piece of land from the rich widow in Lindeballegaard. That was thirty-seven years ago. He and his first wife, Maren Sofie, built their farm on that piece of land, and they called it L0kkegaard.1 They had no children.